Zipeprol(레스피렌$^{(R)}$)을 탐닉하던 노인의 급성 중독 사망례

이두환,최상천,안정환,조영신,김기운,민영기,정윤석,Lee, Doo-Hwan,Choi, Sang-Cheon,Ahn, Jung-Hwan,Cho, Young-Shin,Kim, Gi-Woon,Min, Young-Gi,Jung, Yoon-Seok 대한임상독성학회 2009 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Zipeprol dihydrochloride is a non-opioid mucolytic, antitussive agent and it is frequently prescribed for respiratory symptoms such as cough and sputum. The main pharmacologic mechanisms of zipeprol are inhibition of superior laryngeal nerve stimulation and direct antagonism for stimulation of the bronchial receptors, which might have an effect for the drug's mucolytic action. Many cases of drug abuse with zipeprol have occurred world-wide due to the hallucinogenic effect of the drug. In Korea, zipeprol was reported to be the most commonly abused drug among young people for the 1990s. Zipeprol associated death was first reported since 1991 and 69 cases of death related to zipeprol abuse were further reported during 8 years (between 1991 and 1998). In addition to the hallucinogenic effect, dyspnea, extrapyramidal symptoms, seizure, cerebral edema have been reported as the signs and symptoms of toxic zipeprol overdose. However, zipeprol abuse is not common for old age people and non drug abusers. We report here on a fatal case of acute zipeprol poisoning in an eighty five year old drug addicted woman.

초활성점토광물 분말의 특성과 미생물 증식에 미치는 영향

이두환 ( Doo Hwan Lee ),김태종 ( Tae Jong Kim ) 한국자연치유학회 2015 Journal of Naturopathy Vol.4 No.1

This paper is to study the characteristics of super activated material series(SAMs) powders and their influence on the lethality and multiplication of microbes. SAMs are composed of lime powder up to 95.5%, most of which are minerals of 400 mesh. In them, CaO is 774.16 ppm, P2O5 374.25 ppm, SiO2 62.37% while Pb, Cd, Hg and As were not found. According to the observation with the scanning electron microscope(SEM), they had a sheet structure without air pores. They showed no smell, flavor and elution of color. Average radiation rate of far-infrared rays was 0.93 μm, and average radiation energy of far-infrared was 3.74×102 W/m2/μm. When A. niger was cultured on the SAMs culture medium, it showed 100% sterilizing power in a week and on. E. coli showed 86.1% reduction on the SAMs medium; P. aeruginous 82.7%. In the water tank medium to which SAMs were added by 5 g/L, the surviving population of Cochlodinium polykrikoides decreased from initial 53% to 20%; In the medium by 10 g/L, it reduced from 60% to 10%. In the medium for A. niger to which 0.05-0.3% SAMs were added, its pH was from 6.6 to 4.4 after 24-48 hours, showing that it became lower according to the concentration of SAMs. The multiplication of cells increased according to the concentration of SAMs. pH of L. acidophilus culture medium added with 0.25-0.3% SAMs decreased from initial 6.6 to 5-4.9 after cultivation of 24-48 hours. But, in the medium of 0-0.1% SAMs, pH increased after 24 hours. The number of cells increased according to the concentration of SAMs. In the 0.5% SAMs medium, pH of Agrobacterium sp. changed from initial 6.09 to 6.55. The measurement of cell mass O.D. increased to 18.65 at 0.5% SAMs medium when compared with that at 0% medium. When the concentration of SAMs was 0%, the dry cell weight was 2.55 g/L. But when the concentration was 0.5%, it increased to 6.80 g/L. The production of polymer curdian was not influenced by SAMs concentration.

스텐트 내 재협착 병변에서 약물용출 풍선확장술 후 주요 심장사건 발생의 예측인자

이두환(Doo Hwan Lee),김인수(In Soo Kim),공창기(Chang gi Kong),한재복(Jae Bok Han) 한국방사선학회 2020 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.2

이 연구는 스텐트 내 재협착 병변에서 약물용출 풍선 확장술을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 주요 심장사건에 영향을 미치는 예측 인자가 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 2012년 10월부터 2017년 1월까지 전남대학교병원 심혈관센터에서 경피적 관상동맥 삽입술 후 스텐트 내 재협착이 발생한 환자 중에서 약물용출 풍선 확장술을 시행 받은 환자 257명 (평균연령 66.1±10.1세, 남자 172명)을 대상으로 그룹 I (주요 심장사건 발생군, n=35명), 그룹 II (주요 심장사건 발생하지 않은 군, n=222명)로 나누어 분류 하였다. 약물용출 풍선 성형술 후 주요 심장사건의 독립적인 예측 인자를 보기 위한 다변량 분석에서 완전 폐쇄병변 형태의 재협착 형태 (HR=4.179, 95% C.I.=1.851-9.437 p= 0.001), 25 mm이상의 긴 병변 (HR=8.773, 95% C.I.=1.898-40.546 p= 0.005), 반복되는 스텐트 내 재협착 (HR=4.693, 95% C.I.=1.259-17.490 p= 0.021)이 독립적인 예측 인자로 판명되었다. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with drug-eluting balloon (DEB) for in-stent restenosis (ISR) lesion. Total of 257 patients who developed ISR on follow-up coronary angiography (66.1 ± 10.1years, 172 males) in Chonnam National University Hospital between October 2012 and January 2017 were enrolled. We divided the patients into two groups; group I (MACE group; n= 35) and group II (No MACE group; n= 222). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that type IV ISR (HR=4.179, 95% C.I.=1.851-9.437 p= 0.001), lesion length > 25 mm (HR=8.773, 95% C.I.=1.898-40.546 p= 0.005), number of ISR recurrence > 2 (HR=4.693, 95% C.I.=1.259-17.490 p= 0.021) were independent factors for MACE after DEB in ISR lesions.

ARINC 653 기반의 FACE I/O 서비스 세그먼트 구조 설계

이두환(Doo Hwan Lee),조경연(Kyeong Yeon Cho),차상철(Sang Cheol Cha) 한국항공우주학회 2023 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.4

항공전자 시스템에서 ARINC653 기반의 FACE를 준수하는 IOS 및 TS 세그먼트 구조 설계

이두환 ( Doo-hwan Lee ),남영욱 ( Young-uk Nam ),조경연 ( Kyeong-yeon Cho ),윤지용 ( Ji-yong Yoon ) 한국항행학회 2023 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.27 No.4

항공전자 시스템의 복잡성이 높아짐에 따라 소프트웨어 컴포넌트의 이식성 및 재사용성이 강조되었다. 본 논문에서는 ARINC 653 요구사항을 만족하는 VxWorks 653 운용 환경에서 FACE(The Future Airborne Capability Environment)표준에 적합한 IOSS(Input Output Service Segment) 및 TSS(Transport Service Segment)에 대한 구조 설계 방안을 설명한다. IOSS 및 TSS는 각각 다른 파티션에서 독립적으로 동작하게 하여 시/공간 분리 및 다른 소프트웨어의 영향성을 최소화 하였고, 이식성 및 재사용성을 높이기 위해 디자인 패턴 중 전략 패턴을 적용하였다. 또한, IOSS는 Distributed IO Service 구조를 적용하여 외부 인터페이스 서비스를 제공하고, 외부 인터페이스 중 FACE를 적용한 장비의 ARINC 664 P7 인터페이스는 TSS에 배치하여 데이터 이동 경로를 최적화 하였다. The increasing complexity of avionics systems has emphasized the portability and reusability of software components. In this paper, a structural design method for IOSS (Input Output Service Segment) and TSS (Transport Service Segment) complying with the FACE (The Future Airborne Capability Environment) standard in the VxWorks 653 operating environment that satisfies ARINC 653 requirements is described. IOSS and TSS operate independently in different partitions to minimize time/space separation and the influence of other software, and to increase portability and reusability, strategy patterns among design patterns are applied. In addition, IOSS provides external interface service by applying distributed IO service structure, and among external interfaces, the ARINC 664 P7 interface of FACE-compliant equipment is placed in TSS to optimize the data movement path.

미들웨어 기반 런타임 낸드 플래시 메모리 불량 블록 관리 기법

이두환(Doo Hwan Lee),이동훈(Dong Hun Lee),김준형(Jun Hyoung Kim),김정열(Jeong Yeol Kim),박상우(Sang Woo Park) 한국항공우주학회 2019 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

PTT 섬유의 염색성(1)

이두환(Doo Hwan Lee),정동석(Dong Seok Jeong),이문철(Mun Cheul Lee) 한국염색가공학회 2002 韓國染色加工學會誌 Vol.14 No.5

스텐트 재협착 병변에서 약물코팅 풍선카테터과 약물용출 스텐트의 예후 분석

이두환 ( Doo Hwan Lee ),송종남 ( Jong Nam Song ),박신의 ( Sin Eui Park ),최남길 ( Nam Gil Choi ),한재복 ( Jae Bok Han ),김인수 ( In Soo Kim ) 한국방사선학회 2019 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.3

약물용출 스텐트(drug-eluting stents, DES)는 일반 금속 스텐트에 비하여 재협착을 현저하게 줄였지만, 여전히 관상동맥 스텐트 재협착은 비율이 높다. 2012년 11월부터 2016년 12월까지의 일 대학교병원 심혈관센터에서 경피적 관상동맥 스텐트 삽입술 후 관상동맥 조영술에서 스텐트 재협착 환자 187명 그룹 I (약물코팅 풍선카테터 사용, n=127명), 그룹 II (약물용출 스텐트 사용, n=60명)로 분류하여 치료효과, 주요심장사건, 사망 발생률, 심근경색, 표적병변 재개통술 그리고 스텐트 혈전등을 2년 동안 추적 분석하였다. 임상적 특성는 두 그룹간 차이는 없었고(21.1 ± 5.3 vs. 25.3 ± 9.6 mm, p<0.002), 혈관조영검사에서 약물코팅 풍선카테터 사용 그룹에서 스텐트 재협착 길이가 짧았다. 주요심장사건은 8.7%vs.10.0%, p=0.789, 사망발생률0%vs.0%,p=1.000, 심근경색 1.6%vs.6.7%, p=0.085, 표적병변 재개통술 8.7% vs. 10.0%, p=0.789 그리고 스텐트 혈전증 0% vs. 0%, p=1000에서 양군 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 약물코팅 풍선카테터가 약물방출 스텐트와 비교하여 2년 추적 검사 결과 주요심장사건에서 차이가 없었고, 약물코팅 풍선카테터는 스텐트 재협착 병변에서 약물방출 스텐트와 함께 선택할 수 있는 좋은 치료방법이라고 사료된다. Although the development of Drug-eluting stent (DES) improved the ISR significantly more than the Bare metal stent (BMS), the coronary stent restenosis (ISR) treatment still has a high recurrence rate. This study is compared the efficacy of DEB with that of DES implantation in patients with ISR. Among 4,316 patients who underwent coronary stent implantation at the Chonnam National University Hospital between November 2012 and December 2016, 187 patients developed ISR on follow-up coronary angiography (66.3 ± 11.0 years, 123 males) were enrolled and divided into two groups according to revascularization method as group I (DEB group; n= 127) and group II (DES group; n= 60). Primary end point was defined as major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), composite of cardiac death (CD), myocardial infaction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and stent thrombosis (ST) during two-year follow-up between the two groups. There were no differences in the baseline characteristics and angiographic findings except that prevalence of device length was shorter (21.1 ± 5.3 vs. 25.3 ± 9.6 mm, p<0.002) in group I.Two-year MACE were not different in the two groups (8.7%vs.10.0%, p=0.789). The incidences of cardiac death (0%vs.0%, p=1.000), MI (1.6%vs.6.7%, p=0.085), TLR(8.7% vs. 10.0%, p=0.789) and ST (0% vs. 0%, p=1000). DEB demonstrated comparable risk reduction for MACEs compared with DES in patients with ISR during two-year follow-up. DEB might be good alternative for the treatment of ISR in patients with ISR

Zipeprol(레스피렌®)을 탐닉하던 노인의 급성 중독 사망례

이두환 ( Doo Hwan Lee ),최상천 ( Sang Cheon Choi ),안정환 ( Jung Hwan Ahn ),조영신 ( Young Shin Cho ),김기운 ( Gi Woon Kim ),민영기 ( Young Gi Min ),정윤석 ( Yoon Seok Jung ) 대한임상독성학회 2009 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Zipeprol dihydrochloride is a non-opioid mucolytic, antitussive agent and it is frequently prescribed for respiratory symptoms such as cough and sputum. The main pharmacologic mechanisms of zipeprol are inhibition of superior laryngeal nerve stimulation and direct antagonism for stimulation of the bronchial receptors, which might have an effect for the drug’s mucolytic action. Many cases of drug abuse with zipeprol have occurred world-wide due to the hallucinogenic effect of the drug. In Korea, zipeprol was reported to be the most commonly abused drug among young people for the 1990s. Zipeprol associated death was first reported since 1991 and 69 cases of death related to zipeprol abuse were further reported during 8 years (between 1991 and 1998). In addition to the hallucinogenic effect, dyspnea, extrapyramidal symptoms, seizure, cerebral edema have been reported as the signs and symptoms of toxic zipeprol overdose. However, zipeprol abuse is not common for old age people and non drug abusers. We report here on a fatal case of acute zipeprol poisoning in an eighty five year old drug addicted woman.

돼지 사료에 초활성점토광물을 첨가하여 사육한 효과

이두환 ( Doo Hwan Lee ),김태종 ( Tae Jong Kim ) 한국자연치유학회 2015 Journal of Naturopathy Vol.4 No.1

Domestic SAMs (super activated material series) were added by 0.8% to the feed of 24 pigs in order to study the component change of excretion, the reduction effect of malodorous substances, and the change of meatiness. P, Zn, Mn, and organic components out of excrement components were decreased. Valeraldehyde, a highly malodorous substance, and methyl isobutyl ketone were decreased by 58% and 39%, respectively. As for the characteristics of meatiness, in the group with addition of 0.8% SAMs, all of the brightness, red index, and yellow index tended to increase in comparison with those of control group. As for the dressed carcass, the effect of 0.8% SAMs addition on the growth (weight increase and feed conversion rate) was insignificant. The concentration of immunoglobulin G in the blood of growing piglets was increased from the range of 25 to 50% in the 11th week to the range of 40 to 60% in the 16th week, and the number of lymphocytes started to increase from the 5th week and increased by 18% in the 16th week. There existed preventive effects on respiratory disease and viral syndrome, which often generate in growing pigs. The results above indicate that the addition of SAMs to pig feeds is expected to decrease the amount of such an environmental pollutant excretion as P out of excrement and to have a positive influence on the immunity enhancement and growth rate.