한진그룹과 3세 경영

김동운(Dong-Woon Kim) 한국경영사학회 2024 경영사연구(경영사학) Vol.109 No.-

본 논문은 한진그룹(2023년 5월 현재 14위 집단)에서 진행된 소유권 및 경영권 승계과정을 분석하며, 이를 다른 주요 4개 그룹에서의 승계 과정과 비교 평가한다. 한진그룹의 2세대 조양호는 2019년 4월 세상을 떠났으며, 3세대 조원태는 같은 해 4 월과 10월에 경영권과 소유권을 각각 계승하였다. 한편 한국경제에서 재벌은 중추적인역할을 담당하고 있다. 2023년 5월 현재의 1~20위 집단 중 16개 집단이 재벌이며, 이중 14개 집단에서는 세대교체가 완료되어 2.3.4세대가 소유권 및 경영권을 장악하고 있다. 14개 집단 중, 삼성(1위), LG(4위), 롯데(6위), 두산(17위) 등 4개 집단에서의 사례를한진의 사례와 비교 분석한다. ‘3세대 승계’ 2개 집단(한진 조원태, 삼성 이재용), ‘2세대승계’ 1개 집단(롯데 신동빈), ‘4세대 승계’ 2개 집단(LG 구광모, 두산 박정원) 등이다. 5개 그룹에서의 소유권 및 경영권 승계는 다음과 같은 특징을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 5개그룹 모두에서 ‘경영권 먼저 승계, 소유권 나중 승계’가 진행되었다. 둘째, 한진과 LG에서는 앞 세대가 별세한 후에 ‘사후(死後) 승계’가, 롯데와 삼성에서는 앞 세대가 별세하기전에 ‘생전(生前) 승계’가, 그리고 두산에서는 ‘경영권 생전 승계, 소유권 사후 승계’가 진행되었다. 셋째, 지분 상속의 경우, 한진과 롯데에서는 상속인들에게 엇비슷하게 배분되는 ‘균등 상속’이, LG와 두산에서는 특정 상속인에게 집중 배분되는 ‘불균등 상속’이, 그리고 삼성에서는 ‘균등 상속’ 또는 ‘불균등 상속’이 진행되었다. 넷째, 2022년 현재 5개그룹 주요 7개 회사 중 지주회사 한진칼의 ‘친족 및 특수관계인 지분’이 유일하게 20%미만이며, 특히 다른 3개 지주회사에서의 지분(39~74%대)과는 큰 차이가 난다 This study analyzes the ways in which Won-Tae Cho from the third generation has succeeded the ownership and control of Hanjin Group, the 14th largest group in South Korea as of May 2023, and, then, how the case in Hanjin differ from those in four other major groups such as Samsung(1st largest group), LG(4th), Lotte(6th) and Doosan(17th). Hanjin Group introduced new corporate governance called the holding company system partially in 2009 and to a greater extent from 2013. As of December 2022, 85% of the member companies (28 of 33 companies) belonged to a system with a holding company named HanjinKal, 6 son companies, 20 grandson companies, and one grand-grandson company. The largest shareholder of HanjinKal was Yang-Ho Cho from the second generation to 2018 and Won-Tae Cho from the third generation from 2019. Yang-Ho Cho died in April 2019 and Won-Tae Cho succeeded, first in April, the control of the Group, becoming the Chairman of HanjinKal, and, then in October, the ownership of the Group, becoming the largest shareholder of HanjinKal. By comparison, in LG Group, Gwang-Mo Koo from the fourth generation succeeded the control and ownership in June and November 2018 after his father’s death in May 2018; in Lotte, Dong-Bin Shin from the second generation did so in 2004 and 2017 while his father died in 2020; in Samsung, Jae-Yong Lee from the third generation did so in 2015 and 2018 while his father died in 2020; and, in Doosan, Jung-Won Park from the fourth generation did so in 2016 and July 2019 while his father died in March 2019.

In vitro 발효에서 Prebiotics와 Probiotics가 돼지 장내미생물과 발효산물에 미치는 영향

김동운,채수진,김영화,정현정,이성대,박준철,조규호,사수진,김인철,김인호,Kim, Dong-Woon,Chae, Su-Jin,Kim, Young-Hwa,Jung, Hyun-Jung,Lee, Sung-Dae,Park, Jun-Cheol,Cho, Kyu-Ho,Sa, Soo-Jin,Kim, In-Cheul,Kim, In-Ho 한국미생물학회 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.1

In the present study, the effects of prebiotics and prebiotics+probiotics on intestinal microflora and fermentation products were evaluated in a pig in vitro fermentation model. The substrates used in this study were iso-malto oligosaccharide (IMO), partially digested chicory-inulin (CI), raffinose (RA), and cyclodextrin (CD) as prebiotics and Lactobacillus reiteri as probiotics. For a pig in vitro fermentation, the experimental diet for growing pigs was predigested using digestive enzymes secreted by small intestine and this hydrolyzed diet was mixed with a buffer solution containing 5% fresh swine feces. The mixture was then incubated with either prebiotics or prebiotics+probiotics for 24 h. Samples were taken at 24 h, and viable counts of microflora, gas, pH, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) were analyzed. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in all treatments containing prebiotics and prebiotics+probiotics when compared to the control. However, the number of lactic acid bacteria increased in the prebiotics and prebiotics+probiotics treatment. The pH values in the fermentation fluid decreased in all treatments when compared to the control, and their effects were greater in the prebiotics+probiotics group than prebiotics group. Fermentation with prebiotics resulted in a reduction in malodorous compounds such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and skatole when compared to the prebiotics+probiotics group. Short-chain fatty acid production was also higher for treatment with prebiotics+probiotics than treatment with prebiotics. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that fermentation with prebiotics was effective in reducing the formation of malodorous compounds and prebiotics+probiotics was effective in increasing lactic acid bacteria and SCFA and reducing the pH. Moreover, further studies will be needed to determine whether the results observed in the in vitro model would occur in pigs that ingest these prebiotics or probiotics.

롯데그룹의 소유구조

김동운(Dong-Woon Kim) 한국경영사학회 2021 經營史學 Vol.100 No.-

본 논문은 한국자본과 일본자본이 공존하는 롯데그룹(2021년 현재 5위 재벌)의 독특한소유지배구조를 분석한다. 오너(owner) 일가가 그룹의 소유권을 가지고 있기는 하지만장악의 정도가 안정적이지 못하며, 2017년 지주회사체제로 전환된 이후에는 일본 롯데그룹이 주도하는 ‘일본자본’이 오너 일가가 주도하는 ‘한국자본’보다 큰 지배력을 가지게 되었다. 한국자본과 일본자본의 공존은 1967년 롯데그룹이 출범할 때부터 계속되어 왔다. 창업자 신격호는 1948년 일본에서 ㈜롯데를 설립한 이후 일본 롯데그룹을 1960년대 중반까지일본 유수의 재벌로 성장시켰으며, 이를 바탕으로 1967년 한국에 진출하여 롯데제과를 시작으로 한국 롯데그룹을 형성하였다. 이 과정에서 일본 롯데 산하 ‘일본회사들’과 이들이지배주주인 한국 롯데의 ‘일본계 계열회사들’은 자연스럽게 그리고 불가피하게 한국 롯데계열회사들에 주주로 참여하게 되었다. 오너 일가 또한 1세대 신격호와 2세대 신동빈ㆍ신동주ㆍ신영자를 중심으로 상장회사를 비롯한 그룹의 주요 회사들에 지분을 보유하였다. 2017년 이후의 지주회사 롯데지주에서는, 1) 친족 및 한국 소재 특수관계인 지분의 감소, 2) 의결권 없는 롯데지주 주식 즉 자기주식의 급증, 3) ‘일본계 계열회사’ 보유 지분의 높은 비중 지속, 4) 일본 소재 특수관계인 즉 일본 롯데 지주회사 롯데홀딩스를 비롯한 ‘일본회사’ 보유 지분의 신규 등장, 5) 롯데홀딩스가 주도하는 ‘일본자본’이 오너 일가가 주도하는 ‘한국자본’보다 우위의 지배력 확보 등의 현상들이 일어나고 있으며, 그 결과오너 일가의 소유권이 약화되고 불안정해지는 상황이 계속되고 있다. 2018년 그룹 동일인이 된 신동빈이 안정적인 소유권을 확보하기 위해서는 이러한 ‘비정상적인 현상들’을제거, 완화 또는 역전시켜 나가야 할 것으로 보인다. This paper delineates the ways in which the owner family, led by first Gyuk-Ho Shin and then his son Dong-Bin Shin, has been involved in the ownership of Lotte Group, the 5th largest group in Korea as of 2021. Lotte Group adopted a holding company system in 2017 and, as of December 2020, more than four-fifths of the Group’s member companies (81%; 69 of 85 companies) was organized into a fully-fledged system consisting of one holding company (Lotte Holding Company), 23 son companies, and 45 grandson companies. The company’s largest shareholder and the Group’s representative owner was Dong-Bin Shin, the second son of Gyuk-Ho Shin, the founder. The Shin family has governed, in terms of both ownership and control, the Group, but the family ownership has not been firmly established. Above all, the family’s stake in the holding company in 2020 was only 17.3%, most of which was owned by Dong-Bin Shin (13.0%) as the largest shareholder. By contrast, some two-thirds of the total stake (57.8%) was in the hands of an intimate group including the group’s member companies and, also, companies belonging to Japan’s Lotte Group, which was founded by Gyuk-Ho Shin in 1948, 19 years before the foundation of Korea’s Lotte Group in 1967. Significantly, the ‘Japanese’ stake (21.9%) owned, directly and indirectly, by Japan’s Lotte Group was, in terms of voting power, larger than the ‘Korean’ one (20.7%) owned by the owner family and a Korea-based intimate group. The paper analyzes and evaluates a unique ownership structure of Lotte Group by paying attention how the owner family’s ownership on one hand and the ‘Korean vs. Japanese’ stake on the other have been changed in the Group’s key companies for more than 20 years after the late 1990s.

소아 요로감염에서 배뇨성 방광 요도 조영술의 결정

김동운,최응상,임인석,Kim, Dong-Woon,Choi, Eung-Sang,Lim, In-Seok 대한소아신장학회 2007 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.11 No.2

Purpose : We attempted to compare the independent factors such as age, sex, C-reactive protein(CRP), and white blood cell count(WBC) in children with radiologic studies and assess the necessity of performing voiding cystourethrography(VCUG). Method : 98 children who have been diagnosed their first time febrile urinary tract infection from Janurary 2002 to Januray 2005 were enrolled. In all patient, the duration of fever which occurred before and after treatment was recorded, and CRP, WBC, $^{99m}Tc$-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid($^{99m}Tc$-DMSA) renal scans, renal ultrasound and VCUG were analyzed. Results : Of the 98 children diagnosed with urinary tract infection(UTI), 52 were male and 46 were female. 18 had abnormalities in VCUG, 17 had abnormalities in kidney ultrasound, and 20 had partial defects or diffuse uptake decrease in $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA renal scans. There were no significant relationship between incidence of radiologic abnormalities and age. The risk of renal scar was significantly higher in children who had a longer febrile period before treatment than in those with shorter period. Both CRP and WBC were significantly elevated in children with the radiological abnormalities. A positive of $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA renal scans and renal ultrasound were highly associated with vesicoureteral reflux(VUR). Conclusion : If there are abnormalities in the kidney ultrasound and $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA renal scan of a child with initial UTI, a VCUG is recommended. Even in cases without abnormal findings in $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA renal scan and renal ultrasound, clinical data such as CRP and WBC should be assessed, and VCUG should be Performed for the undetected VUR.

소아 신장질환에서 요 β₂-microglobulin검사의 분석

김동운,임인석,Kim, Dong Woon,Lim, In Seok 대한소아청소년과학회 2007 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.50 No.4

Purpose : There have been numerous researches on urine ${\beta}_2$-microglobulin (${\beta}_2$-M) concerned with primary nephrotic syndrome and other glomerular diseases, but not much has been done in relation to pediatric age groups. Thus, our hospital decided to study the relations between the analysis of the test results we have conducted on pediatric patients and renal functions. Methods : Retrospective data analysis was done to 102 patients of ages 0 to 4 with renal diseases with symptoms such as hematuria, edema, and proteinuria who were admitted to Chung-Ang Yongsan Hospital and who participated in 24-hour urine and urine ${\beta}_2$-M excretion test between January of 2003 and January of 2006. Each disease was differentiated as independent variables, and the statistical difference of the results of urine ${\beta}_2$-M excretion of several groups of renal diseases was analyzed with student T-test by using test results as dependent variables. Results : Levels of urine ${\beta}_2$-M excretion of the 102 patients were as follows : 52 had primary nephrotic syndrome [MCNS (n=45, $72{\pm}45{\mu}g/g$ creatinine, ${\mu}g/g-Cr$), MPGN (n=3, $154{\pm}415{\mu}g/g-Cr$), FSGS (n=4, $188{\pm}46{\mu}g/-Cr$], six had APSGN ($93{\pm}404{\mu}g/g-Cr$), seven had IgA nephropathy ($3,414{\pm}106{\mu}g/g-Cr$), 9 had APN ($742{\pm}160{\mu}g/g-Cr$), 16 had cystitis ($179{\pm}168{\mu}g/g-Cr$), and 12 had HSP nephritis ($109{\pm}898{\mu}g/g-Cr$). IgA nephropathy (P<0.05) and APN (P<0.05) were significantly higher than in other renal diseases. Among primary nephrotic syndrome, FSGS with higher results of ${\beta}_2$-microglobulin test had longer treatment period (P<0.01) when compared to the lower groups, but no significant differences in Ccr, BUN, or Cr were observed. Conclusion : IgA nephropathy and APN groups showed significantly higher level of ${\beta}_2$-M excretion value than other groups. Although ${\beta}_2$-microglobulin value is not appropriate as an indicator of general renal function and pathology, it seems to be sufficient in the differential diagnosis of the UTI and in the prediction of the treat-ment period of nephrotic syndrome patients.

저출력 레이저 조사가 성견의 실험적 치주질환 치유에 미치는 영향에 관한 조직병리학적 연구

김동운,이재현,정진형,Kim, Dong-Woon,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Chung, Chin-Hyung 대한치주과학회 1993 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.23 No.1

In order to investigate the healing effect on inflammation and bone regeneration of low power density laser radiation in dogs, experimental periodontitis was made in dog mandibular 3rd, 4th premolars. All teeth were classified with four groups of two experimental group and control groups. The second group were irradiated on periodontitis site and the first group were control. The fourth group were irradiated on periodontitis site flap operation and the third group were flap control. Experimental groups were irradiated with GaAs low power density laser of pulse wave and continuous wave of 904nm every day by five days respectively and then control group and experimental groups were evaluated by histo-pathological study. The results were as follows : 1. Experimental periodontits site of dog were irradiated with GaAs low power laser results in reducing of pseudoepitheliomatous proliferation and inflammation at light microscope. 2. After irradiation with low power density laser, experimental groups were revealed that PDL forming activity were increased and newly formed collagen deposition were observed. 3. Low power density lsaer irradiation on experimental periodontits site after flap operation showed that decreasing of inflammation, reducing of osteoclast activity. Capillary proliferation, reduction of pseudoepitheliomatous proliferation. 4. After irradiation with low power density laser on flap experimental site, experimental groups were revealed that newly formed collagen in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were detected on MT staining.

Influence of nano-structured alumina coating treatment on shear bond strength between zirconia ceramic and resin cement

김동운,이정진,김경아,서재민,Kim, Dong-Woon,Lee, Jung-Jin,Kim, Kyoung-A,Seo, Jae-Min The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2016 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.54 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the application of nano-structured alumina coating to the surface of Y-TZP could enhance the bond strength with resin cement. Materials and methods: A total of 80 zirconia plates were prepared and divided into four groups. : 1) airborne particle abrasion treatment (A) : 2) Rocatec treatment after airborne particle abrasion (R) : 3) nano-structured alumina coating treatment after polishing (PC) and 4) nano-structured alumina coating after airborne particle abrasion (AC). Alumina coating was formed by the hydrolysis of aluminium nitride (AlN) powder and heat treatment at $900^{\circ}C$. Coating patterns were observed with FE-SEM. Resin block was bonded to treated zirconia ceramics using resin cement. The shear bond strengths were measured before and after thermocycling. Results: The FE-SEM images show a dense and uniform nano-structured alumina coating structure, which enhances shear bond strength by increasing micro mechanical interlocking to resin cement. PC and AC groups showed higher shear bond strengths than A and R groups before and after thermocycling. A and R groups displayed significant drops in shear bond strength after thermocycling. However, PC and AC groups did not show any meaningful decreases in shear bond strength after thermocycling. Conclusion: Treatment of Y-TZP ceramics with nano-structured alumina coating could significantly increase their shear bond strength.

법랑기질 단백질 유도체가 치주인대양세포 및 조골양세포에 미치는 영향

김동운,정진형,임성빈,고선일,Kim, Dong-Woon,Chung, Chin-Hyung,Lim, Sung-Bin,Ko, Seon-Yle 대한치주과학회 2003 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.33 No.2

Recent study on the enamel matrix derivatives explained on the effects of new bone and new attachment formation in infrabony pocket of periodontal defects. The purpose of this study was to investigate on the biological effects of enamel matrix derivatives to attachment, proliferation and activation of periodontal ligament and osteoblast cells, After treatment of osteoblast and PDL cells with various Emdogain concentration level(0.03${\mu}g$/ml, 3${\mu}g$/ml, 300${\mu}g$/ml), activation of osteogenetic factor, calcified nodule formation and measuring alkaline phosphatase activity(ALP) were performed. 1. Both osteoblast and PDL cell showed increasing initial cell attachment with 300${\mu}g$/ml Emdogain concentration. 2. At the level of 300${\mu}g$/ml, accelerated proliferation of oseoblast and PDL cell was appeared. 3. As Emdogain's concentration increased, increased ALP activation of osteoblast was shown. In case of PDL cell, Emdogain increased ALP activation prominently at the level of 300${\mu}g$/ml. 4. No statistically significant activating change were founded at all of the concentrations of Emdogain on the activating of transcript factor Runx2 for differentiating osteoblast. 5. At the level of 300${\mu}g$/ml, calcified nodule formation was increased prominently to compare with other concentration. These results indicated that Emdogain should activate initial attachment, proliferation and activation, but not on Runx2 activation and can be used for useful tool of the treatment of periodontal tissue regeneration.

BS금융그룹과 DGB금융그룹

김동운(Kim, Dong-Woon) 한국지역사회학회 2013 지역사회연구 Vol.21 No.4

BS Financial Group, based in Busan, was established in March 2011. Two month later, DGB Financial Group was launched in Daegu. Busan Bank and Daegu Bank were parent organizations of both groups, respectively. By the time the two groups appeared in early 2011, six out of the seven major banks in the capital city had been already transformed into financial holding company systems, while three of the six regional banks had been degraded into subsidiaries of the two major financial groups. The formation of BS and DGB Groups was prompted by this general mood in the financial sector. By adopting the new governance system, both groups were intended to aggressively diversify into new businesses and, thereby, to achieve stronger competitiveness. This study examines, for the first time, how and why the two groups based in non-capital region were formed, how they had expanded their businesses since then, and what the new governance systems looked like in terms of ownership and management.

터널 내 화재발생시 구난역 내의 설계된 환기 시스템 성능에 대한 실험적 연구

김동운(Dong-Woon Kim),이성혁(Seong-Hyeok Lee),유홍선(Hong-Sun Ryou),윤성욱(Sung-Wook Yoon) 한국철도학회 2009 한국철도학회논문집 Vol.12 No.1