대학생 흡연자의 금연경험에 따른 건강신념차이

구정일,김민정,김동희,백정희,안현실,은가희,우혜령,이명희,이수현,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

It has been generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor increasing disease and mortality in human health since in 1950's and nowadays. But regardless of various proofs about social or economical problems due to smoking, current smoking rate has not been decreased in our country. Until now, most of tobacco use and its addiction researches have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers not on the university students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate smoking cessation of university smokers and analyze the health belief-perceived sensitivity, severity, benefits and barriers- difference, then to provide basic data for effective smoking cessation strategy for university smokers. The subjects were comprised of 181 university smokers from 15 universities in Seoul. The data were collected by structured questionaires. The questionaires were designed to measure general characteristics, smoking cessation and health belief, based on Ahn(2003)'s result on the Study of Smoking attitude, Behavior and Smoking Cessation of Adult Male and Lee(1987)'s result on Relationships Between the Health Belief Model and Smoking Habits. The data were collected from May 5 to 16. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. The actual number, percentiles, means, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were done. The result of this study were as follows; 1. The general characteristics of the subjects of this study The range of age was from 18 to 34 and the averaging age was 23. The subjects of this study were 141 males and 40 females. The religions were Christianity 25.4%(46), Buddhism 12.7%(23), Catholic 23.2%(42), no religion 37.0%(67). The residential forms were living with family 59.1%(107), cooking food for oneself 28.7%(52), dormitory 5.0%(9), boarding house 1.7%(3). Smoking starting age were university 43.1 %(78), high school 29.8%(54), middle school 14.9%(27), in the army 6.1 %(11), elementary school 1.1 %(2). 2. The smoking cessation of the subjects 80% of current smokers showed quitting smoking decision and 20% have not tried. The frequency of quitting smoking decision were from 1 to above 8 and mean was 3.06. As for smoking cessation plan, 54.7%(99) current smokers answered yes, 3.9%(7) said no, 35.4%(64) had no idea and 6.1 %(11) didn't answer. As for the reason of never quitting smoking decision, 71.42%(25 among total 35) have no need to quit smoking and the others said difficulty of smoking cessation. As for the main reason of smoking cessation decision, 54.7%(99) answered for the health, 7.2%(13) family advice, 15.5%(28) girl/boy friend's advice, 1.7%(3) to save money. As for the reason to fail smoking cessation, 56.7%(68) were will-lack, 17.5%(21) stress, 15%(18) smoking mood, 10%(12) withdrawl symptom. As for the smoking cessation method, 85.0%(125) were oneself-will, 2.7%(4) way acquired by mass-media, 2%(3) doctor's prescription, 2%(3) religion's help, 0.7%(1) smoking cessation school. As for the difficulty in smoking cessation, 42.2%(62) were drinking meeting, 23.1 %(34) no alternative of stress release, 12.2%(18) withdrawl symptom, 11.6%(17) having nothing to do, 7.5%(11) friend's encouragement. As for the most difficult cigarette to quit, 67.8%(99) were all-day smoking except the first smoking in the morning, 32.2%(47) the first smoking in the morning. 3. Health belief as for general characteristics Gender - The total point in benefits showed higher in male(28.5177) than female(26.6750). There was significant difference(t=.778, p<.05). The total point in health belief showed higher in male (105.8298) than female(l00.5000). So there was significant difference(t=.345, p<.05). Age - There was significant difference in benefits between age(10's-25.83, 20's-28.39, 30's-32.00)(F=3.73, p<.05). Smoking starting age - There was significant difference in total point of sensitivity and health belief(sensitivity F=4.00, p<.Ol, health belief F=2.843, p<.05). As for sensitivity, subjects who started smoking in the army showed the highest(33.36) and ones in high school showed the lowest(26.96). The total point in health belief showed the highest in elementary school(l19.00) and the lowest in high school(100.98). 4. Health belief as for smoking cessation There was significant difference in health belief as for smoking cessation(t=0.189, p=0.OO2). Sensitivity point showed higher in smoking quitting trial smokers(29.2) than non-trial smoker (26.9). Severity point showed higher in trial smokers (30.7) than non-trial smokers(28.9). Benefit point showed higher in trial smokers(28.6) than non-trial smokers(26.2). There was no significant difference in barriers point.

토마토 품종간의 오존 감수성 비교

구자형,원동찬,조정희,신대식 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

Seven cultivars of tomato were exposed to 0.15μL/L ozone for 20 hours to determine differences in sensitivity. Based upon the degree of foliar injury, the highest degree of sensitive cultivars were 'Daehyongboksu' and 'Goangsu'. Four cultivars, 'Goangmyong', 'Pungyoung' and 'Pinkglory' including 'Pinkforcer' were separated into intermediate sensitive group. 'Neabyongjangsu' was the least sensitive of the 7 tomato cultivars tested. The degrees of ethylene production and epinasty of leaves were relatively consistent with the differences of sensitivity to ozone. However, stomatal and trichome density, transpiration rate, and activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were not clearly related to the ozone sensitivity of cultivars.

심부전증에서 Doppler Tissue Image를 이용한 비동시성 심실수축(Myocardial Dyssynchronicity)의 측정 : 심전도와비교 Comparison with EKG

구소영,조구영,한성우,최승혁,박우정,두영철,홍경순,오동진,이영 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.4

크로이츠펠트-야콥 병

구본대,신동익,한현정,나덕렬,,이상복 관동대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2005 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.9 No.1

Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) is one of the fatal prion diseases. Diagnosis of CJD is mainly based on clinical symptomatology of established criteria, characteristic electroencephalogram, specific cerebrospinal fluid protein measurement, prion protein gene analysis, prion protein isoform detection, and neuropathology. But spongiform change of brain pathology is the only definitive diagnosis of CJD. Clinical symptomatology of CJD includes behavioral disturbances, progressive dementia, cerebellar, pyramidal, and extrapyramidal signs. Most patients show progressive myoclonic jerks that involve either limbs or the entire body. The approximate incidence of CJD is 1 per million and occurs as sporadic, familial and iatrogenic forms. Variant CJD has the strong possibility of cross species transmission between human and cow. It has some differences in clinical and pathological aspects from sporadic CJD. Protease resistant prion protein of scrape isoform may lead to diverse neuronal death in CJD. Recent advannces in CJD reveal that apoptosis, proinflammatory cytokine expression and oxidative stress may play an important role of CJD pathogenesis. There areseveral therapeutic trials in CJD but no therapeutic regimensshow effective results. Although there is much progression about CJD in recent days, a lot of things still remained to be reveled.

홧병연구에 대한 검토와 전망

구병수,김동일 東國大學校 1997 東國論叢 Vol.36 No.-

Hwabyung has been well known as form of psychosomatic illness among Korean. But hwabyung does not fit into any category of the traditional oriental medicine and western psychiatry. Common Korean peoples recognize the conception of hwabyung so, we regard it as a Korean culture-bound syndrome. Chiljeung(七情), the emotional stresses are similar to Hwa. And the symptoms of hwabyung are similar to psychosomatic disease, vegetative dystonie and perimenopausal symptoms like hot flush, depression, anxiety, and irritability. We think that Ganul(肝鬱), Shinheu(腎虛) and Shimsinbulgyo(心腎不交) are important pathologic bases of the hwabyung. We expect the cross-cultural study and broad clinical study for hwabyung.

응급실로 내원한 자살 시도자의 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도와 자살 심각도의 상관성

김용구,이헌정,이민수,곽동일 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

연구목적 : 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도의 저하 혹은 이의 치료가 자살, 폭력적 행동, 그리고 우울증과 관련이 있다는 역학적, 임상적 보고들이 대두되었다. 본 연구에서는 첫째, 자살시도후 응급실로 내원한 정신과 환자의 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도가 자살시도가 없었던 정신과 입원환자 혹은 정상대조군에 비하여 감소되어 있는지, 둘째, 진단별로 분류하였을 때 우울증, 정신분열증, 인격장애 환자사이에 유의한 차이가 있는지, 셋째, 자살 심각도와 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도간에 유의한 상관관계가 있는지를 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 1994년 1월부터 1997년 7월까지 자살시도후 응급실로 내원한 정신과 환자 102명을 연구대상군으로 하였으며, 동 기간에 본원 정신과에서 입원 치료를 받은 자살시도가 없었던 환자 중 대상군과 나이, 성별, 진단을 일치시킨 102명의 환자대조군과 무작위로 102명의 정상 대조군을 선택하였다. 자살시도자는 자살의 심각도에 따라 5단계군으로 분류하였다. 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도는 효소법에 의한 자동분석기로 측정되었다. 연구결과 : 자살시도 환자군이 자살시도가 없었던 환자군과 정상대조군에 비해 콜레스테롤 농도의 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 진단적으로 구분해서 살펴보면, 우울증에서는 이런한 차이가 유의하였으나, 정신분열병과 인격장애에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 낮은 콜레스테롤 농도는 자살시도의 심각도와 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과는 콜레스테롤 농도의 저하가 자살시도의 위험을 증가시킨다는 이전의 주장들을 지지 해주는 결과로 사료된다. 이러한 관련성이 정신분열병이나 인격장애에서는 없었으나, 우울증에서만 있었다. 이는 낮은 콜레스테롤 농도와 자살행동사이의 연관성이 우울증에서 보이는 생물학적 기전과 관련이 있을 가능성을 제기하고 있다. 우울증에서 콜레스테롤 농도의 저하는 세로토닌, 인터루킨-2 그리고 멜라토닌 대사와 관련될 수 있다. Objectives : Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that low cholesterol levels or clinical trials to reduce cholesterol concentrations may be associated with suicide, violent behavior or depression. The aim of the present study was to determined ⅰ) whether suicidal psychiatric patients is characterized by decreased serum cholesterol concentration ;ⅱ) whether significant difference of cholesterol levels might be present according to the psychiatric diagnosis, and ⅲ) whether significant association between suicide severity and cholesterol levels might be present. Method : The subjects were 102 psychiatric patients who were admitted to emergency ward following an attempted suicide during the period from January 1994 to July 1997 and 102 age, and sex matched psychiatric controls who were consecutively admitted to a psychiatric ward during the same period, and 102 age, sex matched healthy normal controls. The suicide attempters were divided into 5 grades according to the suicide severity. Serum cholesterol concentrations were measured by a enzymatic method. Results : The serum cholesterol level in suicidal attempters were found to be significantly lower compared with both psychiatric and normal controls. This significant relationship between suicidal attempt and low cholesterol level was observed only in depressive patients, but not in schizophrenics or personality disorder patients. Low cholesterol was significantly associated with the severity of the suicide. Conclusions : These results support the previous finding that low cholesterol level might be associated with an increased risk of suicide. The fact that the significant relationship was observed only in depressive disorder, but not in schizophrenia or personality disorder raises the possibility that the association between low serum cholesterol and suicidal behavior may have relevance to biological mechanisms in depression. It is hypothesized that low cholesterol levels would be associated with depression by modifying the serotonin, the production of interleukin-2 and melatonin metabolism.

Poly(p-bromostyrene)의 환원반응

李東鎬,具承榮 慶北大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.39 No.-

The reduction reaction of poly(p-bromostyrene) with the reducing system, bis(cyclopen tadienyl) titanium dichloride (Cp_2TiCl_2) and isopropyl magnesium bromide (i-PrMgBr) has been studied. This reducing system was very efficient in the reduction of polymer containing bromines as well as vinyl and aryl bromides. The structure of polymer assumed to be changed during the reaction with the observation that the viscosity of reacted polymer increased with conversion. The reduction rate of poly(p-bromostyrene) was found to be second order against both the concentration of Cp_2TiCl_2 and i-PrMgBr. The conversion was found to be decreased with increasing the concentration and the molecular weight of poly(p-bromostyrene). The activation energy obtained from the Arrhenius plot has been found to be 12K㎈/mole.

높은 입체선택성을 나타내는 고리카보네이트의 친핵성 치환반응과 광학활성인 β-Hydroxy Ester의 합성

강석구,박동철,노호식,윤승현,홍덕표 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

The nucleophilic ring opening of the cyclic carbonates of optically active threo-2,3-dihydroxy esters afforded α-substituted β-hydroxy esters with highly regio- and stereoselectivity under mild conditions. The α-substituted β-hydroxy esters were transformed to β-hydroxy esters

조밀작용성을 가지는 변환군

주진구,지종선,이동수 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1978 學術硏究誌 Vol.5 No.2

The dense action property in topological transformation groups is introduced in this paper. This is a special property of the topological phase group on the phase space in a given transformation group. Some relationships between transformation groups with the dense action property and homomorphisms are described. It is shown that every homomorphism of a transformation group (X, O(n)) onto (S^(n-1)-: O(n)) is open and every homomorphism of (X, SO (n)) onto (S^(n-1), SO (n)) is also open, n>1.

(+)-Eldanolide의 합성에 관한 연구

강석구,이동하,이정민 성균관대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.41 No.2

출발물질로 D-타타르산 사용하여 (+)-eldanolide의 합성을 연구하였다. 이 합성에서의 중요반응은 온도를 -78℃→0℃로 하여 lithium diisopropylamide 사용하여 (2R, 3R)-1-chloro-2,3-isopropylidenedioxy-6-methy-5-heptene을 탈수소-제거반응시켜 중요한 반응 중간체인 (3R)-6-methyl-heptyn-5-en-3-ol을 합성하는 것이다. Synthetic approach to (+)-eldanolide from D-tartaric acid as starting material is described. They key reaction is the deprotonation-elemination reaction of (2R, 3R)-1-chloro-2, 3-isopropylidenedioxy-6-methyl-5-heptene with lithium diisopropylamide at -78℃→℃ and the key intermediate is (3R)-6-methyl-heptyn-5-en-3-ol.