1894년 동학농민전쟁에 대한 문명론적 인식의 형성과 성격

홍동현 ( Hong Dong Hyun ) 역사문제연구소 2011 역사문제연구 Vol.15 No.2

The peasantry uprising that originated in the Gobu area in 1894, was soon joined by the Dong`hak party members and continued to spread throughout the entire country. It was very well organized, and its political moto of “Protecting the Country, and therefore Appeasing the Public(`輔國安民`)” was quite clear and strong. The moto itself clearly distinguished the 1894 uprising from any other revolt that had come before. Yet the Joseon government still perceived it as a mere `revolt,` caused by the malpractices and wrong doings of corrupted local officials. The government wished to resolve the uprising by agreeing to some of their demands,while also apprehending the leaders to neutralize their forces. On the other hand, the Gab`o Regime which seized power in June of 1894, defined this uprising as an attempted political coup staged by the Dong`hak party which tried to overthrow the government. The regime intended to delay the peasantry armies` another uprising, by expelling all the Min-house members from the government and then reinviting King Gojong`s father Regent Dae`weon-gun. Yet the Japanese decided to intervene in Joseon affairs at this juncture, and the Dong`hak Peasantry army started to engage in a second uprising. So the Gab`o regime decided to suppress them. Yet interestingly enough, the reason they claimed for suppressing the peasants, was that the Dong`hak party was preventing the Joseon society from reaching a “civilized and enlightened state.” Then the Gab`o Regime made a formal request to the Japanese for `military assistance.` It was more than a blatant cooperation between the Gab`o Regime and the Japanese, of which the latter committed massive slaughtering of the Dong`hak members, who were labelled as `enemies of the civilization,` by its own government. After the Dong`hak Peasantry war was ended, members of the Gab`o Regime interrogated the leaders of the Dong`hak Peasantry army themselves, and also directly issued their own sentences, through trials they arranged to propagate how and why the Joseon people should be enlightened, specifically in the way that fit their agenda. In the process,they claimed that the first uprising was what necessitated the establishment of the Gab`o Regime and gave birth to its reform plans. They also denounced the second uprising`s moto of “Repelling the Japanese and Promoting Righteousness(斥倭倡義)” as a threat to a `civilized society.` They even painted the Dong`hak leaders as a `political victim` of the `uncivilized Joseon society,` and tried to erase the sacrifices made by the Dong`hak soldiers, from the memories of the Joseon population. This newly established image of the Dong`hak Peasantry war based upon the idea of `Pursuing a Civilized and Enlightened State,` later continued to be reproduced again and again, by newspapers like 「Dok`rib Shinmun(“The Independence”)」 and 「Mae`il Shinmun」, which were all founded to supposedly `enlighten the public.` These two newspapers portrayed the Dong`hak Peasantry war as a `barbaric incident` that happened out of the `uncivilized` Joseon situation, and also as an `unfortunate accident` that should be avoided at all cost, for the Koreans to advance into an enlightened state. As this idea of ``pursuing civilization`spreaded throughout the Joseon society, the Dong`hak Peasantry war came to be considered as a movement that was bent upon boycotting exterior influence just for the sake of it, and as a movement that felt perfectly comfortable in retaining a toadeating attitude, while viciously opposed to the values of civilization and enlightenment.

1894년 일본 언론의 동학농민전쟁 인식 ― 『시사신보(時事新報)』와 『국민신문(國民新聞)』을 중심으로

홍동현 ( Hong Dong Hyun ) 역사문제연구소 2010 역사문제연구 Vol.14 No.2

In 1894 the Japanese media provided an image of the Dong`hak Peasantry war for the Colonial Historians during the Japanese Occupation period. (Shisa Shinbo/時事新報( and (Gukmin Shinmun/國民新聞( in particular presented a view based upon the concept of modern civilization,and therefore formed an image of both the Dong`hak Peasantry war and the Peasantry troops. Their point of view considered Japan as a civilized country, and they perceived Joseon as a primitive country that was threatening the peace in East Asia. They also recognized the Dong`hak Peasantry war accordingly as well, as an evidence testifying to the primitive nature of the Joseon society. In short, they figured that an isolated disturbance which would have been quickly resolved as a mere happening in Japan was rather amplified in a primitive country and became in Joseon a political insurrection, an uncomplicated political incident caused not by a revolutionary political agenda but by a mere political instability that occurred inside the Joseon government. The press also demanded that Joseon be reformed after the Jeonju Truce, and emphasized the prospected role of civilized Japan in all that,and then defined the Dong`hak Peasantry troops as `good civilians.` In their eyes, the Dong`hak Peasantry war broke out because of a political instability, so when Joseon would finally be reformed, all those good people would stand down eventually. We can see that they were not perceiving the participants in the war as people who had a firm political agenda. They were seeing them only as people who had mere frustration and grudges against the government. The Japanese also argued that even the Japanese had to suppress the conservative voices which tried to block political progress, and then legitimized the Japanese troops` crushing of the Peasantry troops, as an act of aiding Joseon in its civilization process. As we can see, in 1894 the Japanese press perceived the Dong`hak Peasantry war in the context of Joseon`s own condition that was supposedly `not yet civilized,` and they defined the Dong`hak Peasantry troops essentially as the enemy of civilization. Such point of view,considering the concept of civilization above all else, was adopted by the Colonial Historians` study of the Dong`hak Peasantry war as well, during the Japanese occupation period.

코어안정화운동, 동방요법 및 병행처치가 골반변위에 따른 좌골신경통에 미치는 영향

김동호(Kim, Dong-Ho),김상현(Kim, Sang-Hyun),김성남(Kim, Sung-Nam),김재철(Kim, Jae-Cheol) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of core stability exercise, dong-bang therapy, and combined treatment on reducing pain, pelvic correction and stress hormone concentration in patients suffering from sciatic neuralgia due to pelvic displacement. Middle aged(40~50age) suffering from sciatic neuralgia over 6 months were operated with core stability exercise, dong-bang therapy, and combined treatment 3 times a week for 12 weeks. VAS and X-ray was performed to collect pain scales and pelvic displacement data and cortisol and epinephrine concentration in blood were tested. 1. pain scale rate was reduced in all groups. especially, dong-bang therapy group and combined treatment group showed more directive pain reduce. 2. pelvic displacement improvement was not significant in core stability exercise group, and it was significant in dong-bang therapy group and combined treatment group. no significant difference was shown between dong-bang therapy group and combined treatment group. however, combined treatment group showed higher correction effect. 3. concentration of stress hormone was significantly increased in all groups after the first operation. after 12 weeks concentration level was reduced to same level before treatment. Dong-bang therapy and combined treatment improve pelvic displacement, and are effective treatments on reducing sciatic neuralgia due to pelvic displacement. combined treatment of dong-bang treatment and core stability exercise is considered an effective program of correction for pelvic displacement and maintenance.

Bioequivalence Evaluation of Two Brands of Cefixime 100 mg Capsule (Suprax and Alpha-Cefixime) in Korean Healthy Volunteers

( Dong Hyun Choi ),( Jin Pil Burm ) 한국응용약물학회 2007 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.15 No.3

Cefixime is an orally absorbed cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria and is highly resistant to beta-lactamase degradation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cefixime capsules, Suprax capsule (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., reference drug) and Alpha-Cefixime capsule (Alpha Pharmaceutical Co., test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-four normal subjects, 23.5±3.72 years in age and 68.3±8.89 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. There was one week washout period between the doses. After one capsule containing 100 mg of cefixime was orally administered, plasma was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cefixime in plasma were determined using HPLC with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC(t), C(max) and T(max) were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC(t), C(max) and T(max) between two products were -3.91%, -2.23% and -3.18%, respectively, when calculated against the reference drug. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log0.8≤δ≤log1.25 (e.g., log0.8786≤δ≤log1.0523 and log0.8889≤δ≤log1.0512 for AUC(t) and C(max), respectively). The 90% confidence intervals using untransformed data was within ±20% (e.g., -10.37%≤δ≤6.73% for T(max)). All parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Alpha-Cefixime capsule (Alpha Pharmaceutical Co.) is bioequivalent to Suprax capsule (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co.).

장내세균에 의한 천연약물성분의 대사와 생리활성변화

Kim, Dong-Hyun 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Dong-Hyun KIM. Department of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Metabolism of herbal medicines by human intestinal bacteria and their relation to biological activities. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 76-81, 1999.-Food and oriental drugs orally administered come inevitabley in contact with intestinal bacterial microflora in gut. The components in food and drug are digested in the gut and absorbed from the alimentary tract via portal vein and then delivered to target sites or detoxificated in the liver. Therefore, intestinal microflora play significant roles in pharmacological activity of herbal medicines. However, such metabolic studies are very seldom compared with the studies with liver, kidney, lung and other organs, because numbers and species of anaerobic bacteria are huge and biochmcial studies on aerobes were difficult. We have osbserved that biologically active components of several herbal mrfivinrd, medicines, glycyrrhizin, poncirin, puerarin and quercitrin, are metabolized to some compounds by intestinal microflora and biological activities(cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines, anti-platelet aggregation activity, anti-Helicobacter pylori) of their metabolites had the potent activity than those of the original components from herbal medicines. Futhermore, the metabolism of these component was regulated by the herbal medicines composing polyprescription of Oriental medicines should be composed to express the pharmacological effect of the active component.

[P8-108] In vitro and Cellular Antioxidant Activities of Smilax China Extracts

Dong―Su Kim,Chong-Ik Kim,Gyo-Nam Kim,Hyun-Mi Jeong,Hae-Dong Jang 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2007 No.10

편마비 환자의 정상측과 마비측의 비복근 운동점에서의 근육 두께 차이

김동건,도현경,김현동,황지선,정규영,정호중 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.1

Objective : To investigate any difference of muscle thickness in the motor points of the gastrocnemius between the paretic and non-paretic legs in hemiplegics. Method : Ultrasonography was used to assess in vivo the gastrocnemius muscle thickness at the motor points in the paretic and non-paretic legs of twenty-four patients with stroke. Results : Muscle thickness at the motor points were reduced in the paretic legs compared to the non-paretic legs (p<0.05). There was no correlation between muscle thickness and duration of hemiplegia, site of hemiplegia. However, it did not take regular pattern of the muscular atrophy in the paretic legs. Conclusion : The gastrocnemius muscle of the paretic leg had smaller thickness compared with the non-paretic leg. The present results indicate that paresis in hemiplegics may affect the accuracy of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A. Therefore, we recommend ultrasonography for visually controlled, anatomically precise injection of botulinum toxins.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

라인케 부종의 Videostrobokymography 소견

김광현,성명훈,김동영,이동욱,이상준,이승신,박민현,김정준 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.11

Bioequivalence Evaluation of Two Brands of Cefixime 100 mg Capsule (Suprax and Alpha-Cefixime) in Korean Healthy Volunteers

Choi, Dong-Hyun,Burm, Jin-Pil The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2007 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol. No.

Cefixime is an orally absorbed cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria and is highly resistant to beta-lactamase degradation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cefixime capsules, Suprax capsule (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., reference drug) and Alpha-Cefixime capsule (Alpha Pharmaceutical Co., test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-four normal subjects, $23.5{\pm}3.72$ years in age and $68.3{\pm}8.89$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. There was one week washout period between the doses. After one capsule containing 100 mg of cefixime was orally administered, plasma was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cefixime in plasma were determined using HPLC with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two products were -3.91%, -2.23% and -3.18%, respectively, when calculated against the reference drug. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of $log0.8{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}log1.25$ (e.g., $log0.8786{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}log1.0523$ and $log0.8889{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}log1.0512$ for $AUC_{t}$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals using untransformed data was within ${\pm}20%$(e.g., $-10.37%{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}6.73%$ for $T_{max}$). All parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Alpha-Cefixime capsule (Alpha Pharmaceutical Co.) is bioequivalent to Suprax capsule (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co.).