[A Story by Chang Dok-jo] Thirty Years

Chang Dok-jo,Z?ng In-s?p(번역자) The Academy of Korean Studies 1969 Korea Journal Vol.9 No.8

무인자동 일사측정시스템의 개발 및 독도에서의 성능평가

이태규(Lee Tai K),조서현(Cho Suh H),조덕기(Jo Dok K),오정무(Auh P.Chungmoo) 한국태양에너지학회 1991 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.3

우리나라의 오지 또는 섬 등지에 태양에너지 이용기기의 설치는 대체에너지 이용차원에서도 실현되어야 할 분야이다. 이러한 태양에너지 이용기기의 설계를 위한 필수자료는 신뢰성 있는 일사량의 측정 및 그의 분석이다. 그러나 국내에는 15개 지역에 일사량을 측정할 수 있는 시스템에 설치되어 있지만 전력수급이 쉽지 않은 오지에서의 정확한 일사자원의 평가는 불가능하다.<br/> 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 무인자동일사량 측정시스템(KIER 시스템)을 개발하여 기존의 HWS 시스템과 같이 우리나라의 독도에 설치하여 그 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과 절대오차가 3% 내외로 신뢰도가 높았으며, 1989년 10월 부터 8개월 동안의 전 일사량의 평균치는 약 2,300W/㎡ day로 독도에서 태양에너지 이용시스템의 설치 및 활용가능성이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 KIER 시스템은 앞으로 독도 이외의 오지지역에도 설치를 추진할 예정이다. There are fifteen solar radiation measurement stations over the entire country in Korea. However, they are not capable of supplying reliable solar radiation data for remote areas including islands. The un-manned automated insolation measurement station is suitable for these areas due to the electric power shortage and the maintenance problems at these isolated areas. Our main aim in this work is to develop a solar radiation measurement system which collects and stores data by itself utilizing a PV module and a battery as power source for entire system irregardless of the environmental condition.<br/> A developed KIER's prototype system along with an independent HWS reference system has been installed at the designated remote island, Dok-do. Global solar radiation has been measured every hour for a 6-month period of time by both systems at this site. A comparison between the measured solar radiation data by each system indicates that there is an excellent agreement showing average 3.0% of an absolute error. It has been observed that the 8-month average global solar radiation was 2,330 W/㎡ day at this island. We came to the conservative conclusion that the developed KIER system is applicable for measuring solar radiation and for supplying reliable fundamental design data for solar energy utilization system at the remote areas.

삼상유동층의 수력학적 특성 : 혼합 입자층의 층 공극율 및 흐름변환 특성

김덕찬,전재호 서울市立大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

Minimum fluidized velocity, bed prosity and transition of binary mixed solids were measured in three phase fluidized beds. Single and binary mixture of solids varying in size have been investigated. Experiments were carried out in column made of plexiglass, 10cm in diameter and 190cm high. Three phase fluidized beds were consisted of tap water, oil free compressed air and glass beads of single and different particle size. The gas superficial velocity ranged from 2.0 to 8.0cm/s and liquid velocity from 2.0 to 10.0cm/s. Single and six combinations of glass beads of 1.2, 2.1, 2.7 and 3.8mm in diameter were employed. The following results were drawn from this study. (1) In binary mixture systems, minimum fluidized velocity and bed prosity close to that of the bed composed of a single large particle size, as the weight fraction of large particles increase. (2) Minimum fluidized velocity and bed porosity decrease with increasing the gas superficial velocity. The bed contrantion was larger when the particle size was smaller than 2.7mm at gas injection. (3) In liquid fluidized beds, binary mixed particle system was incomplete segregation state, while in gas-liquid-solid fluidized beds was in complete intermixing state. (4) The transition of binary mixed solids was not observed obviously. (5) Minimum fluidization velocity and bed porosity were correlated in terms of gas velocity and terminal velocity. ??

順天地域의 삼설양굿 調査硏究

崔德源,鄭漢基,任成來,奇世官 順天大學校 1983 論文集 人文社會科學篇 Vol.2 No.-

We can say Shamanism is the Korean religious Phenominon from ancient times. In addition, foreign religions had been brought in Korea and they had intermixed on the substructure of shamanism and then a new folk religion has been formed. We, human beings, who have blessed that we remove evil, call happiness, treat a desease, invoke a good harvest, invoke having a son and the dead enter into paradise from old times, have been relied upon the ritual of shamanism for our existential problem, but the Mu-dang(Gut: which is a ritual performed by a shaman) of traditional folk customs is now gradually going out of sight and even the historical meaning and function are becoming forgotten. In Chonnam district, Sam-sol-yang Gut in which a shaman puts on a mask like a ghost-face, sings and performs a dramatic Gut(or, a dramatic ritual), was widely prevalent, but it is difficult to see the unique Mu-gut(or, shamanistic ritual) in these days. By good luck have we found that Sam-sol-yang Gut remaining only in Sunchon district is being performed by a hereditary shaman. This is the shaman who has been inherited since six generations and has a Dang-Gol Pan in Sunchon district. Sam-sol-yang Gut is a hereditary shaman song type and a Mu-gut which prays for the healing of a mental patient by the help of god. We think this Gut becomes good data in examining the shamanistic religions and its chant and the story about god are the works which drives away devils and have a lyric structure. The purpose of this paper is to supply the classical literature and the folklore and the like with several shamanistic data and is to study the interpretation of the shaman song, its rhythm and the structure of the ritual and the god's response and peculiarity of the Mu-gut so as to examine the original thoughts and trace the meaning to its origin as we should have carried into the fieldwork of Sam-sol-yang Gut. And also the result of this study is very helpful to the ontological interpretation of Korean shamanism and in addition is more meaningful in arranging the transmissive data which are going away.

都市 廢棄物 衛生埋立地에서의 가스發生

金德燦,安承丘,柳明辰 서울市立大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Landfill gas is important to consider when evaluating the effect a landfill may have on the environment, because methane can explode. Thus, for the evaluating the parameters in gas generation from sanitary landfill site of municipal solid waste the generation mechanism was explained by taking into account anaerobic fermentation. Reported value of temperature of landfill site and C/N ratio of waste were in good condition for anaerobic fermentation. Chemical formula of waste of Nanjido disposal site was calculated to be C H O H S from the reported analytical data of chemical composition. By using this formula and predicted amount of waste was calculated to be 8.8x10 m. When using the predicted amount of decomposable components-garbage, paper, textile and wood-it was calculated to be 7.5x10 m. Assuming the decomposing period of those components the quantity of gas production with respect to time (year) was estimated by modifying the Sheldon-Arleta model.

통일독일 문학논쟁 (2) : Botho Strauβ 논쟁 Der Streit um Botho Strauβ

이덕형 독일어문학회 2002 독일어문학 Vol.18 No.-

독일의 교육제도

박덕규 대구효성가톨릭대학교 교육연구소 1994 교육연구논집 Vol.3 No.-

全南地域의 衣ㆍ食ㆍ住에 關한 調査硏究

崔德源 順天大學校 1984 論文集 人文社會科學篇 Vol.3 No.-

북한의 WMD에 대한 인식·접근전략·정책방향

윤덕민 한국전략문제연구소 2004 전략연구 Vol.- No.30

Since the secret HEU program was revealed. North Korea has taken a series of tough measures, from withdrawing from the NPT to threatening a nuclear test, according to the 10-year-old policy of successful brinkmanship. North Korea also urges that, to solve the problem, the US should sign a non-aggression treaty with North Korea The non-aggression treaty is a new demand raised by North Korea during the history of 20 years of negotiation. A close review of these protracted negotiations tells us much about North Korea's intentions. First, North Korea is consistently approaching nuclear armament, step by step, in spite of its several commitments to denuclearization. Whenever they faced an obstacle, they bypassed it. When the patience of the international community wore out, they agreed to give up and then devised another way to continue. The 20 years of negotiations show how surprisingly well North Korea has sticked to a go nuclear policy. North Korean has never given up its ambition. Second, the price of abandonment has gradually escalated in every negotiatioa In the first negotiation in the 1980s, as we have shown above, their demand was mainly military hardware. Next time around, it escalated to the withdrawal of the US tactical nuclear weapons and the suspension of ROK-US annual military exercise, in return for IAEA inspections. And through the first nuclear crisis, it went up to a package settlement in which all their wants were met, including light water reactors, heavy fuel oil, economic aid, political normalization, no use or threat of nuclear weapons and so oa Now, North Korea's position has evolved into demanding a non-aggression treaty with the US. Since expelling inspectors and declaring the resumption of its nuclear weapons program last January, North Korea has been in a position to strategically maneuver its plutonium producing capability. North Korea now stands at the momentous point of nuclear armament. If North Korea fully utilizes its nuclear infrastructure and if we fail to prevent it, North Korea could reach the capacity to produce over 50 bombs per year by 2007, thereby possessing over 200 bombs, equivalent to the number possessed by China by 2010. What is more concerning is that North Korea could emerge as a new nuclear power based on minimal strategic meaning within six months if it decides to. If North Korea decides to reprocess all of its spent fuel rods, it could in theory rapidly acquire 6 to 7 bombs, equivalent to the capacity of South Africa before dismantling. It is meaningless to say that North Korea's intentions are no more than creating a bargaining chip to trade away at the best price since it already has a nuclear infrastructure enabling to build a meaningful nuclear force within a short period of time. Carefully reviewing the 20 years of negotiations with North Korea and its nuclear capability, we find that North Korea has a dual intention to pursue nuclear weapons, while at the same time utilizing it as a bargaining chip to gain political and economic interests. North Korea has sought to keep their options open by pursuing the nuclear weapons program while simultaneously seeking a better relationship with the US, as well as economic aid. It seems that North Korea has sought by all means to become a meaningful nuclear power, in the same way that Pakistan did. But any intention can evolve. North Korea now stands at a crossroads: to have nuclear weapons or to have a viable economy through co-existence with the international community. Kim Jung-il should be agonizing over this cost/benefit analysis. To our surprise, the current behavioral pattern of North Korea since the disclosure of its clandestine HEU program shows a remarkable similarity to that of the first nuclear crisis, specifically after the IAEA demanded a special inspection to clarify suspected waste sites, in early 1993. First, in both cases, North Korea fundamentally contained the activities of the IAEA by withdrawing from the NPT and increasing the ambiguity surrounding its nuclear activities. Secondly, North Korea identically insisted that the hostile policy of the US was responsible for aggravating the situation. Therefore it could dismantle its nuclear program only if the US abandoned its hostile policy. North Korea also demanded direct talks with the US in both cases. Thirdly, demanding a package solution, based on the principle of simultaneous action, is exactly the approach used in both cases. Finally, in order to attain its objectives, North Korea uses high risk brinkmanship and even deliberately creates a crisis. During the first nuclear crisis, North Korea crossed the so-called "red line" by unilaterally extracting spent fuel rods from its reactor. This time, North Korea appears be attempting to reprocess spent fuel rods into plutonium. The fact that North Korea is now modeling itself after the behavioral patterns seen in the first nuclear crisis indicates that it tends to regard its negotiation for achieving the Agreed Framework as a successful model. Under the Agreed Framework, North Korea was able to gain political and economic benefit, as well as to buy time to develop an operational nuclear weapons capability, in spite of temporary limits on the size of its nuclear arsenal. North Korea may seek another Agreed Framework to fulfill its conflicting objectives. North Korea may still believe that a magic formula is possible.

<기억>과 <양심>의 새로운 언어 : 마르틴 발저 논쟁 die Walser-Bubis-Debatte

이덕형 한국독일어문학회 2003 독일어문학 Vol.21 No.-

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird Martin Walsers Sonntagsrede vom 11. 10. 1998 analysiert, die als eine Dankesrede aus Anlass der Verleihung des Friedenspreises des Deutschen Buchhandels gehalten wurde und kurz darauf einen heftigen Literaturstreit ausgelost hat. Im Ganzen geht es in dieser Rede um eine neue Sprache der Erinnerung und des Gewissens. Aus der Sicht Martin Walsers ist jeder ganz allein, was die Erinnerung bzw. das Gewissen angeht, und nichts ist der Erinnerung und dem Gewissen fremder als Symbolik, wie gut sie auch gemeint ist. Offentliche Gewissensakte, wie sie fast jeden Tag in den Medien vorgefuhrt werden, sind nichts anders als eine solche Symbolik. In dieser fur ihn beklemmenden Situation entsteht seine eigene psychische Strategie des "Sichverschließens und Wegschauens". Gegenuber der Dauerprasentation der deutschen Schande in der Vergangenheit fangt er an, sich zu verschließen und wegzuschauen. In einem gewissen Sinne mag es verstandlich sein, dass er als ein angeblich gewissenhafter Schriftsteller so schnell wie moglich in einer "normalen und gewohnlichen Gesellschaft" leben mochte, die nicht mehr von der Erinnerung an die NS-Vergangenheit uberschattet wird. Aber eine der großten Gefahren der "geistigen Brandstiftung" (Ignatz Bubis) durch Martin Walser liegt meines Erachtens darin, dass er als einer der zur Zeit einflussreichsten Schriftsteller in Deutschland spatestens seit seiner Paulskirchenrede nolens volens ein Katalysator geworden ist (oder werden wollte), durch dessen Hilfe Positionen und Ansichten Mit den Worten Uwe Wittstocks gesagt, wird "Walsers Verfahren, durch literarische Skandale und Debatten das Bewusstsein der Nation umkrempeln zu wollen", allmahlich immer riskanter.