EFFECTS OF NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT ON JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT : EXPLORING THE MODERATING INFLUENCE OF ROLE CLARITY

Dheeraj Sharma 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.11

Unlike many occupations, a salesperson’s performance is measured primarily by the extent to which he/she meets weekly, quarterly, and annual objectives. Long-term objectives, such as sales, profit, customer satisfaction, and market share quotas are driven by the achievement of short-term and more frequent quota targets, such as the number of leads generated or the number of sales meetings held. In addition, the sales process itself is defined by the achievement of “steps,” such as identifying prospects, securing meetings, identifying needs, overcoming resistance, and gaining commitment. Consequently, it is important to examine the sales agent’s need for achievement (NFA) and its influence on performance outcomes. To date, the research and anecdotal evidence have produced a few models that examine the outcomes of NFA, each explaining respective aspects of variance (Amyx and Alford, 2005; Riipinen, 1994; Hansemark, 1997). Extant literature in NFA domain provides a support for a link (positive correlation) between NFA and performance (Amyx and Alford, 2005). However, results are mixed concerning NFA’s influence on job satisfaction and organizational commitment (OC). Past literature contends that NFA will positively influence commitment (Steer, 1977; Morris and Snyder, 1979; Sager, 1991). However, in a recent empirically study, NFA was found not to have any significant effect on commitment and satisfaction (Amyx and Alford, 2005). Further, Johnson and Stinson (1975) empirically demonstrated that NFA negatively influence satisfaction. Contrarily, recent studies have argued that NFA positively influences satisfaction (Behrman and Perrault, 1984; Bluen, Barling, and Burns, 1990). An important variable often examined as key intervening variable in examining performance outcomes in management and sales domains is role clarity (Lang, Jeffrey, Bliese, and Adler, 2007). Role clarity is an indicator of the extent to which people understand their fit and purpose within an organization (Netemeyer, Maxham and Pullig, 1990; Fisher and Gitelson, 1983; Jackson and Schuler, 1985). This relative sense of fit and purpose may help explain the mixed results regarding the link between NFA and organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Previous research shows that salespeople with a high NFA perform better than those with a low NFA (Amyx and Alford, 2005). Organizations have a vested interest in retaining higher performing salespeople, and both job satisfaction (JS) and organizational commitment have been linked to retention. Given these relationships and the achievement-oriented nature of the sales job, it is important to understand the relationship, if any, between NFA and two outcome variables, namely, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Specifically, this study first explores direct influence of NFA on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Next, the study investigates how role clarity moderates the influence of NFA on organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

Determination of slip modulus of cold-formed steel composite members sheathed with plywood structural panels

Dheeraj Karki,Harry Far,Suleiman Al-hunity 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.43 No.4

An experimental investigation to study the behaviour of connections between cold-formed steel (CFS) joist and plywood structural panel is presented in this paper. Material testing on CFS and plywood was carried out to assess their mechanical properties and behaviour. Push-out tests were conducted to determine the slip modulus and failure modes of three different shear connection types. The employed shear connectors in the study were; size 14 (6mm diameter) self-drilling screw, M12 coach screw, and M12 nut and bolt. The effective bending stiffness of composite cold-formed steel and plywood T-beam assembly is calculated based on the slip modulus values computed from push-out tests. The effective bending stiffness was increased by 25.5%, 18% and 30.2% for self-drilling screw, coach screw, nut and bolt, respectively, over the stiffness of coldformed steel joist alone. This finding suggests the potential to enhance the structural performance of composite cold-formed steel and timber flooring system by mobilisation of composite action present between timber sheathing and CFS joist.

Phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of the genus artemisia

Dheeraj Bisht,Deepak Kumar,Dharmendra Kumar,Kamal Dua,Dinesh Kumar Chellappan 대한약학회 2021 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.44 No.5

Artemisia and its allied species have beenemployed for conventional medicine in the Northern temperateregions of North America, Europe, and Asia for thetreatments of digestive problems, morning sickness, irregularmenstrual cycle, typhoid, epilepsy, renal problems, bronchitismalaria, etc. The multidisciplinary use of artemisiaspecies has various other health benefi ts that are related toits traditional and modern pharmaceutical perspectives. Themain objective of this review is to evaluate the traditional,modern, biological as well as pharmacological use of theessential oil and herbal extracts of Artemisia nilagirica,Artemisia parvifl ora, and other allied species of Artemisia. It also discusses the botanical circulation and its phytochemicalconstituents viz disaccharides, polysaccharides,glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and carotenoids. The plants have diff erent biological importance likeantiparasitic, antimalarial, antihyperlipidemic, antiasthmatic, antiepileptic, antitubercular, antihypertensive, antidiabetic,anxiolytic, antiemetic, antidepressant, anticancer, hepatoprotective,gastroprotective, insecticidal, antiviral activities, andalso against COVID-19. Toxicological studies showed thatthe plants at a low dose and short duration are non or lowtoxic. In contrast, a high dose at 3 g/kg and for a longer durationcan cause toxicity like rapid respiration, neurotoxicity,reproductive toxicity , etc. However, further in-depth studiesare needed to determine the medicinal uses, clinical effi cacyand safety are crucial next steps.

Leiomyosarcoma, a Nonurothelial Bladder Tumor: A Rare Entity With Therapeutic Diversity

Dheeraj Kumar Gupta,Vishwajeet Singh,Rahul Janak Sinha,Vijay Kumar,Deepak Sharanappa Nagathan,Satya Narayan Sankhwar 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.6

A 22-year-old young woman presented with dysuria and lower urinary tract symptoms that had persisted for 6 months. She was diagnosed with a tumor near the bladder neck. Transurethral resection was done under anaesthesia. The histopathological examination with immunohistochemical staining showed the tumor to be a low-grade leiomyosarcoma. Adjuvant chemoradiation was given, and the patient has been doing well for 12 months of follow-up. Nonurothelial tumors of the bladder are rare and consensus is lacking regarding their definitive treatment. Furthermore, little is known about the natural history and prognosis of this type of bladder sarcoma. We present a minimally invasive treatment for this relatively rare tumor in which bladder preservation was achieved with no evidence of local or distant recurrences during the follow-up to date.

Periodic surface homeomorphisms and contact structures

Dheeraj Kulkarni,Kashyap Rajeevsarathy,Kuldeep Saha 대한수학회 2024 대한수학회지 Vol.61 No.1

In this article, we associate a contact structure to the conjugacy class of a periodic surface homeomorphism, encoded by a combinatorial tuple of integers called a marked data set. In particular, we prove that infinite families of these data sets give rise to Stein fillable contact structures with associated monodromies that do not factor into products to positive Dehn twists. In addition to the above, we give explicit constructions of symplectic fillings for rational open books analogous to Mori's construction for honest open books. We also prove a sufficient condition for the Stein fillability of rational open books analogous to the positivity of monodromy for honest open books due to Giroux and Loi-Piergallini.

EFFECTS OF NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT ON JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: EXPLORING THE MODERATING INFLUENCE OF ROLE CLARITY

Dheeraj Sharma 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Unlike many occupations, a salesperson’s performance is measured primarily by the extent to which he/she meets weekly, quarterly, and annual objectives. Long-term objectives, such as sales, profit, customer satisfaction, and market share quotas are driven by the achievement of short-term and more frequent quota targets, such as the number of leads generated or the number of sales meetings held. In addition, the sales process itself is defined by the achievement of “steps,” such as identifying prospects, securing meetings, identifying needs, overcoming resistance, and gaining commitment. Consequently, it is important to examine the sales agent’s need for achievement (NFA) and its influence on performance outcomes. To date, the research and anecdotal evidence have produced a few models that examine the outcomes of NFA, each explaining respective aspects of variance (Amyx and Alford, 2005; Riipinen, 1994; Hansemark, 1997). Extant literature in NFA domain provides a support for a link (positive correlation) between NFA and performance (Amyx and Alford, 2005). However, results are mixed concerning NFA’s influence on job satisfaction and organizational commitment (OC). Past literature contends that NFA will positively influence commitment (Steer, 1977; Morris and Snyder, 1979; Sager, 1991). However, in a recent empirically study, NFA was found not to have any significant effect on commitment and satisfaction (Amyx and Alford, 2005). Further, Johnson and Stinson (1975) empirically demonstrated that NFA negatively influence satisfaction. Contrarily, recent studies have argued that NFA positively influences satisfaction (Behrman and Perrault, 1984; Bluen, Barling, and Burns, 1990). An important variable often examined as key intervening variable in examining performance outcomes in management and sales domains is role clarity (Lang, Jeffrey, Bliese, and Adler, 2007). Role clarity is an indicator of the extent to which people understand their fit and purpose within an organization (Netemeyer, Maxham and Pullig, 1990; Fisher and Gitelson, 1983; Jackson and Schuler, 1985). This relative sense of fit and purpose may help explain the mixed results regarding the link between NFA and organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Previous research shows that salespeople with a high NFA perform better than those with a low NFA (Amyx and Alford, 2005). Organizations have a vested interest in retaining higher performing salespeople, and both job satisfaction (JS) and organizational commitment have been linked to retention. Given these relationships and the achievement-oriented nature of the sales job, it is important to understand the relationship, if any, between NFA and two outcome variables, namely, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Specifically, this study first explores direct influence of NFA on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Next, the study investigates how role clarity moderates the influence of NFA on organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

Bilateral anterior dislocation in the hips: a case report

Makkar Dheeraj,Sauhta Ravi 대한외상학회 2023 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

The hip is a stable ball-and-socket joint. Bilateral anterior dislocations of the native hip joints account for fewer than 1% of all dislocations. We present a unique case of a bilateral anterior dislocation in a patient who presented to our institution within 6 hours of trauma. The dislocations were promptly reduced under propofol anesthesia in the operating room. The patient did not suffer a concurrent fracture. After the procedure, we performed regular X-ray examinations for 2 years to rule out the development of avascular necrosis of the head of the femur. The course of the patient was unremarkable.

Carbon nanodots: recent advances in synthesis and applications

Chauhan Dheeraj Singh,Quraishi M. A.,Verma Chandrabhan 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.7

Due to their fascinating properties, there is a rise in the critical consideration of carbon-based nanomaterials in a plethora of applications. Carbon nanomaterials, such as nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and nanodiamonds, have broad applicability and potential research prospects. In the past few years, the developments and consumption of still smaller nanomaterials, namely graphene quantum dots and carbon nanodots or carbon dots (CDs) have been explored. Since carbon as a component exhibits insignificant cytotoxicity and remarkable biocompatibility, CDs have found a wide scope of potential applications. Owing to their fascinating aspects, such as small size, biocompatibility, low toxic nature, environment-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, ease of chemical functionalization, derivatization and surface modification, and photoluminescence tenability, CDs have been widely acknowledged. CDs have found major prospects in the areas of catalysis, sensors, and optical and bio-related applications. CDs are generally synthesized by employing techniques of pyrolysis, laser ablation, arc discharge, electrochemical method; hydrothermal and solvothermal techniques; and microwave and ultrasonic irradiations. This review article presents a brief account of the major properties of CDs, and applications, with particular emphasis on the green and environment-friendly synthesis methodologies. An overview of the microwave and ultrasound irradiation-induced syntheses for the preparation of CDs is presented in the light of green chemistry principles. In addition, some of the green and environmentally benign precursors for the production of CDs are outlined. The most recent work on CDs is included in this review article.

Drude weight anisotropy in the doped iron pnictides: The primary role of orbital weight redistribution along the reconstructed Fermi surfaces

Singh, Dheeraj Kumar,Majumdar, Pinaki American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. B Vol.98 No.19

Charge Order Induced in an Orbital Density-Wave State

Singh, Dheeraj Kumar,Takimoto, Tetsuya Physical Society of Japan 2016 Journal of the Physical Society of Japan Vol.85 No.4