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( Deded Sarip Nawawi ),( Andita Maria ),( Rizal Danang Firdaus ),( Istie Sekartining Rahayu ),( Adesna Fatrawana ),( Fadlan Pramatana ),( Pamona Silvia Sinaga ),( Widya Fatriasari ) 한국목재공학회 2023 목재공학 Vol.51 No.2
Densification is an effective method for improving the physical and mechanical properties of low-density wood. However, the set-recovery of dimensions was found to be the problem of densified wood due to low fixation during the densification process. Alkali pretreatment before densification is thought to be a modification process to improve the dimensional stability of densified wood. In this research, the wood samples used were boiled in a 1.25 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at different times, followed by densification for 5 h at 100℃. The alkali pretreatment for 1, 3, and 5 h of boiling increased the dimensional stability of densified woods and anti-swelling efficiency values were 8.52%, 63.24%, and 48.94%, respectively. The boiling of wood in NaOH solution decreased the holocellulose content, as well as lignin to a lesser degree, and a lower crystallinity index was observed. The lower hydroxyl groups and a higher proportion of lignin in treated samples seem to have contributed to the high dimensional stability detected.
General Tendency of Lignin Chemical Structure and its Relation to Reactivity
Yuji Matsumoto,Deded Sarip Nawawi,Satoko Shimizu,Pattaraporn Posoknistakul,Iori Tomoda,Takuya Akiyama,Tomoya Yokoyama 한국펄프·종이공학회 2016 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.10
Hardwood lignins are different from softwood lignins by the presence of syringyl type aromatic nuclei. In addition, there are wide varieties in the structure and amount of hardwood lignins depending on wood species, environment of growing site, portion in the wood, portion in the cell wall, and so on. We have shown that the wide variety of lignin structure and amount can be sorted out by taking the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio as an index. Furthermore, we have also shown that lignin structure can be quantitatively related to the chemical reactivity such as delignification during chemical pulping by taking the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio as an index. In this report, we review our recent achievements about the quantitative relationships between lignin structure and reactivity.
Anatomical Structures and Fiber Quality of Four Lesser-Used Wood Species Grown in Indonesia
( Sari Delviana MARBUN ),( Imam WAHYUDI ),( Jajang SURYANA ),( Deded Sarip NAWAWI ) 한국목재공학회 2019 목재공학 Vol.47 No.5
This study aimed to investigate the anatomical structure and fiber quality of four lesser-used wood species namely Benuang (O. sumatrana), Duabanga (D. moluccana), Pisang Merah (H. hellwigii), and Terap (A. odoratissimus). This study evaluated its suitability for raw material in pulp and paper manufacturing. The anatomical structure was observed macro- and microscopically. Macroscopic structures were observed directly to the wood samples, while microscopic characteristics were observed through microtome specimens. Fiber dimension was measured through macerated specimens and fiber quality was analyzed following the Rachman and Siagian’s method. Results showed that these four timber species have similarity in the indistinct growth ring, diffuse porous in a radial pattern, rounded solitary vessel outline, 1 to 3 cells of ray width, deposits within the rays, fiber length, and cell wall thickness. Differences were found on vessel diameter, vessel grouping, vessel frequency, tyloses existence, type of axial parenchyma, and ray height. Based on fiber length and its derived values, the wood fibers of all species studied are suitable for pulp and paper manufacturing. They belong to the II quality class. The produced pulp and paper would have good quality, especially in tensile, folding, and tear strength. To promote their utilization, silviculture aspect of these four species has to be well understood.
( Muhammad Iqbal Maulana ),( Rio Ardiansyah Murda ),( Byantara Darsan Purusatama ),( Rita Kartika Sari ),( Deded Sarip Nawawi ),( Siti Nikmatin ),( Wahyu Hidayat ),( Seung Hwan Lee ),( Fauzi Febrianto 한국목재공학회 2021 목재공학 Vol.49 No.1
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of alkali-washing with different sodium hydroxide concentrations on the chemical compositions of steam-treated Betung bamboo strand. Strands were subjected to steam treatment at 126 ºC for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure and followed by washing with 1-5% sodium hydroxide solution for 30 sec. The alteration of structural and non-structural chemical components content of bamboo strands was evaluated. Steam and washing treatments with various concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution considerably reduced the extractive content of bamboo strands, and the cell wall chemical components of the strand in the small degree. FTIR analysis showed noticeable changes in peaks related to hemicellulose and lignin. The relative crystallinity increased significantly after steam and washing treatment with sodium hydroxide up to 3% concentration. SEM Images showed smooth and clean strands surface after washing with 3% sodium hydroxide.
( Fauzi Febrianto ),( Dini Lestari ),( Adesna Fatrawana ),( Sena Maulana ),( Rita Kartikasari ),( I Nyoman Jaya Wistara ),( Deded Sarip Nawawi ),( Nam Hun Kim ) 韓國木材工學會 2017 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.1
Dimensional stability and strength of bamboo oriented strand board (BOSB) were much improved when bamboo strands were steamed pre-treated prior to be mixed with adhesive. However, the treatment is still needs to be improved due to some extractives were still accumulated on the surfaces of strands. The objectives of this research were to evaluate physical, mechanical and durability properties of BOSB prepared from modified steam treatment of betung bamboo strand (Dendrocalamus asper) and chemical composition change during the treatment. Three layers of BOSB were prepared and the ratio of surface, core and back layer was set 1:1:1. The strands were steamed at closed tank at certain condition. Some strands were washed with distilled and NaOH 1% solution. Paraffin in amount of 1 % was added. A rotary drum blender was used for mixing the strands and 8% PF adhesive. The mat-form was hot-pressed at 135 ℃ for 10 min at a pressure of 2.5 MPa to fabricate BOSBs. The board was then conditioned for two weeks in a room condition. For comparison, BOSB prepared from strands preserved with 3% borax preservative was also developed. Steam treatment greatly improved dimensional stabilization i.e. water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) and mechanical properties i.e. MOE, MOR and internal bond (IB) of BOSB. Washing strands with NaOH 1% solution after steamed treatment resulted in better improvement of those parameters than washing with distilled water. BOSB resulted from the above modified steam processes also improved its durability against termite attacked. Extractives, holocellulose and lignin of bamboo reduced and pH value and alpha cellulose increased after applying steam. Durability class of BOSB obtained in this experiment was equal with using 3% borax preservative.
Ifosfamide and Doxorubicin Combination Chemotherapy for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Dede, Didem Sener,Aksoy, Sercan,Cengiz, Mustafa,Gullu, Ibrahim,Altundag, Kadri Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5
Background: We assessed the efficacy and toxicity of ifosfamide and doxorubicin combination chemotherapy (CT) regimen retrospectively in Turkish patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: A total of thirty patients who had received cisplatin based chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy as a primary treatment received ifosfamide 2500 $mg/m^2$ days 1-3, mesna 2500 $mg/m^2$ days 1-3, doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 day 1 (IMA), repeated every 21 days. Eligible patients had ECOG PS< 2, measurable recurrent or metastatic disease, with adequate renal, hepatic and hematologic functions. Results: Median age was 47 (min-max; 17-60). Twenty six (86.7 %) were male. Median cycles of chemotherapy for each patient were 2 (range:1-6). Twenty patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. No patient achieved complete response, with nine partial responses for a response rate of 30.0% in evaluable patients. Stable disease, and disease progression were observed in five (16.7%) and six (20.0%) patients, respectively. Clinical benefit was 46.7%. Median time to progression was 4.0 months. Six patients had neutropenic fever after IMA regimen and there were one treatment-related death due to tumor lysis syndrome in first cycle of the CT. No cardiotoxicity was observed after CT and treatments were generally well tolerated. Conclusion: Ifosfomide and doxorubicin combination is an effective regimen for patients with recurrent and metastatic NPC. For NPC patients demonstrating failure of cisplatin based regimens, this CT combination may be considered as salvage therapy.
Dede Taufik,Mikrajuddin Abdullah,Hernawan,Suhanda Sutardi,Rifki Septawendar 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.10
Nanocrystallines of calcia-stabilized zirconia are known to reveal excellent mechanical and high ionic conductivity propertieswhose depend on the calcia concentration. In this work, nanocrystallines of calcia-stabilized zirconia were synthesized fromzircon precursor and 7.5 weight % CaO at 1000 oC, 1200 oC, and 1400 oC. Phase transformation and microstructure evolutionwere investigated by an X-ray diffraction and a scanning electron microscopy. Another un-doped zirconia was also synthesizedfrom the local zircon by following the same procedure for comparison. A fully cubic form of the calcia-stabilized zirconia andcalcium zirconate were obtained at 1200°C having the crystallite sizes ranging from 55 to 87 nm and remained stable at1400 oC. Meanwhile, un-doped zirconia consisted of pure the monoclinic zirconia at 1200 oC and 1400 oC. High agglomerationis found in the calcia-stabilized zirconia particles at 1000 oC, whereas grain boundaries and interconnect are observed at1400 oC. The cubic crystal of zirconia has specific and different finger print characteristics in the infra-red spectrum comparedto the monoclinic zirconia.
Dede J. Sudrajata,Evayusvita Rustam,Nurhasybi,Nurin Widyani,Yulianti,Yupi Isnaini,Popi Aprilianti,Enggal Primananda,Muhammad Zanzibar,Suhartati,Kurniawati P. Putri,Naning Yuniarti,Surono,Vivi 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.2
Direct seeding, a planting technique that has long been applied in restoring degraded land and forest, is often doubted to be successful due to many constrains, both biotic and abi- otic. This study aims to increase the success of direct seeding through the application of seed briquettes, aquasorb treatment and determining the right sowing time for three forest tree species, i.e. Ceiba pentandra, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Calophyllum inophyllum.This study used a randomized block design with two factorials (seed treatments and sowing dates) in each species. Seeds were sown in three blocks in the field according to the sowing time treatments. Each treatment consisted of 10 sowing plots in one block and 5 seeds or seed briquettes in each sowing plot. The results showed that direct seeding when the rain starts to stabilize (ST-2) supported by the use of seed briquettes and the addition of aqua- sorb was able to increase seedling survival, height and root collar diameter of all tested tree species. In general, seed briquettes and the addition of aquasorb provided better seedling survival and growth compared to direct seeding using untreated seeds. C. inophyllum gave higher seedling survival compared to the other two species indicating that this species is very prospective for direct seeding applications due to its high adaptability.