Livestock Odor Dispersion Monitoring Using Numerical Simulation Analysis

크리스티나 ( Cristina Decano ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ),이민형 ( Min-hyung Lee ),강솔뫼,김다인,( Cristina Decano ),( Hyo-hyeog Jeong ) 한국농공학회 2022 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

The use of odor dispersion modeling have gained popularity in recent years due to its capacity to analyze the amount of odor transport in the atmosphere. Especially, this technology allows researchers to determine the appropriate separation distances between the livestock farms and the nearby community. Most of the previously developed models were based on Gaussian dispersion theory which was commonly used in industrial odor dispersion. However, as the Korean Peninsula is comprised of complex topographical conditions, the use of this model becomes limited. To supplement these limitations, this study aimed to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based model to predict odor dispersion and analyze the effect of various environmental factors including wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric stability and ventilation rate. The developed three-dimensional CFD model was validated by comparing the field-measured data with the CFD-computed results. A total of 288 cases scenario were simulated and stored and analyzed using vectors and contours. The simulation results were integrated with forecasting system to predict odor transport. Based on the result analysis, the calculated odour dispersion distance, odor area and odour concentration can significantly vary depending on the scenario being analyzed. From the statistical analysis, the most influential factor that affects odor dispersion includes wind speed and atmospheric stability with a relative weight scale of 43.21% and 22.26%, respectively.

Simulation and Structural Stability Assessment of Greenhouse Roof Snowfall Distribution Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

( Cristina Decano ),( In-bok Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.1

Greenhouse damage caused by heavy snowfall is not only accounted for the low safety factor of the building but also due to its simple and uniform structure. In Korea, very few research that simulates the shape of the snow cover distribution according to various greenhouse structures are done. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the snow cover distribution pattern of various greenhouse types during snowfall and evaluate the influence on the structural stability of each greenhouse to prevent damage and increase its safety. Thus, this study tries to simulate snow pressure and snow cover in greenhouse according to various environmental conditions through CFD simulation and evaluate greenhouse structural stability.

ICT기반의 악취 모니터링을 위한 돈사 악취확산예측 CFD 모델 개발

데카노크리스티나 ( Cristina Decano ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2020 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.1

The odor generated from livestock facilities has become a worldwide issue due to its impacton both humans and the environment. At present, the importance of odor dispersion prediction becomes useful for establishing setback distance between the livestock facilities and nearby communities. With this, several dispersion models were developed to estimate livestock odor dispersion in the atmosphere. However, most dispersion models used sometimes neglected the topographical condition of the target experimental areas due to the difficulties of integrating the terrain into the computational domain and were only applicable for industrial dispersion. This limitation makes the use of some odor dispersion models an unappropriated tool to be used in mountainous and hilly regions such as in the case of South Korea. To account for this, this study developed a three-dimensional model of a standard Korean pig house with complex topography to predict odor dispersion using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Considering that the dispersion distance and the amount of odor emitted from pig houses were influenced by various external factors, the research aimed to analyze the influence of ventilation types, atmospheric stability, wind speed, and wind directions on the movement of odors outside the facilities. The result of the simulation can be integrated with ICT-based daily monitoring of odor emitted from livestock farms.

Life cycle greenhouse gas emission reduction control for livestock production

크리스티나 ( Cristina Decano ),이상연 ( Sang Yeon Lee ),조정화 ( Jeong Hwa Cho ),이민형 ( Min Hyung Lee ),정효혁 ( Hyo Hyeog Jeong ),이인복 ( In Bok Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.1

A substantial reduction in the environmental impacts related to the construction and operation of livestock is needed to adapt to the continuing development of agriculture. In the field of the livestock sector, the environmental impact of producing livestock animals have found to contribute large CO2-eq, SO2-eq and PO4-eq especially for cattle, pigs and poultry. In this study, a review and impact analysis of various odour and GHG mitigation techniques used for the production of livestock animals have been evaluated. The review of literature analysis showed that three major phases have the highest impact on livestock emissions that including feed management, housing management and manure storage and processing. Although the result analysis showed no pattern for each mitigation method, it was identified that the frequency and method of manure removal contributed to the highest global warming potential, accidification potential; and eutrophication for all types of livestock animals considered in the analysis. Especially, the analysis of the result for the three major livestock production showed that global warming potential has highest by 35.12% and 21.75% in cattle production compared to swine and poultry production, respectively. Similarly, in the case of manure management, solid manure was found to emit higher GHG compared to the liquid slurry. These findings match with the result of scenario analysis that showed that utilizing the manure as feedstock for an anaerobic digester has an average of 28.01% lower acidification potential for all the considered livestock animals.

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Heating and Cooling Systems in Greenhouse

크리스티나데카노 ( Cristina Decano ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ) 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

Developed countries such as South Korea are becoming more dependent on protective agriculture due to extreme distinct season that affects annual crop production. To increase the production rate, an optimum environmental condition must be maintained inside the greenhouse through the installation of high-efficiency heating and cooling systems. A heating and cooling system is used to increase or reduce the stored heat inside the greenhouse buildings which is very crucial in maintaining the desired temperature during the extreme seasons. However, heating and cooling systems of greenhouse buildings consumed most energy and the largest source of environmental gas emission for the entire life cycle. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is systematic analysis tool that is widely used to estimate the potential environmental impact of a certain product. If properly incorporated with Building Energy Simulation (BES) results, researchers can determine the environmentally safe and energy efficient heating and cooling system that can be used for greenhouse crop production. Therefore, the objective of this study is use the BES simulated result and LCA to assess the life cycle environmental burdens of different heating and cooling systems for greenhouse production. Specifically, this study attempted to assess the environmental impact of using thermal effluent as a source of energy for the greenhouse and compare it with conventional heating and cooling systems such as electric air conditioning systems and kerosene powered-boilers. Result showed that kerosene powered boiler has the highest acidification potential (kg SO₂-eq), global warming potential (kg CO₂-eq), and eutrophication potential (kg PO₄-eq) of 23.28 - 31.87%, 35.06-67.66%, and 35.67-82.62%, respectively. Similarly, cumulative energy demand (CED) for every functional unit of effluent-powered heat pump was 5,042.1 MJ-eq which is 1.7% and 28.0% lower than cumulative energy demand of electric air conditioning systems and kerosene powered boilers.

Prediction of Pighouse odor dispersion with complex terrain according to various environmental conditions using Computational Fluid Dynamics

크리스티나데카노 ( Cristina Decano ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ),여욱현 ( Ukhyeon Yeo ),하태환 ( Taehwan Ha ) 한국농공학회 2019 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

Odor generated from livestock facilities is becoming a worldwide issue. This is especially true since the production volume of livestock houses are progressively enlarged to sustain the needs of the growing population. As a consequence, the concentration of dispersed odors was significantly intensified providing greater annoyance and serious health concerns to the nearby household. The main objective of the research was to quantify the odor generated from pig house facilities with complex terrain. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool was used in this study to predict odor dispersion considering that it has the capability to integrate wind condition as well as topographical condition to simulate aerodynamic phenomena. The study model was developed with a 2.5km radius, 2.0km height and a 10m mesh resolution. Modules are linked by scheme extension functions into a main computing solver. A field measurement was also taken to determine the initial boundary condition and was used for validating the model. The spreading length and area were calculated depending on various atmospheric stability, wind speed and wind direction. Results revealed that calculated odor dispersion is best represented using the standard k-e turbulence model with 0.997 correlation to the field measured data. The calculated dispersion distance and area was greatest at stable condition with lower wind speed due to the effect of vertical mixing. Finally, quantitative and qualitative analysis found that all the considered factors and the terrain has different influence on odor diffusion.

Evaluation of the zoonotic potential of a novel reassortant H1N2 swine influenza virus with gene constellation derived from multiple viral sources

Lee, J.H.,Pascua, P.N.Q.,Decano, A.G.,Kim, S.M.,Park, S.J.,Kwon, H.I.,Kim, E.H.,Kim, Y.I.,Kim, H.,Kim, S.Y.,Song, M.S.,Jang, H.K.,Park, B.K.,Choi, Y.K. Elsevier Science 2015 INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol.34 No.-

In 2011-2012, contemporary North American-like H3N2 swine influenza viruses (SIVs) possessing the 2009 pandemic H1N1 matrix gene (H3N2pM-like virus) were detected in domestic pigs of South Korea where H1N2 SIV strains are endemic. More recently, we isolated novel reassortant H1N2 SIVs bearing the Eurasian avian-like swine H1-like hemagglutinin and Korean swine H1N2-like neuraminidase in the internal gene backbone of the H3N2pM-like virus. In the present study, we clearly provide evidence on the genetic origins of the novel H1N2 SIVs virus through genetic and phylogenetic analyses. In vitro studies demonstrated that, in comparison with a pre-existing 2012 Korean H1N2 SIV [A/swine/Korea/CY03-1½012 (CY03-1½012)], the 2013 novel reassortant H1N2 isolate [A/swine/Korea/CY0423/2013 (CY0423-12/2013)] replicated more efficiently in differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells. The CY0423-12/2013 virus induced higher viral titers than the CY03-1½012 virus in the lungs and nasal turbinates of infected mice and nasal wash samples of ferrets. Moreover, the 2013 H1N2 reassortant, but not the intact 2012 H1N2 virus, was transmissible to naive contact ferrets via respiratory-droplets. Noting that the viral precursors have the ability to infect humans, our findings highlight the potential threat of a novel reassortant H1N2 SIV to public health and underscore the need to further strengthen influenza surveillance strategies worldwide, including swine populations.

대기확산 모델을 이용한 축산 시설 악취 확산 모의

김다인 ( Da-in Kim ),크리스티나 ( Cristina Decano ),조정화 ( Jeong-hwa Cho ),정효혁 ( Hyo-hyeog Jeong ),박현정 ( Hyun-jung Park ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ) 한국농공학회 2022 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

축산업의 발전으로 가축의 사육 두수가 증가하면서 가축 분뇨의 발생량이 증가하였다. 특히, 2019년 발생한 가축분뇨 중 53.0%가 양돈 산업으로 인해 배출되었다. 돈사에서 배출 가축 분뇨는 축산 악취의 주요 원인으로, 주된 악취발생원은 암모니아와 황화수소이다. 2005년 악취방지법의 시행으로 악취 공정 시험법에서는 악취의 배출 허용 기준을 측정하기 위해 공기 희석 관능법과 기기분석법을 제시하고 있다. 공기 희석 관능법은, 현장에서 채취한 시료를 무취 공기로 단계적으로 희석하여 악취를 느낄 수 없을 때까지의 희석배수로부터 악취의 정도를 정량적으로 판단하는 방법으로, 패널들을 통해 관능평가를 수행하기 때문의 패널들의 전문성이 요구되고, 주관적인 방법이라는 한계점이 있다. 기기분석법은 검지관 및 악취 감지 센서 등을 통해 현장에서 발생하는 악취의 정도를 측정하는 방법으로, 객관적인 데이터를 얻을 수 있지만 직접 현장 실험을 진행해야하기 때문에 시간과 노동력을 감수해야한다. 현재까지 축산악취에 관한 연구는 대부분 축사 내부의 축산 악취를 저감하기 위한 연구가 대부분이었으며, 축산 악취의 외부 확산에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 특히, 풍속, 풍향, 온도 등의 기상 조건은 악취 확산에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 악취 확산 모의시 필수로 고려해야하는 인자 중 하나이다. 대기 확산 모델은 오염 물질의 대기 중 확산 과정을 수치적으로 계산하여 배출원 주위 대기질을 예측하여 대기 환경을 평가하고 오염물질 저감 방안을 마련하는데 활용된다. 현재 환경 영향 평가에서 주로 활용되는 수치모델로는 Gaussian Plume 모델인 AEROMD, Gaussian Puff 모델인 CALPUFF 그리고 Eulerian 격자계를 사용하며 오염물질 보존방정식을 추가한 전산유체역학(Computed Fluid Dynamics, CFD) 등이 있다. 세 모델 간의 확산 모의 방식이 차이를 지니기 때문에 지형과 기상조건을 고려한 모델의 예측 특성을 비교할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 돈사 내부 환경과 기상, 지형 조건을 고려하여 돈사 주위 악취 확산을 측정하고, 대기확산모델(AERMOD, CALPUFF, CFD) 간의 비교를 시행하여 각 모델간 확산 모의 특성을 분석하였다.

대기중 축산악취의 확산 예·경보 시스템 구축을 위한 오픈폼(OpenFOAM) 모델 설계 및 검증

여욱현 ( Uk-hyeon Yeo ),크리스티나데카노 ( Cristina Decano ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ),이상연 ( Sang-yeon Lee ),박세준 ( Se-jun Park ),김준규 ( Jun-gyu Kim ),최영배 ( Young-bae Choi ),조정화 ( Jeong-hwa Cho ),정효혁 ( Hyo-hyeog Jeong ) 한국농공학회 2021 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2021 No.-

대기확산 모델을 이용한 축산 시설 악취 확산 모의

김다인 ( Da-in Kim ),크리스티나 ( Cristina Decano ),조정화 ( Jeong-hwa Cho ),정효혁 ( Hyo-hyeog Jeong ),박현정 ( Hyun-jung Park ),이인복 ( In-bok Lee ) 한국농공학회 2022 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

축산업의 발전으로 가축의 사육 두수가 증가하면서 가축 분뇨의 발생량이 증가하였다. 특히, 2019년 발생한 가축분뇨 중 53.0%가 양돈 산업으로 인해 배출되었다. 돈사에서 배출 가축 분뇨는 축산 악취의 주요 원인으로, 주된 악취발생원은 암모니아와 황화수소이다. 2005년 악취방지법의 시행으로 악취 공정 시험법에서는 악취의 배출 허용 기준을 측정하기 위해 공기 희석 관능법과 기기분석법을 제시하고 있다. 공기 희석 관능법은, 현장에서 채취한 시료를 무취 공기로 단계적으로 희석하여 악취를 느낄 수 없을 때까지의 희석배수로부터 악취의 정도를 정량적으로 판단하는 방법으로, 패널들을 통해 관능평가를 수행하기 때문의 패널들의 전문성이 요구되고, 주관적인 방법이라는 한계점이 있다. 기기분석법은 검지관 및 악취 감지 센서 등을 통해 현장에서 발생하는 악취의 정도를 측정하는 방법으로, 객관적인 데이터를 얻을 수 있지만 직접 현장 실험을 진행해야하기 때문에 시간과 노동력을 감수해야한다. 현재까지 축산악취에 관한 연구는 대부분 축사 내부의 축산 악취를 저감하기 위한 연구가 대부분이었으며, 축산 악취의 외부 확산에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 특히, 풍속, 풍향, 온도 등의 기상 조건은 악취 확산에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 악취 확산 모의시 필수로 고려해야하는 인자 중 하나이다. 대기 확산 모델은 오염 물질의 대기 중 확산 과정을 수치적으로 계산하여 배출원 주위 대기질을 예측하여 대기 환경을 평가하고 오염물질 저감 방안을 마련하는데 활용된다. 현재 환경 영향 평가에서 주로 활용되는 수치모델로는 Gaussian Plume 모델인 AEROMD, Gaussian Puff 모델인 CALPUFF 그리고 Eulerian 격자계를 사용하며 오염물질 보존방정식을 추가한 전산유체역학(Computed Fluid Dynamics, CFD) 등이 있다. 세 모델 간의 확산 모의 방식이 차이를 지니기 때문에 지형과 기상조건을 고려한 모델의 예측 특성을 비교할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 돈사 내부 환경과 기상, 지형 조건을 고려하여 돈사 주위 악취 확산을 측정하고, 대기확산모델(AERMOD, CALPUFF, CFD) 간의 비교를 시행하여 각 모델간 확산 모의 특성을 분석하였다.