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( Dahee Heo ),( Hyun Joo Song ),( Soo Young Na ),( Sun Jin Boo ),( Heung Up Kim ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1
Introduction: Phytobezoars are conglomerates of non-digestible vegetable matter in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that may be insidious or symptomatic with general GI manifestations. There have been only a few case reports of phytobezoars in the literature. We report a rare case of recurrent duodenal stricture and duodenal bezoar which was detected following Billoth I operation for early gastric cancer (EGC). Case Report: A 74-year-old female patient presented at our clinic with a 2-day history of intense epigastric pain. Vomiting developed after water intake, and there was no bowel movement or gas passing. The patient had been diagnosed with EGC through a routine health workup 7 months prior to this presentation. Histopathologic examination of the specimen taken by endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, type I, mucosal cancer (T1aN0Mx). Endoscopic submucosal dissection was indicated for the patient; however, she decided to undergo a laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (Billoth I). One month after the operation, she was diagnosed with anastomosis site stricture and received endoscopic balloon dilatation twice. Plain abdominal X-rays showed that there were dilatation of the stomach and gaseous patterns throughout the bowel. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed an abruptly narrowed transition zone at the junction of the third and the fourth duodenum. At endoscopy, a 3.5-cm phytobezoar was found in the third portion of the duodenum. Endoscopic removal along with coke intake was tried. However, endoscopic removal was incomplete due to the large size of phytobezoar and a narrow endoscopic field. On the seventh hospital day, a third endoscopic trial was performed, but no phytobezoars were detected. She complained of recurrent abdominal pain thereafter. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed a partially destroyed phytobezoar was obstructing the proximal ileum. The phytobezoar was removed through exploratory laparotomy.
Beyond Contrast: additional functions of lax, tense, and aspirated stops in Korean
Dahee Kim 한국중원언어학회 2014 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.33
Linguists have identified various functions that speech sounds fulfill for a successful communication. In phonology, the focus of analysis has typically been on the distinctive function by which speech sounds distinguish lexical meaning. The aim of the current paper is to review studies proposing functions of speech sounds other than the distinctive function and to show how specific speech sounds fulfill these additional functions by focusing on the lax, tense, and aspirated stops in Korean. From corpus analyses and a review of phonological theories, it is suggested that there are potential links between the statistical distributions of sounds (i.e., relative frequency of the members of a contrast) and the function that a certain member of a contrast fulfills. Findings qualify the widely held assumption that occurrence frequency and information are inversely correlated. Considering the additional functions that speech sounds fulfill, a more frequent member of a phonological contrast should be regarded as a source of information regarding segmenting speech stream, rather than conveying less amount of information for speech communication.
Dahee Song,Sunhwa Park,Sang-Ho Jeon,Jong Yeon Hwang,Moonsu Kim,Hun-Je Jo,Deok-Hyun Kim,Gyeong-Mi Lee,Ki-In Kim,Hye-Jin Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4
In this study, we monitored 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane in groundwater samples to determine the detection frequency and their concentrations and evaluated the health risk level considering ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. 75 groundwater wells were selected. 24 wells were from monitoring background groundwater quality level and 51 wells were from monitoring groundwater quality level in industrial or contamination source area. In the results, the detection frequency for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane was 42.3%, 8.1%, 6.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. The average concentrations of VOCs were high in the order of chloroform (1.7 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>), dichloromethane (0.08 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>), tetrachloromethane (0.05 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>), and 1,2-dichloroethane (0.05 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>). Chloroform had the highest detection frequency and average detection concentration. In the contaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dchloroethane, and tetrachloromethane. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane were 2.23 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.08 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.07 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 0.06 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. All the 4 compounds were detected at industrial complex and storage tank area. The maximum concentration of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane was detected at industrial complex area. Especially, the maximum concentration of chloroform and dichloromethane was detected at a chemical factory area. In the uncontaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dchloroethane and tetrachloromethane was not detected. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane were 0.57 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.07 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 0.03 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. Although chloroform in the uncontaminated groundwater was detected the most, the concentration of chloroform was not exceeding water quality standards. By land use, the maximum detection frequency of 1,2-dichloroethane was found near a traffic area. For human risk assessment, the cancer risk for the 4 VOCs was 1<SUP>0-6</SUP>~10<SUP>-9</SUP>, while the non-cancer risk (HQ value) for the 4 VOCs is 10<SUP>-2</SUP>~10<SUP>-3</SUP>.