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OECD 급성경구투여독성시험 지침의 국내 확립 및 검증
조영래 ( Young Rae Cho ),염영나 ( Young Na Yum ),한의식 ( Eui Sik Han ),곽승준 ( Seung Jun Kwack ),김형섭 ( Hyung Sub Kim ),강미선 ( Mi Sun Kang ),이진영 ( Jin Young Lee ),오재호 ( Jae Ho Oh ),임채형 ( Chae Hyung Lim ),김대성 ( Da 한국동물실험대체법학회 2008 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.2 No.2
As the study about the non-animal tests came to be internationally active and the interest in the animal welfare gradually became increased, OECD TG (Test Guideline) 401 that has been used since 1987 was abolished in 2002. Because TG401 is acute oral toxicity method depending on survival and death of many animals, it was heavily criticized. Therefore, the three alternative methods were developed. OECD TG420 and TG423 determine the class of chemicals according to GHS (Globally Harmonized Classification System for Chemical Substances and Mixtures) classification and OECD TG425 suggests the predicted LD50 of chemicals using AOT425 program. In this study, 10 chemicals were selected. The internationally admitted TG420, TG423 and TG425 were introduced and established through the method that these chemicals were orally administrated to SD female rats and then, the results were observed. Each chemical belonged to already known GHS class in the study using TG420 and TG423 and predicted LD50 was same or higher in the study using TG425 compared to already known LD50 value. In conclusion, the result of our study confirmed the decrease in the animal number and validated. The international harmonization of the non-animal tests will be pursued through this validation study.
Son, Young-Don,Kim, Da-Jung,Kang, Ji-Houn,Chang, Dong-Woo,Jin, Young-Bae,Jung, Dong-In,Lee, Chulhyun,Yang, Mhan-Pyo,Lee, Sang-Rae,Kang, Byeong-Teck BioMed Central 2015 Irish veterinary journal Vol.68 No.1
<P>A 16-year-old, castrated, male English cocker spaniel dog was presented due to generalized alopecia. Routine clinical pathology, endocrine and abdominal ultrasonography results were consistent with a diagnosis of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The adenohypophyseal lesion was clearly visualized on both 3 T and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland. Although biochemical and MRI findings were consistent with a functional pituitary microtumor, a pituitary lesion was not detected using <SUP>18</SUP>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). This report firstly describes the application of high-resolution FDG-PET to a spontaneous pituitary microtumor in a dog.</P>
Shim, Kwan-Seob,Kang, Da-Rae,Park, Seong-Bok,Park, Jong Hyuk,Chung, Yi Hyung,Kang, Young-Hee,Shin, Daekeun The Plant Resources Society of Korea 2014 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.27 No.6
Large quantities of Korean wild grape (Vitis coignetiae, KWG) pomace, a by-product of grape juice and wine manufacture, are generated annually, and disposal cost of KWG pomace is now increasing. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine total polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content in whole KWG, KWG skin and KWG pomace and to identify and quantify flavonoids found in whole KWG and KWG pomace using LC/MS/MS. Spectral analysis showed high total polyphenol and flavonoid in KWG skin extracted with 75% ethanol (p < 0.05). KWG pomace had higher amount of total polyphenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin than whole grape (p < 0.05). Sixteen flavonoids were identified, but only 10 flavonoids were quantifiable from whole KWG and KWG pomace. Both epicatechin and rutin were the major flavonoids, and 521 or 147 ng/g of epicatechin (p < 0.05) and 305 or 110 ng/g of rutin (p > 0.05) were found in whole KWG and KWG pomace, respectively. The results show that KWG pomace is a very rich source of flavonoids, thus KWG pomace can be used as a functional food additive. Plans to include KWG pomace in food production are necessary.
Meat Quality and Physicochemical Trait Assessments of Berkshire and Commercial 3-way Crossbred Pigs
Subramaniyan, Sivakumar Allur,Kang, Da Rae,Belal, Shah Ahmed,Cho, Eun-So-Ri,Jung, Jong-Hyun,Jung, Young-Chul,Choi, Yang-Il,Shim, Kwan-Seob Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.5
In this study, we compared qualities and physiochemical traits of meat from Berkshire (black color) pigs with those of meat from 3-way Landrace (white color) × Yorkshire (white color) × Duroc (red color) crossbred pigs (LYD). Meat quality characteristics, including pH, color, drip loss, cooking loss, and free amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin, and mineral contents of longissimus dorsi muscles, were compared. Meat from Berkshire pigs had deeper meat color (redness), higher pH, and lower drip loss and cooking loss than meat from LYD pigs. Moreover, meat from Berkshire pigs had higher levels of phosphoserine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, asparagine, α-aminoadipic acid, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan, and carnosine and lower levels of glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and ammonia than did meat from LYD pigs. The fatty acids oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were present in significantly higher concentrations in Berkshire muscles than they were in LYD muscles. Additionally, Berkshire muscles were significantly enriched with nucleotide components (inosine), minerals (Mg and K), and antioxidant vitamins such as ascorbic acid (C) in comparison with LYD muscles. In conclusion, our results show that in comparison with LYD meat, Berkshire meat has better meat quality traits and is a superior nutritional source of all essential amino acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C, and minerals (Mg and K).
Allur Subramaniyan, Sivakumar,Kang, Da Rae,Belal, Shah Ahmed,Choe, Ho Sung,Shim, Kwan Seob Plenum Press 2018 Journal of cluster science Vol.29 No.1
<P>The present study examined the characterization and concentration of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra (BOL, commonly known as red cabbage) extracted AgNPs (BOL-AgNPs) and chemically (CHE) synthesized AgNPs (CHE-AgNPs) in chicken embryos through in ovo injections. We investigated the effects of both AgNPs on the survival, hatchability, body weight, and expressions of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). The BOL-AgNPs and CHE-AgNPs at (T1) amounted 100, at (T2) 1000, at (T3) 2500, and at (T4) 5000 A mu g/100 A mu l/egg, respectively through in ovo injections. At the end of the experimental period, the body and liver weights of the chicks were altered between the groups and among the concentrations. The serum levels of SGOT and SGPT were significantly increased at BOL-T3 and -T4. Survival and hatching rates were more reduced in the BOL-T3- and -T4-treated groups than at BOL-T1 and -T2. Nevertheless, they were more diminished in the CHE-AgNPs than in the BOL-AgNPs. The CHE-AgNPs revealed the presence of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities, in contrast to BOL-T4. The mRNA and protein expressions of HSP-60 and 70 in the liver were higher in CHE-AgNPs than in BOL-AgNPs. Hence, plant-synthesized AgNPs are superior in ovo nano-nutrition carriers of nutrients without toxicity than CHE-AgNPs.</P>
국내산 주요허브 열수 추출물의 항산화, 항균활성 및 세포독성
강다래,심관섭,최호성,나종삼,Kang, Da-Rae,Shim, Kwan-Seob,Choe, Ho-Sung,Na, Chong-Sam 한국유기농업학회 2017 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.25 No.4
본 연구는 10종 허브 추출물에 대한 DPPH 자유라디칼 소거능, 항균효과 및 세포독성에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로써 항생제 대체제로서 활용 가능성을 위한 기초 자료로 제시하고자 수행하였다. 10종의 허브 추출물의 DPPH 자유라디칼 소거능은 로즈마리, 오레가노 및 캐모마일이 각 49.9, 48.9, 47.7%으로 유의적으로 가장 높았다. 허브 추출물의 E. coli K99와 S. typhimurium에 대한 항균활성은 베르가못, 오레가노, 타임과 로즈마리가 두 균주에 공통적으로 활성이 높게 측정되었으며, 활성이 나타나는 농도에서의 세포독성이 비교적 낮아 안전한 것으로 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과 유기 축산을 위한 가축 내 천연 항생제 대체제로 항균 및 항산화 활성이 높고, 세포독성이 낮게 나타난 오레가노와 로즈마리가 천연물질로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 다양한 추출 조건으로 최적 추출 효율을 검토하여 추가적인 생리활성물질 검정과 해당 물질에 대한 연구가 필요하다. In this study, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, antimicrobial effects, growth inhibition and cytotoxicity of herb extracts were determined to screen alternative antibiotics. Hot water extracts of 10 species herbs (Origanum vulgare, Monarda didyma, Echinacea purpurea, Ocimum basilicum, Mentha piperita, Melissa officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Stevia rebaudiana, Rosmarinus officinalis, Matricaria recutica) were used. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of all herb extracts was ranged from 31.4-49.9%, and significantly great activties were found at Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum vulgare and Matricaria recutica (P<0.05). Hot water extracts of monarda didyma, origanum vulgare, thymus vulgaris and rosmarinus officinalis showed greater antimicrobial activities compared to others. Additionally, those four extracts represented relatively low cytotoxicity compared to others. As a result, it was found that Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis which possessed great antioxidant and antimicrobial activity with less cytotoxicity. So these two herb extracts can be used as an alternative of antibiotics for organic farming.