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( Benjamin Crooks ),( Ravi Misra ),( Naila Arebi ),( Klaartje Kok ),( Matthew J. Brookes ),( John Mclaughlin ),( Jimmy K. Limdi ) 대한장연구학회 2022 Intestinal Research Vol.20 No.1
Background/Aims: Epidemiological associations have implicated factors associated with Westernization, including the Western diet, in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The role of diet in IBD etiopathogenesis, disease control and symptom management remains incompletely understood. Few studies have collected data on the dietary habits of immigrant populations living with IBD. Our aim was to describe the dietary practices and beliefs of British South Asians with IBD. Methods: A 30-item questionnaire was developed and consecutively administered to 255 British South Asians with IBD attending gastroenterology clinics in the United Kingdom. Results: Fifty-one percent of participants believed diet was the initiating factor for their IBD and 63% felt diet had previously triggered disease relapse. Eighty-nine percent avoided certain dietary items in the belief that this would prevent relapse. The most commonly avoided foods and drinks were spicy and fatty foods, carbonated drinks, milk products, alcohol, coffee, and red meat. A third of patients had tried a whole food exclusion diet, most commonly lactose- or gluten-free, and this was most frequently reported amongst those with clinically active IBD (P=0.02). Almost 60% of participants avoided eating the same menu as their family, or eating out, at least sometimes, to prevent IBD relapse. Conclusions: British South Asians with IBD demonstrate significant dietary beliefs and food avoidance behaviors with increased frequency compared to those reported in Caucasian IBD populations. Studies in immigrant populations may offer valuable insights into the interaction between diet, Westernization and cultural drift in IBD pathogenesis and symptomatology. (Intest Res 2022;20:53-63)
Graham Crookes 한국영어교육학회 2017 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.72 No.4
The paper presents selected aspects of critical language pedagogy that are relevant to recent developments in Korean English Education. The paper articulates the personal viewpoint of a scholar outside Korea. Particular emphasis is placed on historical background, the nature of critique, and the role of the intellectual in society. The English Divide in Korea is presented as an issue that calls for a critical perspective on English education. This is briefly analyzed from an economics of education point of view, itself an example of critical pedagogy that does not only focus on classrooms and curriculum theory. Key aspects of critical language pedagogy are sketched, with reference to precursors from Korean history and cultural forms. These precursors are also brought to bear on the role that intellectuals could play in advancing a critical perspective on English education, in Korean society, which is suggested to be a moral imperative, distinct from instrumental understandings of education.
Two-Dimensional Bipolar Electrochemistry
Fosdick, Stephen E.,Crooks, John A.,Chang, Byoung-Yong,Crooks, Richard M. American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.27
<P>This paper introduces the concept of two-dimensional bipolar electrochemistry and discusses its principle of operation. The interesting new result is that electrochemical reactions can be localized at particular locations on the perimeter of a two-dimensional bipolar electrode (2D-BPE), configured at the intersection of two orthogonal microfluidic channels, by controlling the electric field within the contacting electrolyte solution. Experimentally determined maps of the electric field in the vicinity of the 2D-BPEs are in semiquantitative agreement with finite element simulations.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-27/ja103667y/production/images/medium/ja-2010-03667y_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja103667y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja103667y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Design and Operation of Microelectrochemical Gates and Integrated Circuits
Chang, Byoung-Yong,Crooks, John A.,Chow, Kwok-Fan,Mavré,, Franç,ois,Crooks, Richard M. American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.43
<P>Here we report a simple design philosophy, based on the principles of bipolar electrochemistry, for the operation of microelectrochemical integrated circuits. The inputs for these systems are simple voltage sources, but because they do not require much power they could be activated by chemical or biological reactions. Device output is an optical signal arising from electrogenerated chemiluminescence. Individual microelectrochemical logic gates are described first, and then multiple logic circuits are integrated into a single microfluidic channel to yield an integrated circuit that can perform parallel logic functions. AND, OR, NOR, and NAND gates are described. Eventually, systems such as those described here could provide on-chip data processing functions for lab-on-a-chip devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-43/ja107095z/production/images/medium/ja-2010-07095z_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja107095z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Two-channel microelectrochemical bipolar electrode sensor array
Chang, Byoung-Yong,Chow, Kwok-Fan,Crooks, John A.,Mavré,, Franç,ois,Crooks, Richard M. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 The Analyst Vol.137 No.12
<P>We report a two-channel microelectrochemical sensor that communicates between separate sensing and reporting microchannels <I>via</I> one or more bipolar electrodes (BPEs). Depending on the contents of each microchannel and the voltage applied across the BPE, faradaic reactions may be activated simultaneously in both channels. As presently configured, one end of the BPE is designated as the sensing pole and the other as the reporting pole. When the sensing pole is activated by a target, electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is emitted at the reporting pole. Compared to previously reported single-channel BPE sensors, the key advantage of the multichannel architecture reported here is physical separation of the ECL reporting cocktail and the solution containing the target. This prevents chemical interference between the two channels.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A wireless interchannel bipolar sensor array separates sensing and reporting poles, preventing interference between the ECL reporting and the sensing chemistries. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2an35382b'> </P>