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An Efficient Multicast Routing Algorithm for Packet-Switched Networks
Chung, Sung-Jin,Hong, Sung-Pil,Park, Bum Hwan 한국경영과학회 1998 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.2
This paper has a dual purpose. First, we consider a relaxation algorithm which seems to be particularly suitable for multicasting routing problems. We show that the algorithm has polynomial complexity. Second, to measure the quality of solutions in comparison to the optimal solutions over a wide range of network sizes for which the computation of the optimal costs is too excessive, we also propose a random graph generation scheme in which an asymptotic lower bound on the expected optimal cost can be computed as a function of network node size.
Packaging Criterion for Mid-Size Sedan Based on Users' Daily-Life Scenario
Chung, Sung-Moon,Lee, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Su-Whan Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2012 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.11 No.2
This study has developed a packaging criterion to minimize the level of discomfort which drivers using their vehicles for daily life purposes may experience due to ill designed vehicle packaging of mid-size sedan based on users' daily-life scenario. To find out optimal range of packaging dimension criterion, discomfort levels the test participants with different physical conditions suffer while performing various activities were analyzed. One hundred two test participants were carefully selected to represent entire Korean mid-size sedan owner-drivers. They were directed to test drive on the course designed to simulate mid-size sedan daily-usage scenario. At pre-designed locations, each of questions was asked to the test participants to be answered in the form of 10 point discomfort level score. By analyzing the test results, the optimal range for packaging dimensions was defined to be used as a packaging criterion.
Roles of unphosphorylated ISGF3 in HCV infection and interferon responsiveness
Sung, Pil Soo,Cheon, HyeonJoo,Cho, Chung Hwan,Hong, Seon-Hui,Park, Do Youn,Seo, Hyung-Il,Park, Su-Hyung,Yoon, Seung Kew,Stark, George R.,Shin, Eui-Cheol Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.33
Oxalic Acid Production in Submerged Culture of Aspegillus niger F22
Sang Il Lee,Keon Jin Lee,Sanghyun Ha,Hyun Jung Gwak,Ae Ri Han,Ho Hyun Chun,Young Bae Chung,Hyeong Hwan Kim,Jin-Cheol Kim,Teak Soo Shin,Hae Woong Park 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04
Oxalic acid has a nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. High producer of oxalic acid was isolated, and then named as Aspergillus niger F22. Oxalic acid production was investigated under various temperatures from 20 – 33oC and rotational speeds in 5 L jar fermenters. Yield of oxalic acid increased with decreasing temperature. The highest yield was obtained at 23oC, showing the yield of oxalic acid of 8.7 g/L, whereas oxalic acid production was least at 33oC. At 20oC, the yield was lower than that of 23oC. At a rotational speed of 300 rpm, serious oxygen depletion was present from 48 - 72 h, resulting in low productivity of 26.2 mg /L·h. When a rotational speed was set at 600 rpm, dissolved oxygen tension was over 40% and oxalic acid production increased up to approximately 55%. Viscosity during the culture differed with temperatures. Viscosity increased with the increment of temperatures. When A. niger F22 was cultured at 23oC, viscosity was 810 cP, which was favorable for oxalic acid production.
Chung, Sung-Yoon,Choi, Si-Young,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Lee, Seongsu American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.1
<P>Atomic-scale exchange between two different cations of similar size in crystalline oxides is one of the major types of point defects when multiple cations in oxygen interstitials are arrayed in an ordered manner. Although a number of studies have been performed on a variety of Li-intercalation olivine phosphates to determine the distribution of exchange defects in bulk, understanding of the thermodynamic stability of the defects in subsurface regions and its dependency on the crystallographic orientation at the surface has remained elusive. Through a combination of small-angle neutron scattering, atomic-scale direct probing with scanning transmission electron microscopy, and theoretical <I>ab initio</I> calculations, we directly demonstrate that the antisite exchange defects are distributed in a highly anisotropic manner near the surfaces of LiFePO<SUB>4</SUB> crystals. Moreover, a substantial amount of cation exchanges between Li and Fe sites is identified as an energetically favorable configuration in some surface regions, showing excellent agreement with the calculation results of negative defect formation energies. The findings in this study provide insight into developing better ways to avoid degradation of lithium mobility through the surface as well as scientifically notable features regarding the distribution of exchange defects in olivine phosphates.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2015/ancac3.2015.9.issue-1/nn506495x/production/images/medium/nn-2014-06495x_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn506495x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
HCC : O-014 ; Impact of C-reactive protein on prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
( Chung Hwan Jun ),( Ho Seok Ki ),( Hoon Ki Lee ),( Kang Jin Park ),( Seon Young Park ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Chang Hwan Park ),( Young Eun Joo ),( Hyun Soo Kim ),( Sung Kyu Choi ),( Jong Sun Re ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is known to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with various malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the serum CRP level and the prognosis of HCC patients. Methods: Two hundred ten HCC patients who underwent the first session of TACE between January 2005 and December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: high CRP (≥1 mg/dL) group (n=51) and low CRP group (<1 mg/dL) (n=160). They were followed 676 days in average (3-2430 days) and clinicoradiological variables and overall survival were compared. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups in tumor type on radiological feature (well defined vs poorly defined), tumor progression free survival (time to 2nd TACE after 1st TACE), 10 months mortality, WBC, tumor size and TNM stage. On multivariate analysis, high serum CRP level (>1 mg/dL) was independently associated with tumor size, tumor type. Child-Pugh score, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, α-fetoprotein level and overall survival were not associated with serum CRP level. Subgroup analysis of matched CRP according to TNM stage, Child-Pugh score, High CRP (>1 mg/dL) were independently associated with tumor type (poorly defined), WBC and tumor progression free survival. Concerning about tumor progression free survival, univariate analysis revealed tumor type, tumor size (>5 cm), anti-viral treatment, favorable tumor response on CT after 1st TACE, lipiodol dose (>7 ml), use of antibiotics and high CRP (>1 mg/dL) were associated with tumor progression free survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed favorable tumor response on CT after 1st TACE and lipiodol dose (>7 ml) were associated with tumor progression free survival. Conclusions: Serum CRP level is associated with tumor size, tumor type and tumor progression free survival. High CRP can be considered as poor prognosis factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing TACE.
( Sung Bum Cho ),( Yen Joo Kim ),( Won Hyung Choi ),( Chung Hwan Cheon ),( Ki Hoon Lee ),( Nam Kyu Zang ),( Jin Woong Kim ),( Young Eun Joo ),( Sung Kyu Choi ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: Liver abscess was very rare but serious complication lead to liver failure and fatal outcomes after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was evaluated to clinical features of TACE related liver abscess and predicting risk factors among HCC patients who developed postembolization syndrome after TACE. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2010, 13 patients of liver abscess which was undergone percutanous drainage developed in 2582 sessions of TACE. There was retrospectively analyzed to clinical features and predicting risk factors of liver abscess compared with control group who was selected 181 patients with fever after TACE. Results: The incidence of liver abscess was 0.5%. The etiologic types were necrosis related abscess (7 cases, 54%), biloma related abscess (4 cases, 31%), indirect abscess (2 cases, 15%). The mean interval time between percutanous drainage and TACE was 51±38 days. The positive culture rate was 69 % (9 cases) and organisms were enterococcus (4), Klebsiella pnemumoniae (2), Escherichia coli (1), Citrobacter (1) and Clostridium difficile (1). Abscess group was more higher peak AST level, peak bilirubin level, single nodular type HCC, Choledocholithiasis, air forming tumoral necrosis than control group. Independent predicting risk factors to abscess was only large air forming tumoral necrosis. The overall mortality rate of abscess was 61%. 6 patients were died caused by directly related to abscess. Conclusions: TACE related liver abscess was fatal infectious complication related to extensive air forming tumoral necrosis. The clinician should be considered to possibility of developing abscess in HCC patient with high risk factors after TACE.