http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
豪雨時 浮遊砂의 最適 SAMPLING 間隔에 關한 硏究(渭川 流域을 中心으로)
趙廷錫,韓良洙,朴相圭 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1996 科學技術硏究 Vol.3 No.1
This study calculated the optimal sampling interval of suspended sediment on storm in terms of Kalman filter method after collected data the discharge and suspended sediment of Museong place, the downstream of the Wi stream basin that is one of the IHP representative basin the Nakdong river water systems. We'll have to study more specifically about the various elements closely related to the discharge with the reasonable and correct standard of the error variance in the future and we finds out the suspended sediment optimal sampling intervals in other basins it will be applied by the characteristic of them.
한국과 독일의 중등학교 수학교과서 비교 연구 : 중학교 대수 영역을 중심으로 Focused on the Area of Algebra
노정학,양춘우,정환옥 한국수학교육학회 2003 수학교육 Vol.42 No.3
In this paper we compared and analyzed the Korean and German mathematics textbooks for the middle school students. For the research we investigated only the area of algebra, which is consisted of the three sections-section of numbers and arithmetic operations, section of letters and expressions, and section of rules and functions. We expect that this paper would contribute on the development of the whole area in our nation's mathematical educations, including the organization and exploitation of the curriculums for the middle school students.
Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8
<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>
Sensory involvement in the SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Yan-Su Guo,Dong-Xia Wu,Hong-Ran Wu,Shu-Yu Wu,Cheng Yang,Bin Li,Hui Bu,Yue-sheng Zhang,Chun-Yan Li 생화학분자생물학회 2009 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.41 No.3
A subset of patients of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) present with mutation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and such mutants caused an ALSlike disorder when expressed in rodents. These findings implicated SOD1 in ALS pathogenesis and made the transgenic animals a widely used ALS model. However, previous studies of these animals have focused largely on motor neuron damage. We report herein that the spinal cords of mice expressing a human SOD1 mutant (hSOD1-G93A), besides showing typical destruction of motor neurons and axons, exhibit significant damage in the sensory system, including Wallerian-like degeneration in axons of dorsal root and dorsal funiculus, and mitochondrial damage in dorsal root ganglia neurons. Thus, hSOD1-G93A mutation causes both motor and sensory neuropathies, and as such the disease developed in the transgenic mice very closely resembles human ALS. A subset of patients of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) present with mutation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and such mutants caused an ALSlike disorder when expressed in rodents. These findings implicated SOD1 in ALS pathogenesis and made the transgenic animals a widely used ALS model. However, previous studies of these animals have focused largely on motor neuron damage. We report herein that the spinal cords of mice expressing a human SOD1 mutant (hSOD1-G93A), besides showing typical destruction of motor neurons and axons, exhibit significant damage in the sensory system, including Wallerian-like degeneration in axons of dorsal root and dorsal funiculus, and mitochondrial damage in dorsal root ganglia neurons. Thus, hSOD1-G93A mutation causes both motor and sensory neuropathies, and as such the disease developed in the transgenic mice very closely resembles human ALS.
NEW ROLES OF NPOS AND PARTNERSHIP WITH GOVERNMENT AND/OR BUSINESS IN CHINA
Yan-Chun Meng 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2000 Global economic review Vol.29 No.4
In order to cater to the globalization trend, a general governmental institution reform has taken place in the world, and the aim of the reform is to limit governmental power and promote governmental efficiency. The force of the reform comes from both the domestic press and oversea press. On a national level, the request for legality of governmental power and controllability of governmental decision-making is becoming more urgent on a daily basis. On an international level, globalization has urged cooperation and raped response from every countries in the world. Most countries focus on limiting governmental power and power dispersion.
Yan, Bing Chun,Wang, Jie,Cao, Jianwen,Won, Moo-Ho D.A. Spandidos 2018 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol.17 No.2
<P>Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a well-known growth factor with well-defined neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia. However, the age-dependent differences in the expression of IGF-1 and its receptor (IGF-1R) in the brain following transient cerebral ischemia (TCI) have not been elucidated. In the present study, the differences in IGF-1 and IGF-1R in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region of young and adult gerbils 5 min following TCI were determined. Seven days following TCI, the neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region of young gerbils was significantly less than that observed in adult gerbils. In addition, the immunoreactivity, and levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in the CA1 region of the normal young were higher than those in the normal adult. Four days following TCI, the immunoreactivity, and protein levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1R were markedly decreased in the adult group. By contrast, in the young group, the immunoreactivity and expression levels were much greater than those in the adult group. However, 7 days following TCI, all immunoreactivity and expression levels were markedly decreased when compared with those in the normal adult and young groups. In addition, the immunoreactivity and expression levels in the young groups were significantly higher than those of the adult groups. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the higher and sustained expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in the young gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following TCI may be associated with the reduced neuronal death compared to that in the adults.</P>
Yan-Chun Li,Fan-Long Jin,박수진 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.10
We report spinel-type CoFe2O4 nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized through facile hydrothermal growth and their attachment on a cage-like carbon (CC) for efficient and durable oxygen evolution/reduction reaction (OER/ORR) performance. As a catalyst, the so-constructed CoFe2O4 NCs show significantly higher OER performance than bare CoFe2O4 and CC, leading to an overpotential of 1.59 V for the OER at a current density of 10mA/cm. Furthermore, CoFe2O4 NCs on CC electrodes also exhibit good ORR performance, which is comparable to Pt/C, significantly higher than that of bare carbon fiber paper, and acts as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. The CoFe2O4 NCs anchored on the CC electrodes exhibit remarkably long-term stability, which is evaluated by continuous cycling (over 5,000 cycles), without any morphological change, but preserving all the materials within the electrode. The results indicate that the CoFe2O4 NCs have a promising potential for efficient, cost-effective, and durable oxygen electrocatalysis at large scales using earth-abundant materials and low-cost fabrication processes.
Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, In Hye,Shin, Bich Na,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Lee, Deuk-Sik,Kim, Myong Jo,Kang, Il-Jun,Won, Moo-Ho Springer-Verlag 2012 Experimental brain research Vol.223 No.2
<P>Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100?ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment. In the control groups, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum pyramidal (SP) of the HP and in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the DG. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the SP and GCL; however, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum oriens of the HP in both the groups. Thereafter, intermediate IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the SP and GCL. On the other hand, intermediate IL-4 immunoreactivity was detected in the SP and GCL of the control groups. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-4 immunoreactivity in the SP and GCL was apparently increased. Thereafter, IL-4 immunoreactivity was lower than that at 6?h post-treatment. In brief, IL-2 and 4 immunoreactivities were easily detected in SP and GCL in the controls and dramatically decreased and increased at 6?h post-treatment, respectively.</P>