The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

메모리 공유형 다중 프로세서의 동기화를 위한 Spin-Lock 기법의 성능 분석

홍춘표,이종임,남상균 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1997 科學技術硏究 Vol.4 No.3

Most of the shared-memory multiprocessor system provide a hardware primitive for supporting mutually exclusive accesses to shared data. The hardware primitive consists of instructions that atomically read and write a single memory location. When a processor is accessing a shared data, the lock is set to busy, and other processors must wait until the lock is released. This paper analyse the characteristics of four spin-lock alternatives, and compare the performance of the proposed scheme through the simulation on shared-memory multiprocessor (Sequent-Balance). The simulation results show that all the spin-lock alternatives for synchronization degrade overall performance as the number of spinning processors increases. In addition, a variant of Ethernet backoff scheme shows good performance even for large numbers of spinning processors. Because of its simplicity, backoff scheme has better performance when there is no contention for the lock.

60%HRmax 의 조깅이 血淸脂質成分 含量變化에 미치는 影響 : the focus the pre-post exercise durgng 5,15 and 25 minute 運動特續時間 5分,15分,25分을 中心으로

洪春福 仁荷大學校 스포츠 科學硏究所 1989 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this research was to compare the change of quantity Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol Total cholesterol ratio in Serum of the pre with post-Exercise by 60%HRmax during 5, 15 and 25 minutes JOGGING. The Subjects of this study were 14 male students of University and Heart rate was measured by heart checker system and to analyze by herim outo analyer made Beringger manaim Co. in G. E. R. The result in as follow : 1. In 60%HRmax during 5 and 15 minutes jogging, There is no significant effect to change of the lipoprotein complex in Serum. 2 In 60%HRmax during 25 minutes jogging, There is significant effect to increase of the contained quantity Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and Triglyceride in serums, but no significant effect to change of the HDL-Cholesterol Total cholesterol ratio.

임상간호원의 간호업무 분담에 관한 조사 연구

홍춘실,김종임 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1984 충남의대잡지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the nurse's idea toward job sharing clinical activities of 65 nurses in Chungnam National University Hospital from March to February 1984. The result are as follows; 1. In physical care category, the most nurses responded to job sharing for bed making, mouth care back rubbing, bed bath, patient transportation, position change, passive exercise were "nurse and nurses' aid". 2. In observaion and treatment assistance category, the largest number of nurses responded to job sharing for oral medication, vital sign check, parenteral medication, intake and output check, observe effect of treatment and nuring care, observe patient's conditional change were "nurse and nurses' aid" and collecting and delivering specimen was nurses' aid. " 3. In psychological care category, the most nurse responded to job sharing for explain disese process, explain diain diagnostic test ahead of time, health teaching and counselling, explain patient's symptoms were "nurse" and provide privacy was "nurse and nurses' aid". 4. In unit management category, the most nurses responded to job sharing for unit clean and tidy guide patient on admission and teaching, deliver and transport papers were "nurse and nurses' aid" and drug, equipment care, guide patient on discharge and teaching were "nurse".

보건교육 내용에 관한 지식 및 흥미에 관한 연구 : 일부 사범대학생을 중심으로 Focusing on the Subjects of Teachers' University Students

홍춘실,박영신 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2

This research was conducted to help select and categorize the suitable health education contents for the health curriculum and health education program. The purpose of this study is to provide a useful information about the health knowledge and health interest of teachers' university students to select a recommendable planning, scope, and contents of health education by a comparative analysis between male and female students, and between departments. The tool for this study was questionaire. The number of items is ninty, 30 of health knowledge and 60 of health interest. And they are subgrouped under eight categories. The items were worked out by me based on the contents of health education subject for general education of many colleges, and were complemented by a preliminary investigation. The subjects for this study were chosen among 548 collegians in K National Teachers' University. Data were collected for thirteen days from November 24 to December 6, 1986 and were analyzed by the SPSS computer program. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The most well-known area of health education contents regardless of sex is "Environments and Health Hazards" and the most ignorant area is "Disease Control". Comparing the degree of health knowledge between male and female students group mean score of females is significantly higher than that of males. (t=8.44, d. f=546, P<0.01) Comparing the departmental degree of health knowledge, there is no significant difference in the mean score between humanities department and natural 'science department. However, the mean score of arts and athletics department is significantly lower than that of humanities department and natural science department. (.P<0.01) 2. The most interested area among health education contents in both males and females is "Health Maintenance and Promotion", and the least interested area is "Community Health". Comparing the degree of health interest between male and females studenst, group mean score of females is significantly higher than that of males. (t=1.99, d. f=546, P<0. 01) The degree of departmental health interest in nearly same in 7 area, but the degree of health interest of arts and athletice department in "Body structure and Function" areais significantly higher than that of humanities and natural science department. (P<0.01) 3. The correlation between health knowledge and health interest is found significant only in the case of female students of natural science department. (r=0.20, P<0.05) The correlation between health knowledge and health interest is also significant in "Health Maintenance and Promotion" area : (r=0.13, P<0.01) 4. There's no significant difference in health knowledge and interest from whichever source they acquire health knowledge. Health knowledge is acquired mostly newspapers and magazines (39%).

소련에 있어서 군부의 정치적 역할에 관한 小考

全洪燦 부산정치학회 1989 부산정치학회보 Vol.1989 No.2

마르크스, 엥겔스, 레닌 할것없이 모든 초기 공산주의 이론가들은 공통적으로 공산혁명이 성취된 국가에서는 국가의 존재 자체가 소멸로 향하는 상태이므로 상비군의 존재는 자연히 그 필요성이 없어질 것이라고 지적했었다. 그렇지만 볼셰비키 혁명후 70여년이 지난 오늘날 소련은 세게 최강의 군사력을 보유한 국가로 발전했다. 그 방대한 규모의 군사력은 자연히 국방조직의 비대를 야기하여, 소련정부 내에서도 국방성이 13~17명의 차관을 가진 압도적으로 가장 큰 정부부처가 되어 5백만명이 넘는 현역국인을 관리하고 있다.?? 본 소고에서는 이렇게 방대한 군부가 소련의 정치과정에서 행사하는 영향력을 黨一軍관계의 측면에서, 서방 학계에서 이루어진 기존의 연구들을 토대로 분석하고자 한다.

Hoffmann의 Colorimetric Method에 依한 底位生産沓 Soil 中의 Urease Activity 에 關한 考察

洪鍾旭,李午洙 慶北大學校 1968 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Urease activity of degraded paddy soil was investigated by means of Hoffmann's colorimetric method. The results of studies were summarized as follows: 1. Colorimetric experiment was conducted to determine the urease activity of soils in order to make incubating hours shorten, and to make operating may be simple. 2. Urease activity was decreased in degraded paddy soil in direct proportion to the depth. 3. Generally urease activity in degraded paddy soil was found to be also lower than normal. 4. Comparing with urease activity in normal paddy soil and farm soil, containing the similar amount of clay minerals, the former was higher was higher then latter.

F-P 간섭계를 이용한 반도체 레이저의 출력-주파수 동시 안정화에 관한 연구

홍완희,홍기룡,황문수,전광석 서울市立大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.21 No.2

본 논문에서 최근 반도체 레이저를 광산업분야에 특수 분야인 공해 모니터 시스템, 레이저 자이로스코우프, 정밀도량형기, 코히어런트 광통신 시스템의 발광소자로 사용하기 위해 요구되고 있는 주파수 안정도를 개선하기 위한 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 반도체 레이저의 주파수 안정도를 개선하기 위하여 이제까지 광출력이 안정하다는 가정하에 광출력을 기준으로 F-P간섭계에 레이저 주파수를 고정시키는 주입전류 제어 방식이 널리 쓰여 왔으나 주파수 안정시에도 광출력은 미세하나마 드리프트 하는 현상을 나타낸다. 이는 주파수 안정시 기준 변동 요인이 되어 주파수 안정도를 저해하므로 높은 안정도를 얻기 위하여 광출력을 안정시키기 위한 출력 안정화 궤환제어기를 부가하므로 기존의 안정화만을 고려한 방식에서 보다 주파수 안정도를 약 5배 개선 시켰다.

대전·충남지역 학교보건실태 및 양호교사의 업무자신감에 관한 조사연구

홍춘실,김현리 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find out the status of school health, school health teacher' s performance for school health works and school health teacher's self-confidence to performance for school works for the 147 school health teachers in Taejon city and chungnam province. Data collection was conducted by means of questionairs made by Community Health Nursing Academis Affairs from July 10 1991 to July 25 1991. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In research subject school, The distribution of pupils was that the below 2.000group was above 85%, the distribution of teachers was that the below 60 group was about 75%, the distribution of classes was that the below 60 group was about 95%. the school health budget showed the most highest score in the below three hundreds of thousands won group (48.5%). Only 18.5% all subject schools had organization for school health. Above 70% of health clinics was located in 1st floor and the size of health clinics was less than 33m about 73.9%. The monthly average of clinic visitors was distributed that the 101-200 group was 46 school(31.7%), most high. The average of literal message was 9 times for 1 year. 2. The school health teacher's performance of schoolhealth nursing activities was that ; 1) The dimension of program planning aand evaluation was highly scored in plan ning(.0952). 2) The dimension of management of health clinic was highly scored in clinic management (.973) 3) The dimension of health education was highly scored in content assessing (.898). 4) The dimension of management of school environment was highly scored in management of water supply system(.878). 5) The dimension of operating of school health organization was highly scored in operating of community welfare organization(.286). 6) The dimension of health care services was highly scored in headache (.966), emergency management(.966),and most lowest scored in wound suturing(.012). 3. There was statistically significant difference in the comparison of performance of school health works according to major variables only the performance of environment manage ment(T=5.0366, P-0.263, Table 6). 4. The school health teacher's self-confidence of performance for school health works was that ; 1) The dimension of program planning and evaluation sshowed high scores in plan ning(2.865). 2) The dimension of health clinic management showed high score in clinic management(3.132), and the lowest score in participation of budget planning (2.340). 3) The dimension of health education showed the most highest score in education performance(2.912)). 4) The dimension of management of school environment showed the most highest score in toilet management(2.766), and the most lowest score in sewage management (2.528). 5) The dimension of operating of school health organization showed relatively low level, average 2.141. 6) The dimension of health care services showed the most highest score in immunization (3.000), the most lowest score in wound suturing (2.032). 5. As the school health teacher's self-confidence, there were no statistically significant difference according to number of pupils, school health budget, school health organization. Thus researcher suggested that for development of school health nursing was supported through arrangement of work conditions,the school health teachers must develop the performing ability of school health work for themselves, and also search variables for self-confidence.