소양호의 DOC와 POC의 분포

김범철,최광순,김철구,이유희,김동섭,박제철 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

Seasonal and vertical distributions of dissolved and particulate organic carbon were investigated from May 1995 to March 1997 in n deep mesotrophic reservoir, Lake Soyang, POC contentrations at the dam site ranged from 0.1 to 1.8 mgC/L and DOC concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 4.9 mgC/L. POC concentrations in the surface layer were higher in the season of cyanobacterial bloom, July to September. High POC was observed at the depth of 30 to 60m after storm runoff in summer monsoon season. Turbid storm runoff formed intermediate current laden with much particulate materials from terrestrial sources. The vertical and seasonal variation of DOC was smaller than POC. Higher DOC was observed near the lake bottom which implies sedimentation and degradation of much organic detritus at the bottom. The ratio of DOC : POC varied from 2 to 60, and the ratio was lowest in September 1995 when algal density was highest. DOC : POC ratio of the main inflowing river, the Soyang River, varied from 1 to 10, and the ratio was low in storm runoff when the POC concentration was high.

琴湖江 底質 중에 含有된 重金屬의 濃度 相關性

具滋明,裵孝廣,李哲熙 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1986 연구보고 Vol.14 No.2

Chemical analyses of geochemical or environmental samples get useful when inter-relationships among the samples are discovered, as the latters tell the mechanism participating in the flow of a stream as well as the transfer of materials in the environment. The present study is concerned in the river sediments for which a technique of the concentration correlation matrix is applied to discover the origin of various trace elements. For this investigation, the river-sediments contained six elements(Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn )were collected at different stations of the Kumho River and its tributary streams. As a result of drawing up concentration correlation matrix and investigating relationship for concentration of each element, it is concluded that comparisons of these relationships agree with geographical or geological relations and the present condition of pollution.

보조 리간드가 결합한 Cr(Ⅲ)-네자리 거대고리 착물들의 합성 및 특성

김구철,한충훈,윤정수,변종철 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.1

cis-(5.5.7.12.12.14-hexamethyl-1.4.8.11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)dichloro chromium(Ⅲ) chloride{cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(Cl)₂]Cl}를 출발 물질로 하여 보조 리간드{L_(a)=malonate (mal^(2-). acetylacetonate (acac^(-). benzoate (bz^(-). p-chlorobenzoate(cbz^(-). chloroacetate(ca^(-))}를 결합시킨 착물들을 합성하였다. 이들 Cr(Ⅲ) 착물들은 6배위 착물을 형성한다. cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(acac)](ClO₄)₂ 결정은 a=20.021(1)Å. b=30.112(1)Å. c=12.708Å. α=90˚. β=127.112(1)˚. γ=90˚. V=6101.1(4)ų 및 Z=8의 cell constant를 갖고 있는 C_(2/c) 공간군이며, 단사결정체이다. Cr^(3+) 이온 주위에 4개의 amine 질소 원자와 bidentate로 결합한 acetyacetonate의 2개 산소 원자가 capped square pyramid 구조를 형성하면서 6배위 기하구조를 갖는다. cis-[Cr(tetb)(cbz)₂]ClO₄ 결정은 a=12.093(1)Å. b=20.358(1)Å. c=28.852Å. α=90˚. β=90˚. γ=90˚. V=7103.1(7)ų 및 Z=8의 cell constant를 갖고 있는 P_(bca) 공간군이며, 사방정계 결정체이다. Cr^(3+) 이온 주위에 4개의 amine 질소원자와 2개의 p-chlorobenzoate에서 각각 1개 산소원자가 capped square pyramid 구조를 형성하면서 6배위 기하구조를 갖는다. New chromium(Ⅲ) complexes are synthesized from the starting material of cis-(5.5.7.12.12.14-hexamethyl-1.4.8.11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)dichloro chromium(Ⅲ) chloride{cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(Cl)₂]Cl} with auxiliary ligands {L_(a)=malonate (mal^(2-). acetylacetonate (acac^(-). benzoate (bz^(-). p-chlorobenzoate(cbz^(-). chloroacetate(ca^(-))}. The compounds are a six-coordinated chromium(Ⅲ) complexes. The crystal of cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(acac)](ClO₄)₂ is monoclinic. space group C_(2/c). with cell constant a=20.021(1)Å. b=30.112(1)Å. c=12.708Å. α=90˚. β=127.112(1)˚. γ=90˚. V=6101.1(4)ų. and Z=8. The hexacoordination geometry around Cr^(3+) ion is a capped square pyramid made up of four amine nitrogens and bidentate acetyacetonate two oxygens. The crystal of cis-[Cr(tetb)(cbz)₂]ClO₄ is orthorhombic. space group P_(bca) with cell constant a=12.093(1)Å. b=20.358(1)Å. c=28.852Å. α=90˚. β=90˚. γ=90˚. V=7103.1(7)ų. and Z=8. The hexacoordination geometry around Cr^(3+) ion is a capped square pyramid made up of four amine nitrogens and two oxygens of two p-chlorobenzoate.

해안지역 강수와 부유분진의 화학적 조성 비교

허철구,강창희 제주대학교 환경연구소 1994 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.2 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of rainwater and atmospheric total suspended particulates (TSP) at coastal area. For this study, the rain-water and TSP were sampled a t Cheju-Kosan near the sea from May to December 1993, and then major water soluble ionic species(WSl) in those were analyzed. The concentrations of WSI in rainwater and TSP were lower than inland regions and had larger variation for each ion species. The sum of cation concentrations (166.4±336.7μeq/ℓ) were slightly greater than the sum of anion concentrations (163.2±249.5μeq/ℓ) in rainwater, but the sum of cation concentrations (0.157±0.056μeq/㎥) were considerably less than the sum of anion concentrations (0.188±0.0077μeq/㎥). The ion concentrations in rainwater were correlated negatively with precipitation, on the other hand those in TSP were correlated positively with wind velocity and had little correlation with precipitation. The ionic composition of rainwater, that is, Na^(-)>Mg^(2+)>Ca^(2+)>NH4_(4)^(-)>K^(+) for cation and Cl^(-)> S0_(4)^(2-)>NO_(3)^(-) for anion in order of abundance, showed different trend from the general trend in inland areas, however, that of TSP was similar to the general trend. The primary sources of Na^(+), Mg^(2+) and Cl^(-) were found to be seasalt and SO_(4)^(2-) and NH_(4)^(+) probably originated mainly from soil dust, while NO_(3)^(-) was possibly derived from various origins. And the contribution of seasalt to WSI in rainwater and TSP were about 70% and 37%. respectively. In addition, the average washout factor by rain fall for WSI was evaluated to 1.019 and the wet deposition rate of WSI was estimated at 10.65 ton/㎢/year.

19C 獨逸社會 민주당의 性格에 관하여

姜哲求 西原大學校 1982 西原大學 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

SPD사의 소장은 독일의 정치구조와 밀접한 관련을 갖고 있다. 프로이센 군주국가에 대한 부르주아 계급의 약체성, 그리고 프로이센에 의한 독일 통일은 독일에서 부르주아 계급은 제국이 가져 온 판도 내에서의 경제적 성장의 거대한 가능성을 담보로 하여 모든 자유주의적 희망을 포기하고 지배계급과 결탁했다. 따라서 헌법투쟁시에 부르주아 계급의 능력에 의문을 품고 스스로 독립 하게 된 노동자 정당은 이제 홀로 강력한 군사국가와 적대하지 않으면 안 되었던 것이다. SPD의 이러한 독립된 상황은 1871년 이후 국가의 적으로 지목을 받으면서 더욱 명백한 것으로 되었고 그 후 결코 개선되지 못하엿다. 80년대 이후부터 SPD의 당세는 급신장을 계속했으나 이러한 외면적인 성장은 정치적 영향력과는 무관한 것이었다. 노동자 정당이 독일의 특수한 정치구조 속에서 너무 빠른 시기에 독립한 것이 결국 정치적 무력이라는 대가를 치룬 셈이다. 이러한 당의 무력감은 당의 정책에도 크게 영향을 미치고 있다. Lassalle파의 경우이건 Eisenach파의 경우이건 모두 그 나름의 혁명적인 이념을 갖고 있음에도 불구하고 실제 정책으로 나타날 때에는 현실타협적인 요소가 큰 구실을 하고 있으며 이러한 상황은 제국말까지 지속된다. 특히 90년대 이후 수정주의의 등장이라고 하는 현상은 현실타협적인 요소를 이론화하려는 노력으로 보여지는 것이지만 그것은 당의 지도 노선에서도 명백하게 나타난다. 혁명적인 대시주의에 의해서 당은 정치적으로 비행동주의에 빠졌고 이러한 주된 성향은 당이 적시에 비합법적인 폭력행동으로 나아가는 것을 막았을 뿐 아니라 한편에서 당의 이념을 완전히 포기하고 기회주의적인 정책으로 나아가는 것도 막았다. 그러한 점에서 혁명적 대시주의에 대해서는 긍정적인 평가와 부정적인 평가가 엇갈릴 수 있을 것이다. 제국의 지배계급이나 SPD 모두가 어떠한 형태의 폭력이든지 사용하는 것을 겁냄으로써 날카로운 내적긴장을 가진 내전적인 상황에도 불구하고 공개적인 투쟁으로 발전하지는 않았다. 이와 같이 제2제국이 내적긴장을 갖고 있음에도 불구하고 그나마의 안정을 가질 수 있었던 것은 SPD가 제국에 부분적으로 통합되어 있었기 때문이다. 한편에서 노동계급에게 경제적인 개선과 법적, 실제적인 동등권을 주려는 경향과 또 한편에서 진정한 동등권을 거부하고 착취와 억압상태를 존속시키려고 하는 경향이 교묘하게 작용함으로써 국가는 최소한의 안정을 이룰 수 있었다. 그러나 그 안정은 전쟁에 의한 외부의 충격을 버텨내기에는 불완전한 것이었다. 결국 제2제국에 있어서의 사회민주주의 운동은 커다란 외면적인 성과에도 불구하고 그에 상응할만한 결과를 가져오지는 못했다. 그러나 그렇다고 해서 민주적, 사회적 해방과정에 있어서 그들의 역사적 역할이 부정되어서는 안 될 것이다. 단지 주어진 조건 하에서 만족스러운 결과를 가져오지 못했다고 말할 수 있을 뿐이다.

온돌난방방식에서의 인체 각 부위별 대류열전달률에 관한 실험적 연구

이철구 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.8

The convective heat transfer causes upward natural convection around a human body. This natural convection causes unevenness of the convective heat transfer over a body surface. So, it is necessary to know convective heat transfer coefficient at each part of human body to evaluate indoor thermal environment. The present paper studies the natural convection around human body at floor heating system by using a thermal rectangular hexahedral manikin. The convective heat transfer coefficient was estimated from the surface temperature of various locations on the manikin with copper-constantan thermocouple. During the measurement, the floor temperature has been kept 26∼27℃. A steep change with the height was found in the convective heat transfer coefficient along the leg part. The highest convective heat transfer coefficient 4.9W/m2K at front part and 5.7W/m2K at side part, was found at the lowest temperature measuring point on the leg part. The average heat transfer coefficient over the manikin was 3.2W/m2K at front part and 4.0W/m2K at side part of the manikin. This means that the lower part of a leg has about 50% higher natural convection heat transfer ocefficient than the average human body. It will be necessary to consider the change of convective heat transfer coefficient with the positions of human body when appropriate floor temperature at floor heating system is decided.

대기환경지수를 이용한 제주지역 대기질 평가에 관한 기초적 연구

허철구,이기호,박용이 제주대학교 환경연구소 1997 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.5 No.-

The assessment of the air quality of Cheju area was carried out by AI(Air Index) and AEI(Air Environment Index). The air quality data, which measured at two air pollution monitoring network(Idodong ; located at Cheju city, Yongsuri ; located at western coastal region of Cheju island), were used in this study. The average concentration of major air pollutants(SO_(2), NO_(2), CO, TSP(PM-10)) were very low, but the ozone(O_(3)) concentration remarkably high. The monthly A1 values at Idodong and at Yongsuri were 7.0 ± 1.8 and 4.7 ± 1.4, respectively, therefore the air quality was classified as 'Good' level. And the monthly AEI values at same regions were in the range of 16.9-20 and 20.1-28, respectively, so the air quality was classified as 'Moderate' level. We found that the same air quality data was assessed at different level according to estimating mothod by A1 or by AEI. It seemed that the modification of the subindex and/or standard level was necessary to estimate A1 and AEI practically. Also, it was found that the critical pollutant was ozone in estimating A1 and AEI at Cheju area. But it assumed the ozone at Cheju area was caused by natural sources but anthropogenic sources. Thus, it seemed that the local background level of air pollutants was considered in estimating AI and AEI.

제주시 대기부유분진 중 수용성 이온성분의 입경별 분포특성

허철구,송정화,이기호 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.12

Atmospheric particulate matters were collected by 8-stage non viable cascade impactor from October 2002 to August at Jeju City. Eight water-soluble ionic components (Na^(+), NH₄^(+), K^(+), Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), Cr^(-) NO₃^(-) and SO₄^(2-)) were analyzed by Ion Chromatography. The concentration of particulate matters and eight water-soluble ionic components were determined to investigate their size distributions. Particulate matters exhibited a tri-modal distribution with peak value around 0.9, 4.0㎛ and 9.5㎛. In summer, the last peak value was lower than other season values likely due to particulate matter scavenged by rain water. Four ionic components (Na^(+), Ca^(2+) Mg^(2+) and Cl^(-)) exhibited a bi-modal distribution in the coarse mode whereas three ionic components (NH₄^(+), K^(+) and SO₄^(2-)) in the fine mode, with maximum peak value around 0.9um. NO₃ was found in both the coarse and the fine mode. The enrichment factor (E.F.) of each ionic components was calculated. Based upon E.F., it is considered that Na^(+), Cr, and K^(+) in coarse paricle mode were delivered form oceanic source, but other components might have other source origins.

Ciprofloxacin 제제의 생물학적 동등성에 관한 연구

최철희,신재국,신완균,유호진,이경훈,정원석,장인진,신상구 대한화학요법학회 1991 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.9 No.1

국내 시판중인 ciprofloxacin 제제인 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)의 동등성을 검토하기 위해 제조원인 Bayer사의 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)를 기준제제로 하여 18명의 건강한 남성 피험자를 대상으로 500㎎ 1회 교차 경구 투여후 약동학적 성상을 분석비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험제제의 생체 이용율의 지표인 AUC, C_(mao), T_(max) 및 MRT들의 평균치는 백분율차이에 있어 모든 기준제제 지표의 ± 20% 이내였으며, 이들 생체 이용율 지표들은 분산분석 검정에서 차이를 인지할 수 없었다.생체 이용율 지표들의 기준제제에 대한 백분율 90% 대칭 신뢰구간 검토시 모든 경수들에서 ± 20% 이내의 조건을 만족하였으며 AUC의 경우에는 대칭형 신뢰구간으로 변환시 95% 신뢰구간에서도 동등성의 조건을 만족하였다, 이상의 시험결과로 시험제제인 Citopcin®은 기준제제인 Ciprobay®와 생물학적 동등한 제제로 판단되었다. The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was studied for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of the generic ciproflocacin products. Two single doses of 500㎎ each of ciprofloxacin(Ciprobay® 250㎎ tablet as a reference compound and Citopcin® 250㎎ tablet s a test compound) were administered orally to ighteen male volunteers in a balanced, randomized crossover design. Pek plasma levels of ciprofloxacin were observed about 1 hour after the doses and the peak concentrations of both products were similar(Ciprobay®, 3.18㎍/㎖; Citopcin®, 2.89㎍/㎖). The values of other pharmacokinetic parameter of ciprofloxacin computed for Ciprobay® are presented in that order: AUC=13.53:12.47㎍·h/㎖, T_(max)=1.28:1.14 hours; MRT=5.30:5.08 hours; t_(1/2)β=3.65:3.47 hours. No satistically significant, differences were detected when AUC and the other parameters were compared with the method of ANOVA. Using the criteria of 90% confidence interval for the assessment of bioequivalence al the parameters were acceptable. The products were found to be equivalent on the premise that no significant difference was detected when the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were compared, and the confidence limit analysis showed acceptable results.

『春香新說』과『懸吐漢文春香傳』의 作者와 創作年代

강재철,허호구 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

A Study on the writer and story-writing date of Hanmoonchunhyanggeon is one of our major researches in classical as and important process of organizing Chunhyanggeon. so, I world like to render great academic advance in studying writers and story-writing date of two texts of Hanmoonchunhyanggeon which is diverse in opinions in academic circles. Conclusion of this paper are as follows ; The story-writing date of Chunhyangsinsul is 1864, and the writer is not Teo-lim Mok who is insisted by some scholars in academic circles but unidentified right now. And the first edition date of Heuntohanmooncunhyangeon is 1917, and Chul-Gin Wu who si recognized as a writer is regarded as an ordinary publisher. I believe these conclusions can devote much help in studying Chunhyanggeon and discussing aspects of Gookmoonchunhyanggeon and Hanmoonchunhyanggeon in the future.