Analysis and Design of Smart Transportation System with 4th Industrial Revolution in Nigeria

Chukwuma, Patrick Chidalu,Chang, Soon Heung,Kim, Yun Seon The Korea Contents Association 2018 International Journal of Contents Vol.14 No.4

This paper analyzes the existing transportation systems of Nigeria and Korea and proposes a new railway and roadway design for Nigerian cities. The research findings and feasibility study revealed that the state of Nigeria's transportation system was critical as was its market segment, infrastructural deficit and financial requirement needed to implement a smart transportation system. The dilapidation of the existing infrastructure coupled with poor maintenance culture and limited public transport services has hindered the economic growth of Nigeria and its cities. A case study of Korea and Japan shows some possible solutions to Nigeria transportation challenges. Analytical and descriptive methods were used to critically assess the infrastructural challenges, movement, and convenience. The study proposed the design of a new intercity railroad and roadway across Abuja, Enugu, Lagos and Port Harcourt cities. The proposed designs have been established to be an innovative solution with advanced benefits over the current system. The implementation of the proposed designs is estimated to cost about US$(77,832,027,719) across the study areas. Thus, the discussion, conclusion, and recommendations given present a proposal to the Nigerian government on the possibility of solving the Nigerian intercity railroad and roadway transportation challenges across Abuja, Enugu, Lagos and Port Harcourt cities through smart designs.

Ụzọ mma: Pathway to Intangible Cultural Heritage in Otobo Ugwu Dunoka Lejja, South-eastern Nigeria

Christian Chukwuma Opata,Apex Anselm Apeh 국립민속박물관 2016 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.11 No.-

Heritage sites and their management remain an issue in Nigeria in general, and in South-eastern Nigeria in particular. These stem largely from the spate of wanton destruction of cultural heritage in Igboland, Eastern Nigeria by some Christian fundamentalists. Otobo Ugwu Dunoka Lejja, South-eastern Nigeria, is an open public square which serves as the traditional parliamentary, judicial and ritual square for the thirty-three villages in the Lejja community. It was also an iron smelting site and has the highest concentration of iron slag blocks in sub-Saharan Africa. Divided into four sections by rows of iron slag blocks, the square is full of monuments connected with iron smelting and community history. These monuments are linked to the rules and ethical values which form the intangible cultural heritage associated with iron smelting in the community. The approach in this study is multi- and interdisciplinary, as recourse is made to sociology, ethno-history, political economy, anthropology and the interface between these complementary disciplines. Based on extensive field work in the community, the researchers interrogate the meaning and essence of some of the values attached to the square and the monuments therein. These traditional values could help address the problems created by iconoclasts who pride themselves on destroying cultural heritage in Igboland, ostensibly in the name of Christianity.

A woman can become a 'man': Rituals and gender equality among the Nsukka lgbo of south -eastern Nigeria

Christian Chukwuma Opata,Apex Apeh,Chidi Mike Amaechi,Hillary Oguejiofor Eze 국립민속박물관 2021 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.16 No.1

Scholars of gender inequality tend to neglect ritual as a mechanism that can aid gender equality ¬– even when it is obvious that rituals are cardinal in bridging the equality gap between genders. Basing its argument on the incarnate being institution among the Igbo, an essentially male-dominated institution, this study explains how rituals empower women to attain equal status with men and help them to participate actively in the institution. Questions to address include how women are admitted into the society, nature and meaning-cum-essence of the rituals. Using oral interviews, participant observation, video clips and photographs of women who underwent rituals, this paper argues that ritual is a potent force in the attainment of gender equality. This paper aims to help elucidate the logic of the rituals and bring to the fore how the intangible heritage of an Igbo society helps bridge the gender inequality gap.

여성은 ‘남성’이 될 수 있다: 나이지리아 남동부 지역 은스카(Nsukka) 이그보족(Igbo)의 의식(儀式)과 양성 평등

Christian Chukwuma Opata,Apex Apeh,Chidi Mike Amaechi,Hillary Oguejiofor Eze 국립민속박물관 2021 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.16 No.2

성 불평등을 연구하는 학자들은 성 평등을 도울 수 있는메커니즘으로서 의식을 무시하는 경향이 있다. 심지어 의식이 성별간의 평등 격차를 줄이는데 있어 가장 중요한 것임이 명백할 때조차도 말이다. 이그보족(Igbo)에서 기본적으로 남성 지배적인 화신(incarnate beings) 제도를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 의식이 어떻게 여성을역량강화하여 남성과 동등한 지위를 획득하도록 하며 그러한 관습에적극적으로 참여할 수 있도록 돕는지 설명한다. 여성이 사회에어떻게 받아들여지는지, 자연, 그리고 의식의 의미 겸 본질에 대한의문 등을 제기할 것이다. 이 논문은 의식을 거친 여성의 구두인터뷰, 참가자 관찰, 영상물, 그리고 사진을 사용하여 의식이 양성평등을 이루는 데 있어 강력한 힘을 갖고 있다고 주장한다. 본논문은 의식의 논리를 설명하고 이그보(Igbo) 사회의 무형유산이어떻게 성 불평등 격차를 해소하는 데 도움이 되는지를 밝히는 것을목적으로 한다.

In Search of Honour: Eya Ebule as a Legacy of Igbo resistance and food security from World War II

Christian Chukwuma Opata,Apex A Apeh 국립민속박물관 2018 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.13 No.-

As a consequence of the various legislations enacted by Britainin Nigeria during World War II that were not farmer-friendly,some Igbo peasant farmers devised strategies to evade them byresorting to the time-honoured means of labour conscription. Their strategy provoked competition amongst the peasantfarmers and labourers who cultivated the crops. The competitiongave rise to two distinct classes among Igbo peasant farmers. To date, these classes continue to exist amid notable changes;financial rewards have overtaken material and intangiblerewards in encouraging productivity. This research aims toshow the dynamics of the rural farmers’ resistance to coloniallegislation using traditional knowledge in Igboland, and thelegacy of their resistance based mainly on ethnographic surveys,focus group discussions, archival records and interviews withthe sons of prominent farmers of that era who were involved inthe practice.

Cultural Restriction, Respect for Women, and Environmental Sustainability in Africa: Extrapolations from Igboland, South-Eastern Nigeria

Christian Chukwuma Opata 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2020 Asian Women Vol.36 No.1

In most African societies, some restrictions exist that manifest themselves in the form of taboos, laws on the use of public spaces, land use, and the exploitation and management of resources, which on the surface appear to be targeted at women. However, when their origin, essence, and dynamics within specific cultures are subjected to critical interrogation, a new picture emerges. What was assumed to be a legal apparatus deliberately devised by men to sideline women turns out to be respect for women and the ontological forces in the polity. There are some species of fish that people are not allowed to kill, and if they are killed by accident some form of ritual is required. There are also restrictions on access to sacred groves and forests associated with some spirit beings. The rationales behind such taboos are many, but they are all targeted at protecting the environment. As there appears to be a lacuna in this aspect of studies on African women, this paper aims to plug this gap. The broader implications of this research for the study of Africa and gender relations among its people are equally discussed. Anchored by the theory of cultural peculiarity, the study adopts a qualitative research approach using extant literature, field investigations, interviews with elders and other stakeholders on the origin of the restrictions as its sources.

Analysis and Design of Smart Transportation System with 4th Industrial Revolution in Nigeria

Patrick Chidalu Chukwuma,장순흥,김윤선 한국콘텐츠학회 2018 International Journal of Contents Vol.14 No.4

This paper analyzes the existing transportation systems of Nigeria and Korea and proposes a new railway and roadway design for Nigerian cities. The research findings and feasibility study revealed that the state of Nigeria’s transportation system was critical as was its market segment, infrastructural deficit and financial requirement needed to implement a smart transportation system. The dilapidation of the existing infrastructure coupled with poor maintenance culture and limited public transport services has hindered the economic growth of Nigeria and its cities. A case study of Korea and Japan shows some possible solutions to Nigeria transportation challenges. Analytical and descriptive methods were used to critically assess the infrastructural challenges, movement, and convenience. The study proposed the design of a new intercity railroad and roadway across Abuja, Enugu, Lagos and Port Harcourt cities. The proposed designs have been established to be an innovative solution with advanced benefits over the current system. The implementation of the proposed designs is estimated to cost about US$(77,832,027,719) across the study areas. Thus, the discussion, conclusion, and recommendations given present a proposal to the Nigerian government on the possibility of solving the Nigerian intercity railroad and roadway transportation challenges across Abuja, Enugu, Lagos and Port Harcourt cities through smart designs.

Chemical analysis and in silico anticancer and anti-inflammatory potentials of bioactive compounds from Moringaoleifera seed oil

Apeh Victor O.,Asogwa Emeka,Chukwuma Felicia I.,Okonkwo Obiora F.,Nwora Florence,Uke Rosemary 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.1

Breast and prostate cancers are the first and second most leading cause of mortality and morbidity in women and men respec- tively. Today lots of drugs are available for treatment but their adverse effect, potentially distressing toxicity only add to patient discomfort and limits their use. Identification of novel sources for developing new anticancer drugs with little or no side effect is imperative. In vitro antioxidant activities crude and degummed Moringa oleifera seed oil were determined using standard methods. Fatty acid and phytosterols were identified through GC–MS. Molecular docking studies was performed to investigate the binding interactions between natural compounds and five various anti-cancer drug targets. Also the proteins were docked to standard inhibitors and the binding affinities were determined. Molecular interactions between proteins and ligands were viewed with discovery studio 4.5. The binding energy was compared with the known inflammatory, breast and prostate cancer inhibitory drugs namely: exemestane, talazoparib, pictilisib, thalidomide and Z-IETD-fmk. Crude oil exhibited more potent antioxidant activities than the degummed oil. Minerals and vitamins were reduced after degumming. Phytosterol showed that β-Sitosterol is the predominant phytosterol which was higher in the degummed oil. β-Sitosterol displayed the best inhibitory activity against the standard inhibitors except Z-IETD-fmk; while oleic acid exhibited poor binding energy when compared with the standard inhibitors except thalidomide. β-Sitosterol played a promising role against breast and prostate cancer protein targets and hence can act as a template for further studies as cancer drug candidates.

Development of ethosomal vesicular carrier for topical application of griseofulvin: effect of ethanol concentration

Chukwuemeka C. Mbah,Philip F. Builders,Chukwuma O. Agubata,Anthony A. Attama 한국약제학회 2019 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.49 No.1

Vesicular carriers (VCs) offer enhanced and sustained delivery of drugs. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ethanol concentration in VCs on topical delivery of a poorly water-soluble drug, using griseofulvin as prototype. VCs containing varying quantities of ethanol were prepared by solvent evaporation using Phospholipon ® 90H (P90H) and characterized for entrapment efficiency (EE), morphology, size and size distribution, stability, viscosity and skin retention. Permeation profiles were assessed using rat skin and Franz diffusion cell and withdrawn samples analyzed spectrophotometrically. Spherical vesicles of average size of 137.70 ± 51.62 nm and polydipersity index of 0.555 were produced. Vesicle sizes decreased with increase in ethanol concentration. EE of 68.0 ± 5.6% was obtained for the optimized formulation. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated reversible perturbation of the skin layers as the mechanism of permeation. Permeation generally increased with increase in ethanol concentration. Ethosomal nanovesicular carriers encapsulating griseofulvin were formulated, which showed potentials for sustained and enhanced delivery through rat skin in direct proportion with ethanol concentration.

Computing traffic accident high-risk locations using graph analytics

Iyke Maduako,Elijah Ebinne,Victus Uzodinma,Chukwuma Okolie,Emmanuel Chiemelu 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.4

Several studies on traffic accident hot spots have adopted spatial statistics and Geographic Information Systems where spatial point patterns are modelled solely on spatial dependence without consideration of the temporal dependence of the events. This could lead to underestimation or over-estimation of results because of the temporal aggregation of the events to an absolute time point. Furthermore, traffic accidents are usually considered as events occurring randomly in two-dimensional geographic space. However, traffic accidents are networkconstrained events. In this study, we adopt the connectivity of graph on a network space approach that identifies accident high risk-locations based on space–time-varying connectivity between traffic accident events and the road network geometry. A simple but extensible traffic accident space time-varying graph (STVG) model is developed and implemented using traffic accident data from 2010 to 2015 for Brevard County in Florida, United States. Traffic accident high risk-locations were identified and ranked in space and time using time-dependent degree centrality and PageRank centrality graph metrics respectively through time-incremental graph queries. In the analysis, traffic accident patterns were discovered based on network graph analytics. Our findings offer a new and efficient approach for identifying, ranking and profiling accident-prone areas in space and time at different scales.