離騷의 性格

金學主 서울대학교 동아문화연구소 1979 東亞文化 Vol.16 No.-

Since Ssu-ma Ch'ien eulogized Ch'u¨ Yu¨an as a great patriotic poet and his Li-Sao (Encountering Sorrow) as a song of"loyalty to his king and love to the people," from Wang Yi (Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chang Chu¨楚辭章句) to modern Chinese scholars (Ch'u Tz'uˇYen Chiu Lun Wen Chi 楚辭硏究論文集), most of the scholars have interpreted Li-Sao as a patriotic poem. But lately some scholars, such as Liao P'ing(Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chiang Yi 楚辭講義), Ho T'ian Hsing (Ch'u T'zu¨ Tzo Yu¨ Han Tai K'ao 楚辭作於漢代考), and Chu Tung Jun (Ch'u Ko and Ch'u Tz'uˇ 楚歌與楚辭, Writer of Li-Sao 離騷的作者, etc.), denying the existence of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an, contended that Li-Sao is a song of "fairy excursion."In this paper, I have examined the above mentioned two directions of interpretation of Li-Sao, and analogized it's character through the analysis of the text. For the convenience of quotation of the text, I gave numbers from 1 to 188 to every line (two phrase for one line) of Li-Sao. (2) In the text of Li-Sao, lines 17-20, 40-41, 44 and 188 directly express the poet's loyalty to his king or love to the people (or the country). But most of the general purport arrives at the despair and resentment to this world. Besides, on the lines 13-16, 19, 38-39, 53, 72-87, and 145-149, we can find a description of the conduct of great sages and tyrants. These also show that Li-Sao is a patriotic poem. On the other hand, in most of the text of Li-Sao the poet describes his visionary excursion to the fairyland and heaven. On lines 54-64, we find his desire of the long journey, and on lines 72-185, we find his three-time fairy excursions. Consequently, we can say that Li-Sao is a song of fairy excursion. (3) Of course there are far more lines which support Li-Sao as a patriotic poem or song of fairy excursion. But both of these two interpretations have a good many negative expressions in themselves. We find in them defects not sufficient to assert the character of the poem as such. So I analyzed the text various ways to obtain the clear character of it. As a result, I draw a deduction that this originated from an early shaman of Ch'u. In concluding the character of Li-Sao, most important factor is an interpretation of P'eng Hsien, which is stated in the last paragraph: "Since none is worthwhile to work with in making good government, I will go and join P'eng Hsien in the place where he abides.(旣莫足與爲美政兮, 吾將從彭咸之所居)" Wang Yi commented on P'eng Hsien as a "sage of Shang dynasty, who drowned himself because his king disregarded his advice," and the last line of Li-Sao has been taken as the poet's statement of his intention to drown himself. But it is clear that his explanation has no basis. As Ho T'ien-Hsing (at Ch'u Tz'uˇ Tzo Yi Han Tai K'ao) pointed out, it is very reasonable to explain P'eng Hsien as ancient shamans, Wu P'eng and Wu Hsien, shown in: Shang Hai Ching, and "to join P'eng Hsien" means rather the poet's, intention to devote himself to occult training as a shaman. At the beginning of Li-Sao, the poet described his family lineage because early shamans were handed down from father to son as a profession. And he introduced his name(字) as Ling Chun(靈均). When we think of Wang Yi's commentary "靈, 巫也" and other shaman's name Ling Hsiu, Ling Fen, and Ling Pao of the Ch'u Tz'uˇ, the name Ling Chu¨n bespeaks itself a name of a shaman. Before his first visionary excursion, the poet paid a visit to the spirit of Emperor Shun to get his advice, which means that Shun was one of the spirit enshrined by the poet shaman. This fact also, explains why Li-Sao has so many descriptions of loyalty to the Kingand love of the country. And most of the works of Ch'u Tz'uˇ, which recorded under the, name of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an and his student Sung Yu¨, such as Chiu-Ko, T`ian-Wen, Yuan-You, P'u-Chu¨, Chiu-Pian, Chao-Hun, and Ta-Chao preserve more obvious tinges of shaman than Li-Sao. Consequently, it might be maintained that Li-Sao is a early song of shaman, neither a patriotic poem nor a song of fairy excursion.

Exploring the Effect of Comprehensibility in K-content Titles on Behavioral Intention: A Need for Cognition Perspective

Chu,Kyounghee(Kyounghee Chu),Kim,Ji Yoon(Ji Yoon Kim) 한국상품학회 2024 商品學硏究 Vol.42 No.1

This study empirically explores the impact of the comprehensibility of K-content titles on consumer evaluation. The specific objective of the research is as follows: to analyze the influence of the comprehensibility level of K-content titles on behavioral intentions (intention to watch). More specifically, this study aims to verify whether the patterns of influence of comprehensibility levels of K-content titles on consumer evaluations differ based on need for cognition(NFC) levels. The experimental results revealed differences in intention to watch K-movies depending on cognitive needs levels. In other words, viewers with lower need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with titles that are more comprehensible compared to those with less comprehensible titles. On the other hand, viewers with higher need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with less comprehensible titles compared to those with more comprehensible titles. Prior research has primarily focused on consumer responses to the comprehensibility of key messages or information within the field of communication. In this regard, by applying the concept of comprehensibility to the titles of K-Contents, this research strengthens the theoretical foundation concerning the effectiveness of message delivery and consumer response, while also deepening the understanding of global marketing strategies for K-Contents. In terms of practical implications, it emphasizes to K-Content creators and marketers that the comprehensibility of titles significantly influences consumer interest and viewing intentions. This offers critical guidance in the selection of titles and formulation of marketing strategies for K-Contents. Furthermore, optimizing content titles for a global audience with diverse cognitive needs can contribute to the successful international spread of K-Contents. Therefore, by comprehensively understanding the impact of K-Content titles on consumer evaluations, this study is expected to make significant contributions both academically and practically.

元曲 特質 小考

李桂柱 단국대학교 중어중문학과 1974 中國文學報 Vol.- No.1

龜玆樂 關聯의 개存 硏究成果 檢討 : A Critical Review

홍주희 한국음악사학회 2002 한국음악사학보 Vol.29 No.-

In order to make a systematic approach to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ music 龜玆樂, this paper is intended to investigate the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean and Chinese scholars from the 1950s to the present. Most outcomes have been studied by Chinese musicologists including P'an Huai-su 播?素, Ch'ang Jen-hsia 常任俠, Chou Chi 周吉, Ho Ch'ang-lin 何昌林, Ch'iu Ch'iung-lin 丘璟蓀, Li Ping 呂氷 and so on. Also included are such Korean scholars as An Hwak 安廓, Lee Hye-ku [Yi Hye-gu] 李惠求, Song Bang-song [Song Pang-song] 宋芳松, Cho˘n In-p'yo˘ng 全仁平 and Hong Chu-hu˘i 洪周希, and also such Japanese musicologists as Kishibe Shigeo 岸邊成雄 and Hayashi Kenzo― 林謙三. The outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music can be divided into two groups in a broad sence : the first group is the outcomes related directly with Kuei-tzu˘ music, while the other group, the outcomes related indirectly with Kuei-tzu˘ music. This paper consists of three parts : Ⅰ. Introduction, Ⅱ. The Main Issue : 1. Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music : 1) Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Ancient Period; Modal Theory Called We-tan-ch'i-sheng 五旦七聲 by Su Chih-p'o 蘇祗婆, Historical Change of Musical Scale, Musical Instruments, and General Approach to Kuei-tzu˘ Music, 2) Relation between Ancient Kuei-tzu˘ Music and Current Makam, 2. Studies of Indirectly Related with Kuie-tzu˘ Music : 1) Outcomes by Cultural Approach, 2) Outcomes by Iconographic Materials, 3) General Survey, Ⅲ. Conclusion. In conclusion it is pointed out that the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean scholars are very poor in comparison with those by Japanese and Chinese scholars. Translations of studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Kishibe Shigeo and Hayashi Kenzo― made a contribution to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Korea. The author, therefore, emphasizes that it is necessary to translate works on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Chinese scholars into Korean.

이동로봇의 여유자유도 최적화에 관한 이론적 고찰

주백석(B. Chu1),성영휘(W.H. Sung) 한국생산제조학회 2013 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.8

ADGO: analysis of differentially expressed gene sets using composite GO annotation

Nam, Dougu,Kim, Sang-Bae,Kim, Seon-Kyu,Yang, Sungjin,Kim, Seon-Young,Chu, In-Sun Oxford University Press 2006 Bioinformatics Vol.22 No.18

<P><B>Motivation:</B> Genes are typically expressed in modular manners in biological processes. Recent studies reflect such features in analyzing gene expression patterns by directly scoring gene sets. Gene annotations have been used to define the gene sets, which have served to reveal specific biological themes from expression data. However, current annotations have limited analytical power, because they are classified by single categories providing only unary information for the gene sets.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Here we propose a method for discovering composite biological themes from expression data. We intersected two annotated gene sets from different categories of Gene Ontology (GO). We then scored the expression changes of all the single and intersected sets. In this way, we were able to uncover, for example, a gene set with the molecular function <I>F</I> and the cellular component <I>C</I> that showed significant expression change, while the changes in individual gene sets were not significant. We provided an exemplary analysis for HIV-1 immune response. In addition, we tested the method on 20 public datasets where we found many ‘filtered’ composite terms the number of which reached ∼34% (a strong criterion, 5% significance) of the number of significant unary terms on average. By using composite annotation, we can derive new and improved information about disease and biological processes from expression data.</P><P><B>Availability:</B> We provide a web application (ADGO: http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO) for the analysis of differentially expressed gene sets with composite GO annotations. The user can analyze Affymetrix and dual channel array (spotted cDNA and spotted oligo microarray) data for four species: human, mouse, rat and yeast.</P><P><B>Contact:</B> chu@kribb.re.kr</P><P><B>Supplementary information:</B> http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO</P>

남녀 고등학생들의 성장에 따른 체격조사에 관한 연구

서추연 동아대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

This study was to analyze high school students'(boys and girls) body growth rate during their high school period by looking into their three years' health record. This study bald attention to the body growth status especially when the growth rate of height turns to stagnate. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as a basic data for the apparel sizing system for high school students. The results of this study are as follows. 1. According to high school students' health records, there was a significant difference in all measurement items between boys and girls. The result shows that boy's growth rate was significantly bigger than that of girls on the average. 2. According to the height growth distribution chart, 63.9% of boys fall into the category of below 2cm growth between 16 years old and 17 years old. In case of girls, most of them(98.1%) shows below 2cm height growth during the same age period. Also, 90.4% of girls grow below 2cm during the period of 17 years old to 18 years old. 3, By comparing the average growth rate of each measurement item, it was found that there are significant differences in all measurement items for boys only except sitting height. It means that boys tend to grow steadily in terms of the height, weight and bust girth. In case of girls, the differences are apparent in the height and bust girth measurements. 4. After Spearman's correlation analysis, the order of correlation based on height was sitting height > weight > bust girth. It was found that the correlation between height item and girth item was low. 5. The fatty ratio of boys and girls were similar. Rohrer's index showed that there were many thin type in both boys and girls group due to the high correlation between height and weight. However, Vervaeck's index showed that normal type was the majority followed by thin type and fat type. 6. Based on the average of height and bust girth size, this study developed apparel sizing system for high school students as follows. M size for boys - height :170cm~175cm, bust girth :85cm~91cm. M size for girls - height :155cm~165cm, bust girth :79cm~85cm. The distribution of boys based on the proposed sizing system was M>S>L, while that of girls was M>L>S.

X線照射가 免疫形成에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究 : 特히 Pyroninophilia 呈示 細胞所見 Especially in regard to Pyroninophilic cells

金周完 醫藥係社 1963 綜合 醫學 Vol.8 No.11

Sublimatography에 의한 多價 Phenol 異性體의 分離 : Sunlimatographic Separation of mixed system. Ⅱ

金柱奉 東亞大學校 1967 東亞論叢 Vol.4 No.-

2價 Phenol, 3價 Phenol의 各其의 異性體混合物의 Sublimatogaphy에 의한 分離를 하여 이들이 어느 程度로 分離되느냐를 檢討하였다. 2價 Phenol에 있어서는 Hydroquinone과 Pyrocatechol은 그 混合物에서 잘 分離되었고 Hydroquinon과 Rexorcinol, Resorcinol과 Pyrocatechol은 各其의 混合物에서 完全히 分離하는 것은 多少 困難하였다. 3價 Phenol의 異性體 Phloroglucinol과 Pyrogallol은 잘 分離되었다. 이들의 結果는 各其 單獨으로 測定된 Sample의 加熱溫度 th와 Condensed zone의 位置를 表示하는 v.c.p의 關係曲線에서 推定되는 分離性과 잘 一致된다. Sublimatographic Separation of Polyhydric Phenol Isomers were studied where by; 1) Hydroquinone(P-Compound) and Pyrocatechol(O-Compound) were Separated completelt from each other. 2) The Separation of Hydroquinone(P-Compound) and Resorcinol(m-Compound) was incomplete, although Hydroquinone could be solated purtly from the mixture. 3) The Separation ofResorcinol(m-Compound) and Pyrocatechol(O-Compound) was incomplete, while the most part of Resorcinol could be isolated. 4) Phloroglucinol and Pyrogallol were separated completely. The results were in good agreement with those expected from th-v.c.p curves.

한국 춤의 자연미 연구

김추자 창원대학교 체육과학연구소 2001 경남 체육연구 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 한국 춤의 자연미에 대하여 연구하였다. 한국에서 추어지고 있는 춤에서 ‘우리 것’이라는 개념이 사라지고 있다는 사실은 한국 춤의 존재와 가치에 대한 의구심을 갖게 한다. 이러한 현상은 한국 춤을 사상적 가치, 형성의 환경과 배경을 무시한 채 단지, 행위 모방적으로 이해한 결과이다. 이러한 한국 춤의 문제점을 극복하기 위해서는, 한국 춤이 지니고 있는 자연미적 가치와 춤으로서의 표현형식 그리고 사상적 원형의 재고가 한국 춤의 현대화에서 필수적으로 거쳐야 할 과정이다. 한국 춤이 저절로 추어지는 춤으로 자연적으로 숨쉬고 살아가듯 우리 몸에 익숙한 춤이라는 사실에 착안하여, 자연미를 토대로 한국 춤의 정신적·양식적 가치를 살핀 이 논문은, 논제에 접근하기 위해 자연미의 개념, 한국 전통예술의 자연미, 한국 춤에 나타난 자연미의 양상, 한국춤의 자연미적 가치와 현대적 수용을 탐구하는 과정으로 이루어졌다. 이러한 한국 춤의 자연미는 민족의 심상에 바탕을 두고 있기 때문에 민족사와 더불어 발전하였고, 민족사와 함께 존재할 수 있다. 한국 춤이 지니고 있는 자연미는 정신적 영역에 그 가치를 두고 있는 사실로 즉, 환경변화에 따른 사고체계의 변모에 의해 파생되는 춤 형식의 다양성과는 연계 지울 수 없다. 그러나 인간이 본능적으로 지니는 가치로 춤의 본질과 상통하기 때문에 표현의 다양성 속에 접목시킬 수 있다. 한국 춤의 자연미적 가치는 이 자연의 형상과 이치에 순응하는 스스로 그러함과 저절로 그러함에 바탕을 둔 탈인위적으로, 한국 춤의 현대화는 한국 춤의 정신적 배경을 바탕으로 형식의 현대화가 아닌 정신의 현대화의 개념으로 이루어져야 한다. 이러한 한국 춤의 자연미는 전통의 한계를 벗어난 창작의 영역에서도 한국 춤의 방향성을 설정할 수 있는 토대가 될 것으로 가늠된다.