Bacterial Community Structure Analysis for a Heavy Metal Contaminated Mine Impacted Soil Remediation Process

Min-Jeong Park,Chul-Min Chon,Jae-Gon Kim,Min-Ho Yoon,In-Hyun Nam 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Evaluating the transport and removal of chromate using pyrite and biotite columns

Chon, Chul-Min,Kim, Jae Gon,Moon, Hi-Soo John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2007 Hydrological processes Vol.21 No.14

<P>To remove chromate from a wastewater, a porous permeable reactive barrier system (PRBS), using pyrite and biotite, was adapted. This study included bench-scale column experiments to evaluate the efficiency of the PRBS and investigate the reaction process. The total chromium concentration of the effluent from the biotite and pyrite columns reached the influent concentration of 0·10 mM after passing through more than 150 pore volumes (PVs) and 27 PVs respectively, and remained constant thereafter. The Cr<SUP>VI</SUP> concentration in the effluent from the biotite column became constant at about 0·08 mM, accounting for approximately 80% of the influent concentration, after passing through 200 PVs. Moreover, in the pyrite column, the Cr<SUP>VI</SUP> concentration remained at about 0·01 mM, 10% of the input level, after passing through 116 PVs. This shows that both columns maintained their levels of chromate reduction once the Cr<SUP>VI</SUP> breakthrough curves (BTCs) had reached the steady state, though the steady-state output concentration of total chromium had reached the influent level. The variances of the iron concentration closely followed those of the chromium. The observed data for both columns were fitted to the predicted BTCs calculated by CXTFIT, a program for estimating the solute transport parameters from experimental data. The degradation coefficient µ of the total chromium BTCs for both columns was zero, suggesting the mechanisms for the removal of chromate limit the µ of the Cr<SUP>VI</SUP> BTCs. The Cr<SUP>VI</SUP> degradation of the pyrite column (6·60) was much greater than that of the biotite column (0·27). In addition, the Cr<SUP>VI</SUP> retardation coefficient R of the pyrite column (253) was also larger than that of the biotite column (125). The R values for the total chromium BTCs from both columns were smaller than those of the Cr<SUP>VI</SUP> BTC. Whereas the total chromium BTC for the pyrite column showed little retardation (1·5), the biotite column showed considerable retardation (80). The results for the 900 °C heat-treated biotite column were analogous to those of the control column (quartz sand). This suggests that the heat-treated biotite played no role in the retardation and removal of hexavalent chromium. The parameters of the heat-treated biotite were calculated to an R of 1·2 and µ of 0·01, and these values confirmed quantitatively that the heated biotite had little effect on the transport of Cr<SUP>VI</SUP>. These solute transport parameters, calculated by CXTFIT from the data obtained from the column tests, can provide quantitative information for the evaluation of bench- or field-scale columns as a removal technology for Cr<SUP>VI</SUP> in wastewater or contaminated groundwater. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

정량 X-선회절분석을 이용한 황철석 함량 결정과 산성 암반 배수 발생 평가에의 응용

전철민 ( Chul Min Chon ),김재곤 ( Jae Gon Kim ),이규호 ( Gyoo Ho Lee ) 한국광물학회 2006 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.19 No.2

토양의 물리화학적 특성, 중금속 함량, 대자율 간의 상호관계 연구

전철민 ( Chul Min Chon ),박정식 ( Jeong Sik Park ),김재곤 ( Jae Gon Kim ),이윤수 ( Youn Soo Lee ) 한국광물학회 2010 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.23 No.4

비오염토양, 폐광산 주변토양, 산업단지 주변토양을 채취하여 X-선 회절분석, pH, 전기전도도, 양이 온교환능력, 작열감량, 산화철·산화망간 함량, 중금속 함량 및 중금속 존재형태와 토양대자율의 상관관계를 파악하였다. 시료의 X-선회절분석 정량분석결과 비오염지역 토양에서는 모암에 따라 다양한 광물이 분포하고 있지만, 적철석과 자철석은 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 폐광산 주변토양은 폐광석, 광물찌꺼기 등의 영향으로 적철석이 많이 확인되었고, 일부 시료에서는 자철석도 존재하였다. 산업단지 주변시료에서는 방해석과 철백운석 등의 탄산염 광물들이 대부분의 시료에서 확인되었다. 중금속의 존재형태를 파악하기 위한 연속추출 실험 결과, 폐광산 주변지역 토양시료에서 철, 망간, 중금속 원소들은 reducible, oxidizable, residual 단계별 추출 형태로 80% 이상, 산업단지 주변시료에서는 50% 이상 존재하였다. 산업단지 주변시료의 경우, 탄산염 광물의 영향으로 carbonate 형태가 높게 나타났다. 왕수로 추출된 철, 망간, 비소, 아연 함 량은 산화철/산화망간 형태를 지시하는 dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) 용출 함량과 매우 밀접한 정의상관관계를 보여주었다. 철과 비소는 각각 왕수추출함량의 54%, 58%가 산화철/산화망간 형태과 함께 거동하는 것으로 나타났다. 대자율은 0.005∼2.131 × 10(-6) m3 kg-1의 범위로서, 시료 내에 적철석, 자철석 등 산화철 광물이 존재할 경우 대자율이 높게 측정되었다. 토양 내 중금속 함량과 대자율의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 철(r = 0.608, p < 0.01), 망간(r = 0.615, p < 0.01)과 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였으며, 카드뮴(r = 0.544, p < 0.05), 크롬(r = 0.714, p < 0.01), 니켈(r = 0.645, p < 0.05), 납(r = 0.703, p < 0.01), 아연(r = 0.496, p < 0.01) 등의 중금속 원소와도 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 철, 망간 및 중금속원소들 간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과, 왕수로 용출된 철, 망간 함량과 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 니켈, 아연 등의 중금속 함량이 정의 상관관계를 보이고 있다. 또한 산화철 및 산화망간 함량은 비소 및 니켈 함량과 밀접한 상관성이 있는것으로 나타났다. 이는 비소와 니켈은 산화철, 산화망간에 흡착되어 함께 거동함을 암시한다. This paper deals with magnetic susceptibility, mineralogy, soil properties (pH, EC, CEC, loss on ignition), iron and manganese oxides, the content and partitioning of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn), and their mutual relationship in the soil samples of an unpolluted, abandoned mine area, and industrial complex area. The various minerals derived from weathered bedrock were identified by X-ray diffraction in the unpolluted soil samples, except for the magnetic minerals. XRD analysis also revealed the existence of hematite and magnetite related to mine tailings and waste rocks in the abandoned mine area samples. The industrial complex area samples had carbonate minerals, such as calcite and dolomite, that might be due to anthropogenic deposition. The sum of the reducible, oxidizable, and residual fractions was over 80% for the abandoned mine area samples and over 50% for the industrial complex area samples using the sequential extraction method. The industrial complex area samples had a relatively high carbonate fraction that was associated with carbonate minerals. The content of aqua regia-extractable Fe, Mn, As, and Zn had a high positive correlation with the content of the dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB)-extractable method related to Fe/Mn oxide phases. The 54% and 58% of aqua regia-extractable Fe and As content, respectively, acted together with the concentrations of the DCB-extractable phases. Magnetic susceptibility values of total samples ranged from 0.005 to 2.131 × 10(-6) m3kg-1. The samples including iron oxide minerals, such as hematite and magnetite, had a high magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility showed a significant correlation with the heavy metals, Cd (r = 0.544, p < 0.05), Cr (r = 0.714, p < 0.01), Ni (r = 0.645, p < 0.05), Pb (r = 0.703, p < 0.01), and Zn (r = 0.496, p < 0.01), as well as Fe (r = 0.608, p < 0.01) and Mn (r = 0.615, p < 0.01). The aqua regia-extractable Fe and Mn content had a significant positive correlation with Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn. However, the DCB-extractable Fe and Mn content had a significant positive correlation with As and Ni, indicating that the heavy metals were associated with Fe and Mn oxide minerals.

크롬산화환원반응을 이용한 제주도 화산회토양 내 토양산화환원능 평가

전철민 ( Chul Min Chon ),안주성 ( Joo Sung Ahn ),김구영 ( Kue Young Kim ),박기화 ( Ki Hwa Park ) 韓國鑛物學會 2008 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.21 No.2

Rapid, large-scale generation of Ds transposant lines and analysis of the Ds insertion sites in rice

Kim, Chul-Min,Piao, Hai-Long,Park, Soon-Ju,Chon, Nam-Soo,Je, Byoung-Il,Bingyao Sun,Park, Sung-Han,Park, Jin-Young,Lee, Eun-Jin,Kim, Min-Jung,Chung, Woo-Sik,Lee, Kon-Ho,Lee, Young-Suk,Lee, Jeung-Joo,Wo Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2004 No.-

Rapid, large-scale generation of a Ds transposant population was achieved using a regeneration procedure involving tissue culture of seed-derived calli carrying Ac and inactive Ds elements. In the F_(2) progeny from genetic crosses between the same Ds and Ac starter lines, most of the crosses produced an independent germinal transposition frequency of 10-20%. Also, many Ds elements underwent immobilization even though Ac was expressed. By comparison, in a callus-derived regenerated population, over 70% of plants carried independent Ds insertions, indicating transposition early in callus formation. In the remaining population, the majority of plants carried only Ac. Most of the new Ds insertions were stably transmitted to a subsequent generation. An exceptionally high proportion of independent transposants in the regenerated population means that selection markers for transposed Ds and continual monitoring if Ac/Ds activities may not necessarily be required. By analyzing 1297 Ds-flanking DNA sequences, a genetic map of 1072 Ds insertion sites was developed. The map showed that Ds elements were transposed onto all of the rice chromosomes, with preference not only near donor sites (36%) but also on certain physically unlinked arms. Poulations from both genetic crossing and tissue culture showed the same distribution patterns of Ds insertion sites. The information of these mapped Ds insertion sites was deposited in GenBank. Among them, 55% of Ds elements were on predicted open-reading frame (ORF) regions. Thus, we propose an optimal strategy for the rapid generation of a large population of Ds transposants in rice.

Reprogramming of the Activity of the activator/Dissociation Transposon Family during Plant Regeneration in Rice

Kim, Chul-Min,Je, Byoung-Il,Piao, Hai-Long,Park, Soon-Ju,Kim, Min-Jung,Park, Sung-Han,Park, Jin-Young,Park, Su-Hyun,Lee, Eun-Kyeong,Chon, Nam-Soo,Won, Yong-Jae,Lee, Gi-Hwan,Nam, Min-Hee,Yun, Doh-Won,L Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2002 No.-

Many aspects of epigenetic phenomena have been elucidated via studies of transposable elements. An active transposable element frequently loses its ability to mobilize and goes into an inactive state during development. In this study, we describe the cyclic activity of a maize transposable element dissociation (Ds) in rice. in rice genome, Ds undergoes the spontaneous loss of mobility. However, and inactive state of Ds can be Changed into an active state during tissue culture. The recovery of mobility accompanies not only changes in the methylation patterns of the terminal region of Ds, but also alteration in the steady state level of the activator (Ac) mRNA that is expressed by a constitutive CaMV 35S promoter, Furthermore, the Ds-reactivation process is not random, but stage-specific during plantlet regeneration. Our findings have expanded previous observation on Ac reactivation in the tissue Culture of maize.

양이온성 폴리머를 담지한 활성탄의 질산성질소 및 6가 크롬 제거에 대한 FTIR 연구

전철민(Chul-Min Chon),조동완(Dong-Wan Cho),송호철(Hocheol Song),김용제(Yongje Kim) 한국암석학회 2012 한국암석학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

중금속 오염토양의 광물 조성 및 대자율 특성

전철민(Chul-Min Chon),박정식(Jeong Sik Park),김재곤(Jae Gon Kim),이윤수(Youn-Soo Lee) 한국암석학회 2010 한국암석학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.5

PONKCS 방법을 이용한 비정질 실리카 함유 인공광물혼합시료의 정량 X-선회절 분석

전철민 ( Chul Min Chon ),이수정 ( Su Jeong Lee ),이성우 ( Sung Woo Lee ) 한국광물학회 2013 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.26 No.1

X- 선회절 분석은 결정질 물질의 정량과 정성분석을 위한 가장 효과적인 분석기술이며, 따라서 회절자료를 이용한 매우 다양한 광물조성 정량분석법이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 비정질 실리카, 석영, 뮬라이트, 강옥으로 제조한 인공광물혼합시료를 대상으로 리트벨트법과 PONKCS (partial or no know crystal structure) 방법을 적용하여 정량 x-선회절 분석을 수행하였다. 100% 비정질 실리카와 내부표준시료 첨가 시료의 회절자료를 이용하여 PONKCS 방법으로 비정질 실리카의 결정 모형을 성공적으로 구축하였다. 비정질 실리카의 경우, 원 중량 대비 치우침의 절대값 평균은 1.85 wt%였다. 비정질 실리카의 함량이 작은 경우 상대적으로 높은 치우침을 보이는데, 이는 배경 회절패턴의 강도가 낮음에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 그밖에 석영, 뮬라이트, 강옥의 경우, 치우침의 절대값 평균은 각각 0·53 wt%, 0.87 wt%, 0.57 wt%였다. 내부표준물질 혼합법을 적용한 전통적인 리트벨트 정량분석 결과와 비교할 때 PONKCS 방법이 비정질 실리카를 포함한 인공광물혼합시료에 대하여 신뢰도 높고 성공적인 정량 분석법임을 확인해 주었다. X-ray powder diffraction is one of the most powerful techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of crystalline compounds. Thus, there exist a number of different methods for quantifying mineral mixtures using X - ray diffraction pattern. We present here the use of Rietveld and PONKCS (partial or no known crystal structure) methods for quantification of amorphous and crystallized mineral phases in synthetic mixtures of standard minerals (amorphous silica, quartz, mullite and corundum). Pawley phase model of amorphous silica was successfully built from the pattern of 100wt% amorphous silica and internal standard-spiked samples by PONKCS approach. The average of absolute bias for quantities of amorphous silica was 1.85 wt%. The larger bias observed for lower quantities of amorphous silica is probably explained by low intensities of diffraction pattern. Averages of absolute bias for minerals were 0.53 wt% for quartz, 0.87 wt% for mullite and 0.57 wt% for corundum, respectively. The PONKCS approach achieved improved quantitative results compared with classical Rietveld method by using an internal standard.