늑막저류에서의 Adenosine Deaminase 동위효소의 진단적 의의

용석중,신계철,한동표,최종환 연세대학교 원주의과대학 1991 원주의대논문집 Vol.4 No.1

植物凝集素 Trichosanthes kirilowii와 赤血球에 의한 사람 唾液의 型分類에 關한 硏究

崔碩鏞,黃迪駿 고려대학교 의과대학 1991 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.28 No.1

In order to classify the human saliva, agglutination inhibition test was performed, using a phytagglutinin, Trichosanthes kirilowii and 268 human saliva specimens. The phytagglutinin, Trichosanthes kirilowii extracts, which were absorbed by the human saliva, reacted upon the human red blood cells as inhibitor or non-inhibitor of hemagglutinin.The newly classified saliva types(inhibitor and non-inhibitor) were compared with the established saliva secretion types, blood groups and serum types statistically. On the other hand, the agglutination inhibition tests were also carried out using the saliva stains in the same methods. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. Human saliva could be classified into two groups. One group was inhibited the agg-lutnation activities of trichosanthes kirilowii extract to human red blood cells and the other was not. The frequency of the former was 67% and the latter was 33% among the Investigated 268 human saliva. 2. The new saliva types, inhibitor and non-inhibitor, showed no constant relation with the known saliva types, secretor and non-secretor. 3. The classification and distribution of the saliva types showed no constant relation with those of the other known blood groups and serum types, such as ABO, MN, TKl-D and TKN-D, TKI-T and TKN-T, TKI-M and TKN-M, IPO and NPO and ICO and NCO res-pectively. 4. The classification and distribution of the new saliva types showed some relation with those Htr human blood types. 5. This new classification of human saliva type may be applicable for the classification of human saliva stains.

충남대학교병원 마취발전의 경향에 관한 분석 : 1967년부터 - 1996년까지 from 1967 to 1996

최세진,김상수,정규돈,윤석화,신용섭,손수창,이원형,김혜자,이정은 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.2

To evaluate the specificity and historical trends of the anesthesia in Chungnam National University Hospital, anesthetic experiences of 83,572 in total performed at Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1967 to December 1996 were analyzed statistically and clinically according to age, sex, surgical department, physical status, elective and emergency surgery, premedicants, IV anesthetics, anesthetic methods, inhalational anesthetics, muscle relaxants. The results were as follows : 1. The number of cases has been steadily increased year by year. 2. The ratio of male to female was 52.8% : 47.2%. 3. According to the age, There were 44,905 cases (54%) in the group of 13-45 years. 4. According to the ASA classification of physical status, most of the cases were belonged to the class 1 & 2 (72.5%). 5. The ratio of elective to emergency was 79.4% to 20.6%. 6. Recently, glycopyrrolate has been used increasingly. 7. Thiopental sodium has been mainly used for intravenous induction agent. 8. General anesthesia has been used mainly. 9. Enflurane is the most common inhalational anesthetic agent. but Isoflurane has been used increasingly. 10. Most of muscle relaxants are Pancuronium & Vecuronium(84.5%).

북한 고등중학교 「지리」 교과서 분석 연구

최석진,남상준,류재명,손용택,이동엽 한국사회과교육연구회 2000 사회과교육 Vol.- No.33

이 연구는 남북한 통일을 대비하여 북한 고등중학교 지리 교육과정 및 교과서를 비교·분석한 것이다. 남북한의 학제와 지리과 영역의 교육과정상의 위치가 다르고 북한의 교육과정을 입수할 수 없었기 때문에, 입수한 북한의 고등중학교 1학년부터 5학년의 지리교과서 5종(1991년도부터 1993년도 발행분)을 대상으로 분석하여, 남한 6차 교육과정의 중학교 사회와 고등학교 공통사회(한국지리) 및 세계지리 내용을 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남북한 중등학교 지리교육은 교육과정상의 편제에서 북한은 고등중학교 전학년에 걸쳐서 지리가 독립과목으로 편제되어 있으나, 남한은 중학교 사회과에 통합되어 있고, 고등학교에서는 공통사회에 포함되었으며 세계지리가 선택과목으로 되어있는 등 지리교육 내용계열과 조직체계도 차이가 난다. 둘째, 지리 교육의 이념과 목표에서, 남한은 민주시민 양성을 목표로 하여 개인의 지리교육적 성취가 주된 것이나, 북한은 집단 구성원으로서의 개인 양성에 중점을 두고 있다. 이러한 차이점은 정치체제의 차이에서 비롯된 것이며 지리교육 내용의 구성과 강조점등에서 많은 차이점을 나타내게 하고 있다. 셋째, 지리교육 내용 구성과 서술 등에 차이가 있다. 국토지리와 세계지리 및 계통지리와 지지의 배열과 비중 등이 다르며, 내용의 서술에서도 차이점을 볼 수 있다. 특히, 북한에서는 국토지리와 자연지리의 비중이 높으며, 주요 개념과 용어 설명에서 남한과 다른 점이 보인다. 넷째, 교과서의 구성과 교수-학습 방법 및 자료 사용에서 차이점이 보인다. 북한에서는 실습, 실험 등이 강조되면서 실제적인 기능 향상에 많은 비중을 두고 있으며, 사진에 비해서 그림을 사용하는 삽화의 비중이 높다. 교과서의 외형적 체제와 지질 등에서 차이가 큰데, 이 점은 경제력의 차이에서 비롯된다. 본 연구 결과 남북한은 모두 지리교육을 중등학교에서 중요시하고 있으며, 지리교육을 통하여 소기의 목표 달성에 노력하고 있으나, 서로간에 상당한 차이점도 발견할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to understand the similarity and differences of the geography textbook between north and south Korea in preparation for the unification. Five geography textbooks for the first through fifth grade in secondary school were used in the analysis of the geography curriculum for secondary schools in North Korea. The major findings of the study are as follows: First, South Korea takes an integration approach to teach geography as part of the social studies education whereas North Korea treats geography as an independent subject throughout secondary school. Second, South Korea aims at nurturing democratic citizen, emphasizing individual achievement, whereas North Korea puts emphasize nurturing citizenship within community. Third, difference is noted in the organization and content of the geography curriculum between the two Koreas. North Korea puts more emphasis on national geography and natural geography than does South Korea. Forth, North Korean textbook is different from that of South Korea in that the former emphasizes on performance skills through hands-on practice and training. Also North Korean textbook uses more drawings than pictures. Despite differences in various aspects of curriculum and textbooks, there are a great deal of overlap in essential concepts and contents covered in two Koreas' geography textbooks. Both Koreas value geography education in the secondary schools and make efforts to fulfil the educational objectives in geography.

지속적 외래 복막투석 환자에서 복막염과 출구감염의 임상상 및 위험인자에 관한 임상적 고찰

최영환,김응석,김용섭,이정호 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

지속적 외래복막투석(CAPD)은 전세계적으로 말기 신부전 환자에서 널리 시행되고 있는 신대체 요법으로 지속적으로 증가하는 추세이다. 하지만 복막투석에 대한 이해, 수술 기법의 발달, 연결 기구와 도관에 대한 끊임없는 개발에도 불구하고 복막염과 도관 관련 합병증 등은 아직도 중요한 문제로 남아 있으며 복막투석의 실패 원인의 대부분을 차지하고 있으나 복막염과 출구감염의 위험 인자에 대한 보고는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 1994년 4월부터 1998년 12월까지 동국대학교 경주병원 신장내과에서 CAPD를 시행한 말기 신부전증 환자 51명을 대상으로 복막염과 출구감염의 임상상 및 위험인자에 대한 후향적 조사를 시행하였다. 복막염의 발생빈도는 환자당 0.73회/년 이었고 57.3%에서 원인균이 배양되었으며 동정된 균으로는 Staphylococcus aureus(20.4%), Staphylococcus epidemidis(14.9%), Steptococcus species(11.2%) 순 이었고 전체적으로 그람양성 균주가 68%, 복합 균주가 배양된 경우가 17.1% 였다. 복막염의 치료 결과는 항생제로만 치유된 경우가 83.4%, 도관제거 14.8%, 사망 1.8%였고 외래 치료가 44.4%, 입원하여 치료한 경우가 55.6% 였다. 위험인자에 대한 비교에서는 50세 이하환자에서 0.88 회/년, 51세 이상에서 1.21 회/년으로 고령군에서 더 높았으며(p=0.043) 활동성이 있는 군과 없는 군은 각각 0.78회/년, 1.21 회/년으로 활동성이 없는 군에서 더 높았으며(p=0.044) 직업이 없는 군에서 1.12 회/년, 직업이 있는 군에서 0.93 회/년으로 직없이 없는 군에서 발생빈도가 더 높았다(p=0.041). 또한 당뇨군에서는 연평균 1.22 회/년, 비당뇨군에서는 0.99 회/년으로 당뇨군에서 더 발생빈도가 높았고( p=0.039), 출구 감염이 있는 군에서 1.19 회/년,없는 군에서 9.98 회/년으로 출구감염이 있는 군에서 더 발생빈도가 높았다(p=0.047). 그 외 성별, 학력, 거주지, 투석액의 종류 및 도관 종류에서는 통계적 의의가 없었다. 출구감염은 환자당 0.37 회/년의 발생빈도 및 88.6%의 원인균 배양율을 보였으며, 동정된 균으로는 Staphylococcus aureus(34.3%), Staphylococcus epidermidis(17.1%), Sterptococcus species (8.6%) 순 이었고 전체 63개의 도관중 21개(33.3%) 제거되었으며 가장 많은 원인은 복막염 8예(38.1%) 와 출구감염 6예(28.6%)였다. 출구감염에 영향을 주는 인자에 대한 분석에서는 농촌에 거주하는 경우, 당뇨병이 있는 경우, Tenckhoff 카테터를 사용하는 경우에 다소 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었고 그 외에 나이, 성별, 활동성, 직업의 유무, 학력과도 연관성이 없었다. 이상의 결과로 CAPD 시행 시 환자선정에 있어 나이, 당뇨병 유무, 거주지, 직업 등의 인자를 특히 고려하여 시행해야 할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : CAPD has established itself as an effective therapeutic modality as hemodialysis or renal transplantation in the treatment of patients with end stage renal disease. Although much progress of technology of CAPD has been made, peritonitis or catheter-related complications are still important problem until now. Therefore, we investigated about risk factors which are related to peritonitis and exit infection in CAPD patients. Methods : We analysed retrospectively the clinical results of 51 patients on CAPD at Dongguk University Kyoung-ju Hospital from April 1994 to December 1998. Results : 1) There were 31 male and 20 female patients who are 28 to 79 age-old(mean age 55.4±11 years). 2) Underlying disorders of CAPD patients were diabetic nephropathy(33.3%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis(27.5%) and glomerulonephritis(17.7%) 3) The incidence of peritonitis was 0.73/year/patient and peritonitis free interval period was 9.3±1.4 months. The isolation rate of microorganisms from patients with peritonitis was 57.3% and the order of frequency of isolated organims was Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epiermidis, Steptococcus species, Pseudomonas species and Acinetobacter species. The peritonitis was treated with antibiotics only(83.4%), catheter removal(14.8%) and death(1.8%) 4) The incidence of peritonitis was higher in patients with older age(>50yr), DM, exit site infection and without occupation, physical activity according to univariate analysis (p<0.05). 5) The incidence of exit site infection was 0.37/year/patient and the order of frequency of isolated organisms was Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus species, and Pseudomonas species. The statistical analysis for risk factor of exit site infection had no significant value. The exit site infection was treated with antibiotics only(45.7), external cuff externalization(8.6%), external cuff removal(28.6%), and catheter removal(14.8%). 6) 21 of catheters(33.3%) were removed. The peritonitis and exit site infection or tunnel infection were main causes of catheter removal. The catheter survival rate was 82%, 73%, 68% and 50% at one, two, three and four years, respectively. Mean survival time of all catheters was 39.3±1.4 months. 7) The causes of death were most frequently cardiac disease(28.4%), followed by vascular disease(14.4%), malignancy(14.4%) and infections(14.4%). The patient survival rate was 92%, 82%, 78% and 70% at one, two, three and four years, respectively. Mean survival time of all patients was 61.2±1.8 months. Conclusion : Although CAPD is an effective therapeutic modality in the treatment of patients with end stage renal disease, CAPD peritonitis and exit site infection are the most important pitfalls of CAPD. From the above results, we can know that the risk factors significantly affecting the incidence of peritonitis were old age, no occupation, no physical activity, DM, and exit site infection. Therefore, we most consider the risk factors affecting the incidence of peritonitis and exit site infection when we choose the renal replace therapy in end stage renal failure.

뇌졸중후 상지부종환자에 대한 경락음압요법 치험 3 예

최정은,김용석,이경섭 경희대학교 2000 慶熙醫學 Vol.16 No.3-4

Cone beam형 전산화단층영상의 원리

최용석,김규태,황의환 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2006 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.36 No.3

The use of computed tomography for dental procedures has increased recently. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems have been designed for imaging hard tissues of the dentomaxillofacial region. CBCT is capable of providing high resolution in images of high diagnostic quality. This technology allows for 3-dimensional representation of the dentomaxillofacial skeleton with minimal distortion, but at lower equipment cost, simpler image acquisition and lower patient dose. Because this technology produces images with isotropic sub-millimeter spatial resolution, it is ideally suited for dedicated dentomaxillofacial imaging. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of cone beam scanning technology and compare it with the fan beam scanning used in conventional CT and the basic principles of currently available CBCT systems.

스포츠센터 직원들의 인구학적 특성에 따른 직무스트레스 및 직무만족의 차이

최종삼,조용철,장순용,정석진 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2002 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.12 No.1

This study purposes the influence of job stress upon job satisfaction of Sports Centers Employees demonstratively. I set up the employees of sports centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province as Population and took 300 employees in 13 sports centers using a stratified cluster random sampling. The actually used data were 278 workers except 22 employees who were judged to respond unfaithfully or to leave out some of the surveyed questions. I made a conclusion as follows through statistical analyses including reliability analysis, frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple range test. First, there was a statistical significance according to age, education, position, and working years in the job stress under personal characteristics and personalities of employees in sports centers. Second, there was a statistical significance according to age, education, position, and working years in the job satisfaction under personal characteristics and personalities of employees in sports centers.

rhBMP-2가 저칼슘식이 투여 백서의 골결손부 이유에 미치는 영향

최용석,황의환,이상래 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 2004 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.34 No.1

Purpose : To investigate the effect of rhBMP-2 on the healing of bone defect in the low calcium diet rat. Materials and Methods : To prepare the experimental model, control group was fed a normal diet and experimental group was fed a low calcium diet for 3 weeks. And then, 4 mm bicortical perforated bone defect was made on mandibular body of each rats. Experimental group was subdivided into two groups; experimental group 1 (rats given a low calcium diet before and after bone defect) and experimental group 2 (rats given a low calcium diet before and after bone defect with rhBMP-2 application). At 1, 3, 5 and 7 weeks after bone defect formation, the rats Were terminated. The healing of bone defect was assessed by three-dimensional computerized tomography, soft xray radiography, and histopathological examination. Results : The wound healing of the bone defect for control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2 showed a increase from 3 weeks after bone defect formation. The experimental group 2 showed a more increase in healing amount than control group and experimental group 1 from 5 weeks after bone defect formation and the experimental group 2 showed a complete recovery of bone defect at 7 weeks after bone defect formation. Conclusion : The healing process of bone defect is accelerated by rhBMP-2 application in the low calcium diet rats.

하악 제3대구치와 하악관과의 위치관계에 대한 파노라마 방사선사진과 cone beam형 전산화단층영상의 비교

최형수,김규태,최용석,황의환 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2008 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.38 No.3

Purpose : To assess the diagnostic accuracy and value in an imaging technique field through the comparison of cone beam computed tomography and conventional panoramic radiography in assessing the topographic relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted third molars. Materials and Methods : Participants consisted of 100 patients offered the images through cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography. PSR-9000 Dental CT system (Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Ltd, Japan) was used as the unit of cone beam computed tomography. CE-II (Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Ltd, Japan) and Pro Max (Planmeca Oy, Finland) were used as the unit of panoramic radiography. The images obtained through panoramic radiography were classified into 3 types according to the distance between mandibular canal and root of mandibular third molar. And they were classified into 4 types according to the proximity of radiographic feature. The images obtained through cone beam computed tomography based on the classification above were classified into 4 types according to the location between the mandibular canal and the root and were analyzed. And they were classified into buccal, inferior, lingual, and between roots, according to the location between mandibular canal and root. The data were statistically analyzed and estimated by χ²-test. Results : 1. There was no statistical significance according to 3 types (type l, type ll, type lll) through CBCT. 2. The results of 4 types (type A, type B, type C, type D) through CBCT were as high prevalence of CBCT 1 in type A, CBCT 2 in type B, CBCT 3 in type C, and CBCT1 in type D and those of which showed statistical significance (P value=0.03). 3. The results according to location between mandibular canal and root through CBCT recorded each 49, 25, 17, 9 as buccal, inferior, lingual, between roots. Conclusion : When estimating the mandibular canal and the roots through the panoramic radiography, it could be difficult to drive the views of which this estimation was considerable. Thus it is required to have an accurate diagnostic approaching through CBCT that could estimate the location between mandibular canal and roots.