Cowpea bruchid midgut transcriptome response to a soybean cystatin – costs and benefits of counter-defence

Chi, Y. H.,Salzman, R. A.,Balfe, S.,Ahn, J.-E.,Sun, W.,Moon, J.,Yun, D.-J.,Lee, S. Y.,Higgins, T. J. V.,Pittendrigh, B.,Murdock, L. L.,Zhu-Salzman, K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Vol.18 No.1

<P>Abstract</P><P>The insect digestive system is the first line of defence protecting cells and tissues of the body from a broad spectrum of toxins and antinutritional factors in its food. To gain insight into the nature and breadth of genes involved in adaptation to dietary challenge, a collection of 20 352 cDNAs was prepared from the midgut tissue of cowpea bruchid larvae (<I>Callosobruchus maculatus</I>) fed on regular diet and diets containing antinutritional compounds. Transcript responses of the larvae to dietary soybean cystatin (scN) were analysed using cDNA microarrays, followed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) confirmation with selected genes. The midgut transcript profile of insects fed a sustained sublethal scN dose over the larval life was compared with that of insects treated with an acute high dose of scN for 24 h. A total of 1756 scN-responsive cDNAs was sequenced; these clustered into 967 contigs, of which 653 were singletons. Many contigs (451) did not show homology with known genes, or had homology only with genes of unknown function in a B<SMALL>LAST</SMALL> search. The identified differentially regulated sequences encoded proteins presumptively involved in metabolism, structure, development, signalling, defence and stress response. Expression patterns of some scN-responsive genes were consistent in each larval stage, whereas others exhibited developmental stage-specificity. Acute (24 h), high level exposure to dietary scN caused altered expression of a set of genes partially overlapping with the transcript profile seen under chronic lower level exposure. Protein and carbohydrate hydrolases were generally up-regulated by scN whereas structural, defence and stress-related genes were largely down-regulated. These results show that insects actively mobilize genomic resources in the alimentary tract to mitigate the impact of a digestive protease inhibitor. The enhanced or restored digestibility that may result is possibly crucial for insect survival, yet may be bought at the cost of weakened response to other stresses.</P>

Enhanced delivery of liposomes to lung tumor through targeting interleukin-4 receptor on both tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells

Chi, L.,Na, M.H.,Jung, H.K.,Vadevoo, S.M.P.,Kim, C.W.,Padmanaban, G.,Park, T.I.,Park, J.Y.,Hwang, I.,Park, K.U.,Liang, F.,Lu, M.,Park, J.,Kim, I.S.,Lee, B.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2015 Journal of controlled release Vol.209 No.-

A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological lesions express tissue-specific molecular targets or biomarkers within the tissue. Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) is overexpressed in many types of cancer cells, including lung cancer. Here we investigated the properties of IL-4R-binding peptide-1 (IL4RPep-1), a CRKRLDRNC peptide, and its ability to target the delivery of liposomes to lung tumor. IL4RPep-1 preferentially bound to H226 lung tumor cells which express higher levers of IL-4R compared to H460 lung tumor cells which express less IL-4R. Mutational analysis revealed that C1, R2, and R4 residues of IL4RPep-1 were the key binding determinants. IL4RPep-1-labeled liposomes containing doxorubicin were more efficiently internalized in H226 cells and effectively delivered doxorubicin into the cells compared to unlabeled liposomes. In vivo fluorescence imaging of nude mice subcutaneously xenotransplanted with H226 tumor cells indicated that IL4RPep-1-labeled liposomes accumulate more efficiently in the tumor and inhibit tumor growth more effectively compared to unlabeled liposomes. Interestingly, expression of IL-4R was high in vascular endothelial cells of tumor, while little was detected in vascular endothelial cells of control organs including the liver. IL-4R expression in cultured human vascular endothelial cells was also up-regulated when activated by a pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, the up-regulation of IL-4R expression was observed in primary human lung cancer tissues. These results indicate that IL-4R-targeting nanocarriers may be a useful strategy to enhance drug delivery through the recognition of IL-4R in both tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells.

Prognostic factors of Acute Myelocytic leukemia: An Analysis of 132 Patients in a Single Institution

Lee, K.-H Korean Academy of Medical Science 1996 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.11 No.3

생쥐 Preantral Follicles의 체외성장 및 성숙에 있어서 Gonadotrophins의 역할

김동훈,지희준,강희규,한성원,이훈택,정길생,이호준 韓國家畜繁殖學會 1999 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.23 No.1

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of gonadotrophins on in vitro growth and maturation in mouse preantral follicles. Ovaries were removed from 12-day-old ICR mice. Follicles were dissociated enzymetically in Leibovitz L-15 medium containing 1 mg/ml collagenase and 0.2 mg/ml DNase I. The follicles were cultured on Transwell-COL membrane inserts in six well cluster dishes for 10 days. The culture medium was aMEM medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and FSH or HMG. After 10 days of growth in vitro, follicles were allowed to mature for 18-20 hr in medium supplemented with 1.5 IU/ml hCG. The oocytes were then denuded of their cumulus cells and assessed maturation status. Concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were measured with a radioimmunoassay. Oocyte diameter was determined with an ocular micrometer. The survival and Metaphase Ⅱ rates of oocytes were significantly higher in FSH treatment groups than in control group (p<0.001), but there were no differences among the groups of treated FSH concentration. The survival and Metaphase Ⅱ rates of oocytes in HMG treatment group (60.9 and 40.6%) were higher than in FSH treament group (76.6 and 48.2%) and control group (49.2 and 7.1%). The survival and Metaphase Ⅱ rates of oocytes on both FSH and LH treatment groups were no differences among the ratios of FSH and LH. Diameter of oocyte was no differences among the treatment groups, but smaller than compared to in vivo grown oocyte. Through the entire culture period, secretions of oestradiol and progesterone were significantly less in control group than in HMG and FSH treatment groups. These results suggest that gonadotrophins playa key role in in vitro culture of mouse preantral follicles. Especially, addition of FSH and LH should be more effective than FSH alone.

Developmental Capacity of Mouse Oocytes within Preantral Follicles Cultured in Medium Supplemented with Gonadotrophins

Kim, D.H.,Kang, H.G.,Kim, M.K.,Han, S.W.,Chi, H.J.,Lee, H.J.,Lee, H.T.,Chung, K.S. 韓國家畜繁殖學會 2000 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.24 No.4

본 연구는 다양한 농도의 FSH 와 LH 에서 배양된 생쥐 preantral follicles내 난자의 발생능력을 조사하고, 이러한 조건에서 배양된 난자-난구세포 복합체에서 황체화의 지표인 cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc)와 퇴행화의 지표인 cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase (P450_(17α)) mRNA의 발현정도를 조사하고, 또한 progesterone과 testosterone의 분비농도를 살펴보기 위하여 실시하였다. 체외성장된 난자의 배반포까지의 발달능력은 100 mIU/ml FSH 단독첨가군 (30.2%)과 100 mIU/ml FSH+10mIU/ml LH 첨가군 (28.0%)이 100mIU/ml FSH+100mIU/ml LH 첨가군 (22.0%)보다 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 그리고 배반포의 평균 세포수에 있어서도 FSH 단독첨가군 (50.9±26.l)과 100mIU/ml FSH+10 mIU/ml LH 첨가군 (51.0±26.1)이 100mIU/ml FSH+100mIU/ml LH 첨가군 (45.2±15.1)보다 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 난자-난구세포 복합체에서 P450scc와 P450_(17α)의 발현은 LH의 첨가농도가 증가함에 따라서 증가하였으며, 그리고 progesterone과 testosterone의 분비도 증가를 하였다. 특히, P450scc와 P450_(17α)의 발현 그리고 progesterone과 testosterone의 분비는 100mIU/ml FSH+100mIU/ml LH 첨가군 에서 다른 첨가군들에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 따라서, 이러한 결과들은 성선자극호르몬이 preantral follicles의 체외배양을 위해서는 필수적이지만, LH 첨가농도의 증가는 난자의 발생능력을 감소시킨다는 것을 보여주었다. 그리고 이러한 결과에 대한 원인의 하나는 황체화의 지표인 P450scc와 퇴행화의 지표인 P450_(17α) 발현의 증가에 의한 progesterone과 testosterone의 분비증가에 기인한 것으로 추정된다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 배양액내에 100mIU/ml FSH 혹은 100mIU/ml FSH+10 mIU/ml H의 첨가가 생쥐 preantral follicles의 체외배양을 위한 적정조건임을 제시하고 있다. The present study was conducted to examine the developmental capacity of mouse oocytes within preantral follicles cultured various concentrations of FSH and LH and the expression of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and cytochrome P450 17 a-hydroxylase (P450_(17α)) mRNA, as luteinization and atretic marker, in these culture conditions. In addition, we investigated the concentrations of progesterone and testosterone in culture medium. The developmental potential upto blastocyst of the oocytes grown jn vitro was higher in the FSH alone (30.2%) and 10 mIU/ml LH and 100 mlU/ml FSH treated (28.0%) groups than in the 100 mlU/ml LH and 100 mIU/ml FSH treated group (22.0%). And the mean numbers of cell per blastocyst was higher in the FSH alone (50.9±26.1) and 10 mIU/ml LH and 100 mIU/ml FSH treated (51.0±21.1) groups when compared to the 100 mIU/ml LH and 100 mlU/ml FSH treated group (45.2±15.1), The expressions of P450scc and P450_(17α) mRNA in the oocyte-cumulus complexes were increased with increasing of LH concentration, and also the secretions of progesterone and testosterone were increased. Especially, in the 100 mIU/ml LH and 100 mlU/ml FSH treated group, the expression of P450scc and P45017a were significantly increased, and the secretion of progesterone and testosterone were significantly increased. Therefore, these data show that gonadotrophins are essential for the in vitro culture of pre antral follicles, but that increasing of LH concentration is reduced the developmental capacity of oocytes. The cause of these findings may be due to increasing of progesterone and testosterone secretion by the enhance of P450scc and P45017" mRNA expressions, as markers of luteinization and atresia. Conclusively, this study suggest that supplementation of 100 mlU/ml FSH or 10 mlU/ml LH and 100 mIU/ml FSH may be optimal condition for the culture of mouse pre antral follicles.

食品에 있어서 有毒性農藥의 殘留量 測定 硏究 (第5報)

盧晶培,宋哲,權赫姬,金吉生,李興在,元敬豊,池文煥 國立保健硏究院 1972 국립보건연구원보 Vol.9 No.-

女性乳房症의 病理組織學的 檢索

池堤根,金聖九,朴赫石,李尙國 中央醫學社 1940 中央醫學 Vol.9 No.1

Although many facets of gynecomastia are enigmatic, the histopathologic features have been defined by several authors who have based their observation on surgically resected breasts. A histopathologic study was made on fifteen cases of gynecomastia that were observed during past five years, 1960 to 1964, at department of pathology, college of medicine, Seoul National University. It has been shown that varying degree of duct hyperplasia associated with concentric periductal fibrous tissue proliferation was the most conspicuous features of gynecomastia. Varying degree of proliferation, elongation or branching of mammary ducts were noted and the inflammatory cell infiltration predominated by lymphocytes and plasma cell was not infrequent. However, not a single case revealed formation of acini or lobules simulating female breast. The lesions were unilateral in all cases and no systemic endocrinopathy was encountered clinically.

난소에 전이된 재발성 자궁내막육종의 1예

문은주,이학림,임수현,최영주,김철,지정희 성분도병원 1990 성분도병원논문집 Vol.3 No.-

산전 초음파검사에서 본 재대탈출 및 횡경막결손을 동반한 심장이소증의 1예

최영주,백경돈,이흥섭,하부수,김상갑,지정희 성분도병원 1992 성분도병원논문집 Vol.3 No.-

영양불량환자의 중증도 적용 향상을 위한 영양지원팀 협의진료체계 개선활동의 중요성

권국환 ( Kuk Hwan Kwon ),이형순 ( Hyung Soon Lee ),유지형 ( Jee Hyoung Yoo ),지수나 ( Soo Na Chi ),박현희 ( Hyun Hee Park ),김소원 ( So Won Kim ),김경란 ( Kyung Ran Kim ),윤난희 ( Nan Hee Yun ),라경택 ( Kyoung Taek Ra ),송현정 ( H 한국정맥경장영양학회 2018 한국정맥경장영양학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Purpose: The grade of complexity in the diagnosis related group (DRG) payment system is influenced by the secondary diagnosis of specific complication and comorbidity level, in which moderate or severe malnutrition is included. This study examined an existing proportion of patients with malnutrition who were supposed to be qualified for the complexity level and devised quality improvement measures to increase the proportion of qualifying complexity payments. Methods: The goal of the activities was to increase the rate of complexity payment claims for patients with malnutrition (%). Cases ineligible for the DRG payment system and cases with no diagnosis of malnutrition were excluded. We established a collaborative system between the nutrition support team and departments related to each improvement factor (i.e., patient care, medical records, insurance review, and medical information). Results: Before implementing the activities, this study investigated the current level of complexity payment claims for malnutrition patients who were discharged within a specific period (June 1, 2015∼August 31, 2015). The results showed that complexity payment claims were filed in 10.00% (2 of the 20 malnutrition cases). After the activities, the rate of complexity payment claims for the patients with malnutrition within the study period (June 1, 2016∼August 31, 2016) was 46.43% (26 out of 56), showing an approximately 364% increase from the pre activity rate. This change was statistically significant according to the chi-square test on Microsoft Excel 2010 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Collaborative efforts by the related departments enabled the smooth implementation of each activity. In addition, moderate or severe malnutrition was revealed to be a variable in the complexity-specific payment system. In the future, hospital-wide awareness and effort are crucial to promot the steady practice of these activities and expand their implementation.