원측(圓測),의상(義相)의 언어관과 7세기 향가(鄕歌)의 관련성 여부

서철원 ( Cheol Won Seo ) 韓國古典文學會 2012 古典文學硏究 Vol.42 No.-

Both of Won-Cheuk and Ui-Sang concentrated on gradual method which was accomplished between speaker and receiver, agent and object. But, Won-Cheuk thought that as ``consciousness`` while Ui-Sang was interested in pursuing the general Law. And in contrast of Won-Cheuk who was concerned about interdependent relation, Ui-Sang has attempted to academicize the relationship of connections and inclusions along with stratum like three yana-one yana. Nevertheless like these differences, they have homogeneity in the point of considering the spiritual faculty of the receiver and focused on the usefulness and essence of language as a means of translating the Buddhist doctrines in a logical and sentimental way. The effect of language which Won-Cheuk and Ui-Sang formulated in was reflected in the five songs of Hyang-ga of the 7th century. But there must be some elements which are not explained by their view on language. It should be known as an independent principle of cultural history regardless of thinkers` theories. 이 논문을 통해 圓測과 義相의 언어관과 향가, 게송을 비롯한 신라 문학사와의 관련 가능성을 제기하고자 한다. 원측은 언어로 표현된 대상의 실재성 여부보다는 주체의 내면에 자리하여 대상과의 관계를 통해 구체화되는 ‘識’의 문제가 더욱 중요하다고 보았다. 주체와 대상의 고정된 역할보다는 그 상호작용을 더 중시한 것이다. 이에 따라 논쟁 과정에서도 시비를 가린 끝에 어느 한쪽이 우세해진 모양보다는, 서로 대칭을 이룬 상보적 관계의 형성을 이상으로 삼았다. 반면에 의상은 원측과는 대조적으로 언어의 목적과 수사방식이 다르다면, 그 다른 언어가 각자 갖는 역할과 영역을 구별해야 한다고 보았다. 따라서 언어의 제 요소들 사이의 차이점과 단계의 상하 관계에 주목하였다. 이들이 활동했던 7세기 무렵의 향가는 이들의 언어관 사이의 대칭을 연상시키는 흐름을 보인다. 그것은 ①주체와 대상 사이의 관계에 주목한 경우, ②서로 대칭되는 인간관계가 등장한 사례, ③시어의 비유와 상징을 활용한 작품 등이었다. 이들에 대한 분석으로부터 앞서 제시한 언어관의 대칭 양상을 확인할 가능성을 개진하였다. 본고의 성과가 암시한 가능성을 토대로 신라 문학사의 전개 양상을 보다 구체적으로 해명하는 것이 앞으로의 과제이다.

Prevention of medical malpractice and disputes through analysis of lawsuits related to coronary angiography and intervention

Cheol Won Hyeon,Won Lee,So Yoon Kim,Ji Yong Park,Su Hwan Shin 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.3

Background/Aims: Possible fatal complications arising from coronary angiography (CAG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery disease itself, are likely to cause medical disputes. Presenting the current status and reasons for judgments given in lawsuits related to CAG/PCI, this study aimed to identify ways to prevent unnecessary disputes and medical malpractice suits related to CAG/PCI through lawsuit analysis. Methods: A total of 13 cases (20 judgments) found in the Supreme Court of Korea’s Written Judgment Management System from 1998 to 2017 were analyzed. Results: Coronary artery injury was the most common causative complication that led to lawsuits (n = 6, 46%). Six cases (46%) were ruled in favor of the plaintiff for violation of duty of care (n = 4) and duty of explanation (n = 2), respectively. Cases that violated duty of care included two errors in intra-procedure device manipulation, one in pre-procedure diagnosis, and one in management of post-procedure complication. Lack of explanation regarding the risk of complications was pointed out in both cases that violated duty of explanation. The average awarded amount for the damages was 114,436,064 Korean won. Conclusions: Physicians need not fear unfair judgments so long as they follow standard of care because the Court consistently looked at the probability, the foreseeability, and the evidence. Therefore, maintaining standard of care is important. Besides, specific, detailed, and comprehensible explanations, including the risk of complications in addition to the necessity of procedures, are important to ensure the patient clearly understands the possible risk of adverse outcomes.

응급실로 내원한 장중첩증의증 환아의 진단방법에 대한 임상적 고찰

원형섭,박정배,표창해,김형수,박철완,이근 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriate diagnostic methods for the patients with suspected intussusception. Intrssusception is a state that a portion of alimentary tract is telescoped into a segment just caudad to it, and has a characteristic symptoms of cyclic irritability, vomiting, bloody stools and palpable mass, It is the most common cause of acute or acquired intestinal obstruction in infants and children, and needs early diagnosis and immediate treatment. Authors reviewed retrospectively medical records of 411 infants & children with suspected intussusception from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1994 and report the results with literature reviews. The results were as followings; 1) 263 cases were definite intussusception(DI) out of 411 suspected intussusception(SI). 2) The male to female ratio was 2.3 : 1 in SI and 2.8 : 1 in DI. 3) The distribution of age revealed that 85% of SI and 84% of DI were under 24 months old, and the most common age was 8 months in SI and 10 months in DI. 4) There were upper respiratory infection in 84 cases(2)%), gastroenteritis in 32 cases(8%) and bronchiolitis in 8 cases(2%) as preceding diseases. 5) The simple X-ray showed gaseous bowel distension in 212 cases(52%). 6) The most common symptoms and signs were cyclic irritability and abdominal pain(94%), bloody stools(72%), palpable abdominal mass(47%), in order. 7) Of 411 patients, 252 cases(61%) were diagnosed and treated by air enema(228 cases) and/or exploration(24 cases). Among 296 cases(72%) who showed bloody stools in digital rectal examination and glycerin enema, 245 cases(83%) were confirmed as intussusception through air enema and/or operative intervention, and that corresponds to 93% of DI. 8) Intestinal perforation as complication occurred in 3 of 393 cases who underwent air and barium enema, but all of them recovered without any sequelae after operation. Conclusively, it is thought that air enema preceded by digital rectal examination and glycerin enema is safe and useful method in diagnosis and treatment of infants and children with SI.

태아 간의 혈관속적혈구형성

이원복,류철수,김경용 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.4

흉골 골절의 의의에 관한 임상적 연구

원형섭,황성연,박정배,이준형,박철완,이근 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

It has been known that sternal fracture increases the risk of potentially life-threatening injuries, such as myocardial, pulmonary, and thoracic vascular injuries, and it has 25% to 45% of mortality, primarily resulting from these underlying injuries. The authors reviewed retrospectively the medical records and radiographic findings of the patients who admitted with sternal fracture at Chung Ang Gil Hospital from 1 June 1994 to 31 December 1995 to evaluate the significance and clinical course of sternal fracture. The results were followings: 1. The male to female ratio was 3:2 and the mean age was 43.1 and 45.4 years old in male and female, respectively. 2. Motor vehicle occupant accident was the most common cause of sternal fracture. 3. Of 33 cases, there was no death, but common associated injuries which were rib fracture, hemothorax, lung contusion, vertebral fracture, penumothorax, long bone fracture, myocardial contusion, flail chest, facial chest, facial bone fracture, and pericardial effusion, in order. 4. The clinical course of sternal fracture was determined primarily by associated injuries except for communited sternal fracture. 5. The patients with isolated sternal fracture, who had an otherwise normal chest x-ray, normal electrocardiogram, no other significant associated injuries and are hemodynamically stable, had a benign clinical course.

사지의 주요 동맥손상의 처치: 23증례에 대한 분석

원형섭,김상은,배성만,박철완,이 근,조상훈,김상일,우병완 大韓應急醫學會 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Extremity vascular trauma is common in most emergency centers, and controversy remains about the optimal management of arterial injuries. Retrospectively we reviewed the records of 23 patients who had upper or lower extremity arterial trauma from July 1994 to December 1995. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our department`s management policy to major arterial injuries. The leading cause of major arterial injuries was penetrating trauma. We found that there were clinical findings such as absence of or decreased strength of pulsation(82.6%), cool ischemic extremity(69.6%), large expanding hematoma(43.5%), major bleeding(17.4%) and bruit or thill(8.7%). We gave the priority to management of life-threatening injuries and applied the pressure dressing to wounds as early as possible. There were 18 men(78.3%) and 5 women(21.7%); the mean age was 35(range 20-56 years old) years. There were 12 arterial injuries(52.2%) in the upper extremity and 11 arterial injuries(47.8%) in the lower exteremity. The most commonly injured artery was the brachial artery in the upper(34.8%) and the femoral artery in the lower(30.4%) extremity. The etiology included knife stabbing in 10 patients(43.5%), motor vehicle accidents in 6(26.1%), industrial accidents in 4(17.4%), falls in 2(8.7%) and a farm equipment accident in 1 patient(4.3%). The associated injuries were muscle injuries(78.3%), fracture(56.5%), nerve injuries(52.2%), vein injuries(43.5%), shock(17.4%) and dislocation(13.0%). All patients with arterial injuries were given a preoperative prophylactic antibiotic and TIG(tetanus immunoglobulin). We used Doppler technique as a means of detecting the blood flow. Fourteen patients(60.9%) underwent preoperative arteriography in the radiology department. We performed surgical exploration as soon as major arterial injuries were suspected. The most common methods of treating major arterial injuries were interposition vein graft(69.6%) and end to end anastomosis(21.7%). Systemic or locally infused heparin was used for all vascular repairs. In many of our patients(56.5%), fasciotomy was performed before the vascular repair, as a part of the exploration of the distal arteries. There were 2 amputations(8.7%) but no death. The reason for secondary amputation were wound infection in one and failure to achieve sufficient arterial flow to the involved extremity with resulting gangrene in the other. As the time factor is vitally important in the management of arterial injuries, we advocate prompt and early surgical treatment within 6 hours of the trauma. In conclusion, we believe that the crucial factorsin successful management of major arterial injuries of the extremities are early diagnosis, prompt treatment, complete debridement, fasciotomy when indicated, and simultaneous treatment of concomitant injuries.

광주지역 황룡강 수계의 식물상

조원철,임동옥 호남대학교산업기술연구소 2011 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.17 No.2

본 논문은 2008년 3월부터 10월까지 황룡강 수계 중 광주광역시에 포함된 총 7개 조사지역에서 식물상과 수생식물의 분포를 분석하였다. 조사 결과 전체 식물상은 81과 220속 279종 37변종 1품종으로 총 317종류가 확인되었다. 수생식물은 30과 55속 67종 8변종으로 총 75종류가 나타났으며, 생육환경별 조건에 따라 수생식물 중 정수식물 22종, 부엽식물 7종, 침수식물 7종, 부유식물 2종 및 습생식물 37종이 각각 확인되었고, 환경부 지정 멸종위기종은 나타나지 않았으며, 산림청지정 희귀 및 멸종위기식물로는 자라풀 1종이 확인되었다. 각 조사지역에서 조사된 귀화식물은 14과 40속 46종 3변종으로 총 49종류가 확인 되었으며, 평균 도시화지수는 18.4%, 귀화율은 15.5%였다. 주요어: 황룡강, 수생식물, 멸종위기종, 귀화식물 This study was identified on the flora and distribution of hydrophytes of the 7 sites selected in Hwang-Yong River through Gwangju from March to October, 2008. In this survey, flora were identified as 317 taxa; belonging to 81 families, 220 genera, 279 species, 37 varieties and 1 forms. Rare and endangered plants selected by Forest Ministry were appeared Hydrocharis dubia. The hydrophytes were classified 75 taxa; 30 families, 55 genera, 67 species and 8 varieties. Among the hydrophytes emerged plants were 22, floating-leaved plants were 7, submerged plants were 7, free floating plants were 2 and swamp hydrophytes were 37 species respectively in Hwang-Yong River. The Ministry of Environment help protect Endangered Species has not been verified, Specify the rare and endangered plants, the Forest Service check out a piece of paper was Hydrocharis dubia. Naturalized plants were identified 49 taxa;14 families, 40 genera, 46 species and 3 varieties. The urbanization index(UI) was 18.4% and the urbanization rate(NR) was 15.5% of which were investigated 7 each sites. Key words: Hwang-Yong River, Hydrophytes, Endangered Species, Naturalized Plants

연마방법에 따른 탄성의치의 표면거칠기와 Candida albicans의 부착율 변화

오주원,서재민,안승근,박주미,강철균,송광엽 대한치과보철학회 2012 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.50 No.2

연구 목적: 본 연구는 탄성의치 제작 시 주로 사용되는 polyamide를 수종의 연마방법을 사용하여 처리 후 Candida albicans의 부착정도와 표면거칠기를 비교하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 25×15×2 mm 크기의 polyamide 시편을 4군으로 나누어 연마재를 사용하여 기공용 lathe 연마하는 방법(기공실내 연마방법)과 각기 다른 2종의 실리콘 포인트로 진료실내 연마하는 방법, 그리고 실리콘포인트 연마 후 pumice로 연마하는 방법으로 처리하였다. C. albicans의 부착성을 평가하기 위해 5×106 CFU/ml의 C. albicans 현탁액에 시편을 2시간 동안 침적하였고 5회 수세처리 후 한천배지에서 배양하였다. 그리고 주사전자 현미경(JSM-5900, JEOL LTd., Tokyo, Japan) 촬영을 시행하였다. Profilometer (Surf-pak; Kawasaki, Japan)를 이용하여 표면거칠기를 측정하였고 통계처리를 위하여 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 일원변량분석으로 비교 분석하였고 사후검증은 C. albicans의 부착성 검증을 위해 Scheffe test를 시행하였으며 표면조도검증을 위해 Tamhane’s T2 test를 시행하였다(α=.01). 결과: 최대 거칠기 값을 보인 군은 2단계의 연마용 버를 사용한 것으로 0.32 ㎛±0.10 값을 나타냈으며, 가장 낮은 거칠기 값을 보인 것은 tungsten carbide를 사용하지 않고 기공용 lathe로만 연마를 한 군으로 0.02 ㎛±0.00의 거칠기 값을 나타냈다. C. albicans 부착 실험에서는 기공용 lathe만을 이용한 연마방법이 가장 적은 부착수를 보였으며 다른 세 군과 유의한 차이가 발견되었다(P<.01). 결론: 표면거칠기 및 미생물 부착능 실험 결과 기공실 연마만을 시행한 경우 유의하게 낮은 거칠기 값과 부착율을 보였다. Pumice로 추가 연마한 군은 진료실연마를 시행한 군에 비해 낮은 거칠기 값을 보였으나 C. albicans 부착에 있어서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>.01). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 3 chairside polishing methods and laboratory polishing methods on surface roughness and C. albicans adhesion of polyamide denture base. Materials and methods: Using contact profilometer, the surface of polyamide specimens (25×15×2 mm) was studied after conventional polishing without finishing and after chiarside polishing with 2 chiarside polishing kits and chairside-pumice polishing following finishing with tungsten carbide bur. To evaluate the adhesion of C. albicans, C. albicans suspension was overlayed on the test specimen. And the specimens were incubated for 2 hours. Imprint culture method was achieved and counted the colony on the agar plate. Polished polyamide were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The statistics were conducted using one-way ANOVA and in case of difference, Scheffe test and Tamhane’s T2 test were used. Results: Surface roughness (Ra) of surfaces polished with 2 chairside polishing kits had higher than conventional polishing and pumice polishing. The highest roughness value was 0.32 ± 0.10 ㎛, and the lowest was 0.02 ± 0.00 ㎛. The adhesion of C. albicans on the specimens polished with chairside polishing group and pumice polishing group were increased than conventional polishing group (P<.01). Conclusion: Conventional laboratory polishing was found to produce the smoothest surface and the lowest adhesion of C. albicans. Two groups polished with Chairside polishing kits were similar with respect to surface roughness. Surface of the specimen polished with pumice is significantly smoother than 2 chairside polishing groups, but the result of C. albicans adhesion is that group polished with pumice was similar with 2 chairside polishing groups (P>.01).

탄성파자료 속도분석에 관한 연구

서만철,이원국 공주대학교 기초과학연구소 1992 論文集 Vol.30 No.1

A study on seismic velocities was carried out through theoretical calculation and interpretation of real seismic shot records acquired in the Yellow Sea region. Seismic data were recoreded for 5 seconds using a tuned airgun array of about 1830 in3 and a 3250 m long marine streamer. Theoretical studies shows that stacking velocity becomes larger than both root mean square velocity and average velocity for a given subsurface model. This implies that velocity data driven from the velocity analysis program of seismic data processing package should be diminished for the use of those velocities in migration process and depth conversion of seismic sections. Velocity data computed using seismic refraction method represent the existence of a major velocity discontinuity at a depth of about 566 m below sea level. Velocities of the upper and lower units are 1639m/sec and 2273m/sec, respectively. The upper layer is interpreted as an unconsolidated sedimentary layer and the lower unit as a consolidated clastic sedimentary layer. The prominent velocity discontinuity is interpreted as the mid-Miocene regional unconformity of the Yellow Sea region.

유산균 용균 효소를 생산하는 미생물의 분리, 동정 및 배양조건

신원철,마호우 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

토양으로부터 Lactobacillus plantarum에 대하여 용균 활성이 있는 미생물을 분리하여 동정 및 배양 조건을 검토하였다. 용균 활성이 있는 분리 균주는 Gram 양성으로 포자와 편모는 존재하지 않았다. 분리 균주의 배양학적 특성은 colony 형태가 불규칙하였고 색깔은 흰색이었으며 표면은 거치른 상태이었다. 그 외 생리학적 특성으로는 생육온도 범위가 15~45℃, 생육 pH 범위는 4~10이었다. 또한 염농도가 7%까지 생육이 가능하였고 catalase, oxidase 양성 및 starch, casein, esculin 분해능이 있었다. 이상의 결과와 당이용성과 당발효성을 검토한 결과로부터 분리 균주는 Bacillus sp.로 동정되어 Bacillus sp. LM-8로 명명하였다. Bacillus sp. LM-8을 이용한 용균 효소의 생산은 NB 배지에서 초기 pH 8, 30℃에서 24시간 배양하였을 때 약 1.25 units/ml를 나타내었다. 또한 배지조성 검토 결과 당은 용균 효소 생산에 커다란 영향이 없었고 peptone 1.0%, NaCl 0.1%에서 약 1.5 units/ml의 용균 효소 생산을 나타내었다. Isolation, identification, and culture conditions of a lytic enzyme producing microorganism against Lactobacillus plantarum were investigated. The selected strain was gram-positive, rod (0.7×2.7 ㎛ in size), and non-motile. The strain did not have any flagella and spores. According to its cultural and physiological characteristics, the strain was identified as Bacillus sp. The optimal pH and temperature for the production of lytic enzyme were 8.0 and 30℃, respectively. The maximum enzyme activity showed 1.5 units/ml in the medium composed of 1% peptone and 0.1% NaCl.