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Chanil Park,Seok-Woo Son,Jung-Hoon Kim 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.4
The nature of the vertical motion responsible for the summertime heavy rainfall events (HREs) in Korea is quantitatively examined. By compositing 318 HREs in June – September 1979 – 2018, it is found that the synoptic conditions of the HREs are typically characterized by a developing surface cyclone with a southwesterly low-level jet, and a well-defined upper-level jet streak and trough. This baroclinic environment allows for well-organized vertical motion over Korea at the east of the upper-level trough and the equatorward side of the upper-level jet entrance. The relative importance of dynamic and diabatic forcings in driving the vertical motion is quantified by solving the quasi-geostrophic omega equation. It turns out that the dynamic forcing, defined as Q-vector convergence, is comparable to the diabatic forcing in the developing stage of the HREs. The diabatic forcing, however, becomes more important in the mature stage as latent heating rapidly increases. The decomposition of Q-vector into the transverse (cross-isentropic) and shear wise (along-isentropic) components reveals that the dynamic uplift is largely caused by the shear wise Q-vector convergence which is closely related to the developing trough in the upper-to-middle troposphere on the west of the HREs. This result indicates that the HREs in Korea are organized by the baroclinic trough coupled to moist processes. The thermally-direct secondary circulation at the entrance region of the upper-level jet, which has been highlighted in the literature, plays a relatively minor role.