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DISCOVERY OF A FAINT QUASAR AT <i>z</i> ∼ 6 AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMIC REIONIZATION
Kim, Yongjung,Im, Myungshin,Jeon, Yiseul,Kim, Minjin,Choi, Changsu,Hong, Jueun,Hyun, Minhee,Jun, Hyunsung David,Karouzos, Marios,Kim, Dohyeong,Kim, Duho,Kim, Jae-Woo,Kim, Ji Hoon,Lee, Seong-Kook,Pak, IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.813 No.2
<P>Recent studies suggest that faint active galactic nuclei may be responsible for the reionization of the universe. Confirmation of this scenario requires spectroscopic identification of faint quasars (M-1450 > -24 mag) at z greater than or similar to 6, but only a very small number of such quasars have been spectroscopically identified so far. Here, we report the discovery of a faint quasar IMS J220417.92+011144.8 at z similar to 6 in a 12.5 deg(2) region of the SA22 field of the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS). The spectrum of the quasar shows a sharp break at similar to 8443 angstrom, with emission lines redshifted to z = 5.944 +/- 0.002 and rest-frame ultraviolet continuum magnitude M-1450 = -23.59 +/- 0.10 AB mag. The discovery of IMS J220417.92+011144.8 is consistent with the expected number of quasars at z similar to 6 estimated from quasar luminosity functions based on previous observations of spectroscopically identified low-luminosity quasars. This suggests that the number of M-1450 similar to 23 mag quasars at z similar to 6 may not be high enough to fully account for the reionization of the universe. In addition, our study demonstrates that faint quasars in the early universe can be identified effectively with a moderately wide and deep near-infrared survey such as the IMS.</P>
Kim, Yongjung,Im, Myungshin,Jeon, Yiseul,Kim, Minjin,Hyun, Minhee,Kim, Dohyeong,Kim, Jae-Woo,Taak, Yoon Chan,Yoon, Yongmin,Choi, Changsu,Hong, Jueun,Jun, Hyunsung David,Karouzos, Marios,Kim, Duho,Kim, American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.855 No.2
<P>To date, most of the luminous quasars known at z similar to 6 have been found to be in maximal accretion with the Eddington ratios, lambda(Edd) similar to 1, suggesting enhanced nuclear activities in the early universe. However, this may not be the whole picture of supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth, since previous studies have not reached faint quasars that are more likely to harbor SMBHs with low lambda(Edd). To gain a better understanding of the accretion activities in quasars in the early universe, we obtained a deep near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of a quasar, IMS J220417.92+011144.8 (hereafter IMS J2204+0112), one of the faintest quasars that has been identified at z similar to 6. From the redshifted C IV lambda 1549 emission line in the NIR spectrum, we find that IMS J2204+0112 harbors a SMBH with a solar mass of about a billion and lambda(Edd) similar to 0.1, but with a large uncertainty in both quantities (0.41 dex). IMS J2204+0112 has one of the lowest Eddington ratios among quasars at z similar to 6, but a common value among quasars at z similar to 2. Its low lambda(Edd) can be explained with two scenarios; the SMBH growth from a stellar-mass black hole through short-duration super-Eddington accretion events or from a massive black hole seed (similar to 10(5) M-circle dot) with Eddington-limited accretion. NIR spectra of more faint quasars are needed to better understand the accretion activities of SMBHs at z similar to 6.</P>
Are Quasars Growing Fast in the Early Universe?: The Lowest Eddington Ratio Quasar at z~6
Yongjung Kim,Myungshin Im,Yiseul Jeon,Minjin Kim,Minhee Hyun,Dohyeong Kim,Jae-Woo Kim,Yoon Chan Taak,Yongmin Yoon,Changsu Choi,Jueun Hong,Hyunsung David Jun,Marios Karouzos,Duho Kim,Ji Hoon Kim,Seong- 한국천문학회 2017 天文學會報 Vol.42 No.2
Discovery of a Faint Quasar at z ~ 6 and Implications for Cosmic Reionization
Yongjung Kim,Myungshin Im,Yiseul Jeon,Minjin Kim,Changsu Choi,Jueun Hong,Minhee Hyun,Hyunsung David Jun,Marios Karouzos,Dohyeong Kim,Duho Kim,Jae-Woo Kim,Ji Hoon Kim,Seong-Kook Lee,Soojong Pak,Won-Kee 한국천문학회 2016 天文學會報 Vol.41 No.1
Antipsychotics and dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms in delirium patients
KIM, JEE-YEON,JUNG, IN-KWA,HAN, CHANGSU,CHO, SOOK-HAENG,KIM, LEEN,KIM, SEUNG-HYUN,LEE, BUN-HEE,LEE, HEON-JEONG,KIM, YONG-KU Blackwell Science Pty 2005 Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Vol.59 No.2
<P>Abstract </P><P>The main objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between treatment responses of delirium and genetic polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter. The optimal dosages of haloperidol and risperidone in the treatment of delirium were also investigated. Either haloperidol or risperidone was administered to delirium patients, and delirium symptoms were measured daily until remission. Variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms of the dopamine transporter were determined using the polymerase chain reaction. Among 42 subjects, symptoms of delirium appeared a mean of 9.68 days after hospitalization. A majority of the subjects (83.3%) had the type 10/10 polymorphism. Dosages of haloperidol and risperidone at the day of recovery were 1.67 mg/day (SD = 1.32; range 0.5–2.5 mg/day) and 1.19 mg/day (SD = 1.14; range 0.5–5.0 mg/day), respectively. The mean drug response time was 8.5 days in the haloperidol group and 4.8 days in the risperidone group (no significant difference). The response rates at the 3rd and 7th days after medication did not differ with either the drug group or the dopamine transporter polymorphism. Relatively low doses of risperidone and haloperidol exhibited similar efficacies, and dopamine transporter polymorphisms do not appear to play a major role in the action of antipsychotics on delirium.</P>
S-55 Risk factors for metachronous recurrence after ESD
( Yoomi Kim ),( Changsu Chung ),( Jun-won Chung ),( Su Young Kim ),( Kyung Won Kim ),( Dong Kyun Park ),( Kwang An Kwon ),( Kyoung Oh Kim ),( Yoon Jae Kim ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1
Background/Aim: Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely accepted as curative treatment method for early gastric cacner (EGC) worldwide, metachronous recurrence often occurs after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer. But, there is insufficient data about the role of?Helicobacter pylori?(H. pylori) infection and other risk factors for recurrence. We aimed to compare the metachronous lesion in the?H.pylori?persistent group and the negative group and to identify risk factors for metachronous lesion.?Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 782 patients who underwent ESD for between January 2008 and December 2013. We excluded patients with dysplasia or patients not tested forH.pylori?infection. Patients were classified into the persistent group (n=18) or negative group (n=167) and the follow up data were analyzed retrospectively.?Results: : A total 185 patients were enrolled. Successful eradication was achieved in 167 patients (90.2%). At 61.1 month`s median follow up, metachronous recurrence was diagnosed in 24 patients (12.9%), including 12 cancers and 12 dysplasias. The incidence of metachronous gastric lesions developed more in > 70 year-old group (p=0.021) and?H. pylori?persistent (non-eradicated or failed) group (p=0.006) Conclusions:?H. pylori?infection and old age were independent risk factor for metachronous gastric lesions after ESD in early gastric cancer. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, early gastric cancer, endoscopic submucosal dissection
YoungJong Kim,JinKyung Park,WonSub Kang,SuKang Kim,Changsu Han,HaeRi Na,HaeJeong Park,JongWoo Kim,YoungYoul Kim,MoonHo Park,JongWoo Paik 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.1
Objective-Mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent and early feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The morphologic changes observed in the AD brain could be caused by a failure of mitochondrial fusion mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of two genes involved in mitochondrial fusion mechanisms, optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2), were associated with AD in the Korean population by analyzing genotypes and allele frequencies. Methods-One coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MFN2, rs1042837, and two coding SNPs in the OPA1, rs7624750 and rs9851685, were compared between 165 patients with AD (83 men and 82 women, mean age 72.3±4.41) and 186 healthy control subjects (82 men and 104 women, mean age 76.5±5.98). Results-Among these three SNPs, rs1042837 showed statistically significant differences in allele frequency, and genotype frequency in the co-dominant 1 model and in the dominant model. Conclusion-These results suggest that the rs1042837 polymorphism in MFN2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
육계에서 에너지 및 조단백질 저감 사료 내 효소제의 적용 효과
김웅래(Woong Lae Kim),권소희(So Hee Kwon),김관응(Kwan Eung Kim),김은집(Eun Jib Kim),안수현(Su Hyun An),공창수(Changsu Kong),김수기(Soo Ki Kim),안병기(Byoung Ki An) 한국가금학회 2020 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.47 No.3
대사에너지와 조단백질 수준을 낮춘 실험사료 내에 여러 종류의 효소제를 첨가, 급여하고 성장 성적을 조사함으로써 효소제의 가치를 평가하기 위한 목적으로 본 연구를 수행하였다. 부화 직후 동일한 사양 조건과 사료 급여 조건에서 사육한 7일령 수평아리 750수를 공시하였고(5처리, 6반복, 반복당 25수), 대사에너지와 조단백질 수준을 Ross 308의 권장 수준에 유사하도록 배합한 시판사료를 대조구로 하였고, 대사에너지를 100 kcal 낮추고, 조단백질 수준을 1.0% 저감시킨 사료에 4종의 효소제품을 각각 첨가한 실험사료 급여구(T1-T4)로 구분하였다. 21일령까지 전기사료(starter diet)를, 이후 28일령까지 후기사료(grower diet)를 급여하였다. 에너지 및 조단백질 저감 사료 내 효소제 첨가 급여 후 증체량과 사료섭취량에서는 처리간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 사육 전 기간의 사료요구율(FCR)은 고에너지 대조구에서 유의하게 낮은 결과가 관찰되었고(P<0.001), 효소제 첨가구간에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 대조구의 1.5 kg 도달 추정 일령은 26.34일이었고, 효소제를 첨가한 처리구에서는 26.39일(T2)부터 26.84일(T4) 사이로 추정되었다. 혈액 영양지표 성분의 농도에서는 처리간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 맹장균총 수에서는 차이가 없었으나, 우점균 조성에서는 처리간에 차이를 관찰할 수 있었다. 공장 내용물의 점도에서는 처리간에 차이가 없었으나, 회장 내용물 점도는 T2 첨가구에서 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 에너지와 조단백질 수준을 낮춘 실험사료 내 효소제의 첨가급여는 사료요구율을 제외한 성장 성적에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 생리적 지표에서도 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. This study investigated the effects of the addition of commercial enzyme products to broiler feed with reduced levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein on the growth performance, blood profiles, and cecal microflora. A total of 750 seven-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five treatment groups with six replicates (25 birds/replicate) for 28 days. A corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet was formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient recommendations and used as the control diet. Experimental diets with metabolizable energy reduced by 100 kcal/kg and crude protein by 1% were formulated containing four different commercial enzyme products. Feed intake and weight gain were not affected by the dietary treatments; however, feed conversion ratios were significantly lower (P<0.01) in the control group than in the other treatment groups during the entire experimental period. There were no significant differences in the blood profiles and cecal microflora between the dietary treatments. However, the viscosity of jejunal contents in chicks fed a diet with enzyme B was significantly lower than that in the other groups. The tentative marketing age was unaffected by any of the dietary treatments, and ranged from 26.39 d to 26.84 d. Collectively, the use of commercial enzymes contributed to a similar weight gain as that in chicks fed diets with reduced energy and crude protein levels; however, it failed to maintain the feed conversion ratio.