白鼠 肝障碍에 對한 補肝湯 瀉肝湯의 效果에 關한 實驗的 硏究

洪茂昌,李學仁,金完熙 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1983 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with “Diagnosis Changed” Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

( Byung Ju Kang ),( Kyung Wook Jo ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Jung Wan Yoo ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Chang Min Choi ),( Yeon Mok Oh ),( Sang Do Lee ),( Woo Sung Kim ),( Dong Soon Kim ),( Tae Sun Shim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the “diagnosis changed” rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: “diagnosis maintained”, “diagnosis changed” (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and “administrative error” (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the “administrative error” group, the “diagnosis maintained” and “diagnosis changed” groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of “diagnosis changed” were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn`s disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a “diagnosis changed” result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high “diagnosis changed” rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the “diagnosis changed” rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of “diagnosis changed” cases is desirable.

폐경전후 및 폐경후 골감소에서 호르몬대체요법과 Fluocalcic Effervescent® 병합치료 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 생화학 지표의 변화

어완규,이창원 고신대학교 의학부 2004 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

Background: Sodium fluoride stimulates bone formation and has been used to treat osteoporosis for decades despite debate about the antifracture efficacy. For women with low bone mass, the ideal therapy should not only inhibit bone resorption but simultaneously stimulate bone formation to increase the bone mass, the ideal therapy should not only inhibit bone resorption but simultaneously stimulate bone formation to increase the bone mass above the fracture threshold. We thus performed an intervention study to investigate the effect of a low dose fluoride prospectively, in combination with HRT, on bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Methods: Thirty perimenopausal or postmenopausal osteopenic women were enrolled, and were treated with Fluocalcic effervescent® (disodium monofluorophophate [MFP] 100㎎ + calcium carbonate 1,250 ㎎) 1 tablet BID and conjugated equine estrogen (HRT) 0.625㎎ QD for 12 months in Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital from January 2001 to December 2002. BMD and chemical markers of bone turnover, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin, and urine deoxypyridinoline(DPD), were evaluated before and 12 months after starting treatment. Results: Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin, and urine DPD after 12 months were not significantly different from those of pre-treatment values. The post-treatment BMD's but they were not correlated with all the pretreatment chemical markers of bone metabolism. Changes of the BMD of L2-L4 were not correlated with the changes of chemical markers except urine DPD. Pretreatment markers, BMD of L2-L4 , serum osteocalcin, serum alkaline phosphatase, and FSH were correlated with changes in BMD of L2-L4. There was no chemical markers correlated with the change in BMD of femoral neck. Conclusion: Twelve-month treatment with MFP and HRT was not associated with improvement in BMD. Pretreatment markers, BMD of L2-L4, serum osteocalcin, serum alkaline phosphatase, and FSH may predict changes in the BMD of L2-L4.

Correlating Structural Changes and Gas Evolution during the Thermal Decomposition of Charged Li_<i>x</i>Ni_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂ Cathode Materials

Bak, Seong-Min,Nam, Kyung-Wan,Chang, Wonyoung,Yu, Xiqian,Hu, Enyuan,Hwang, Sooyeon,Stach, Eric A.,Kim, Kwang-Bum,Chung, Kyung Yoon,Yang, Xiao-Qing American Chemical Society 2013 Chemistry of materials Vol.25 No.3

<P>In this work, we present results from the application of a new in situ technique that combines time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction and mass spectroscopy. We exploit this approach to provide direct correlation between structural changes and the evolution of gas that occurs during the thermal decomposition of (over)charged cathode materials used in lithium-ion batteries. Results from charged Li<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Co<SUB>0.15</SUB>Al<SUB>0.05</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> cathode materials indicate that the evolution of both O<SUB>2</SUB> and CO<SUB>2</SUB> gases are strongly related to phase transitions that occur during thermal decomposition, specifically from the layered structure (space group <I>R</I>3̅<I>m</I>) to the disordered spinel structure (<I>Fd</I>3̅<I>m</I>), and finally to the rock-salt structure (<I>Fm</I>3̅<I>m</I>). The state of charge also significantly affects both the structural changes and the evolution of oxygen as the temperature increases: the more extensive the charge, the lower the temperature of the phase transitions and the larger the oxygen release. Ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are also utilized to investigate the local structural and valence state changes in Ni and Co ions, and to characterize microscopic morphology changes. The combination of these advanced tools provides a unique approach to study fundamental aspects of the dynamic physical and chemical changes that occur during thermal decomposition of charged cathode materials in a systematic way.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2013/cmatex.2013.25.issue-3/cm303096e/production/images/medium/cm-2012-03096e_0014.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm303096e'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

日中時間 變動에 따른 白鼠의 生理變化에 對한 補肝湯 瀉肝湯의 影響에 關한 硏究

金成圭,洪茂昌,金完熙 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1986 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.9 No.-

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with "Diagnosis Changed" Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

Kang, Byung Ju,Jo, Kyung-Wook,Park, Tai Sun,Yoo, Jung-Wan,Lee, Sei Won,Choi, Chang-Min,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Lee, Sang-Do,Kim, Woo Sung,Kim, Dong Soon,Shim, Tae Sun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the "diagnosis changed" rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: "diagnosis maintained", "diagnosis changed" (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and "administrative error" (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the "administrative error" group, the "diagnosis maintained" and "diagnosis changed" groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of "diagnosis changed" were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn's disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a "diagnosis changed" result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high "diagnosis changed" rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the "diagnosis changed" rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of "diagnosis changed" cases is desirable.

암세포 증식에 대한 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염의 영향

김명성 ( Myung Sung Kim ),이완식 ( Wan Sik Lee ),박창환 ( Chang Hwan Park ),주영은 ( Young Eun Joo ),김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ),최성규 ( Sung Kyu Choi ),유종선 ( Jong Sun Rew ),정영도 ( Young Do Jung ),김세종 ( Sei Jong Kim ),안봉환 대한내과학회 2006 대한내과학회지 Vol.71 No.3

목적: YB-1은 PCNA, DNA 중합효소 및 MDR 유전자 등의 전사인자로 작용한다. YB-1 유전자는 정상 어른의 간에서는 발현되지 않지만 태아의 간이나 재생 중인 간에서는 발현이 현저히 증가되어서 세포의 증식과 밀접한 관련이 있음이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 YB-1 유전자의 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 이용하여 YB-1의 발현을 억제함으로써 암세포 증식을 차단 할 수 있는지를 실험하고 암치료를 위한 유전자 요법으로서의 가능성을 알아보았다. 방법: 세포주로는 Chang liver, HepG2, CT-26 세포를 사용하였고, 사람의 정상세포로는 섬유아세포와 내피세포가 혼재된 조직을 사용하였다. YB-1 유전자의 안티센스 올리고핵산염으로는 YB-1 cDNA의 변역 시작 부위에 상보적인 21mer 올리고핵산염을 제작하여 사용하였다. 세포의 성장은 MTT assay를 이용하였고, 유전자 발현은 Northern blot으로 분석하였으며, 세포주기 변화는 propidium iodide로 염색하여 유식세포분석기로 분석하였다. 동물실험에서는 CT-26 세포를 1.0×10(5)개씩 Balb/c 생쥐의 피하에 접종하여 종양을 유도하였다. 종양이 유도된 Balb/c 생쥐에 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 꼬리정맥이나 종양조직에 주사한 후 종양의 크기를 측정하여 종양억제 효과를 관찰하였다. 결과: YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염은 CT-26 세포에서는 50 nM 이상 농도에서 Chang liver와 HepG2 세포에서는 10 nM 이상 농도에서 세포주의 성장을 강하게 억제하였지만 정상 조직세포의 성장에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 DOTAP에 담지한 경우 세포성장 억제에 미치는 효과가 안티센스 올리고핵산염 단독 처치 보다 강하였다. 이때 YB-1의 발현은 증식이 억제된 세포주(Chang liver 및 CT-26)에서는 감소하였으나 정상조직세포에서는 변화가 없었다. 증식이 억제된 세포주에서 세포주기를 살펴보면 초기에 S phase가 감소함을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 꼬리정맥이나 종양조직에 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 주입 시 종양의 크기가 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론: 이상의 실험 결과 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염은 암세포의 성장을 저해하며 종양 동물모델에서 종양의 성장을 억제할 수 있음을 시사하였다. Background: Human YB-1 is a transcription factor that binds to the inverted CCAAT box in the promoter region of a variety of genes such as PCNA, DNA polymerase and MDR. In this study we evaluated the effect of YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides on tumor cell growth. Methods: Chang liver, HepG2 and CT-26 cells were cultured as immortalized cell lines. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Northern blot and flow cytometric analyses were used to determine cell growth, gene expression and cell cycle changes. In an animal model, CT-26 cells were injected into Balb/c mice to induce tumor; YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides were injected into the tail vein or tumor tissue of the mice; change of tumor size was then measured. Results: Phosphorothioated YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides suppressed the proliferation of the immortalized liver cells (Chang liver cells) and a variety of cancer cells (HepG2 and CT-26 cells); however, it did not inhibit normal cell growth. The DOTAP/antisense oligonucleotide mixture showed stronger effects on cell proliferation than did the antisense oligonucleotide alone. The YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide decreased specific expression of the YB-1 mRNA in the immortalized cancer cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the inhibition of cell proliferation might have been due to a decrease in the S phase of the cell cycle. We found that in an animal tumor model, the administration of the YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide, in the vein or tumor tissues, decreased the tumor size significantly. Conclusions: These results suggest that the YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide may inhibit growth of a variety of cancer cells.(Korean J Med 71:293-301, 2006)

전면문제중심학습이 치의학교육의 자기주도적 학습, 의사소통, 문제해결 능력에 미치는 영향

이강욱 ( Kang-wook Lee ),홍진실 ( Jin-sil Hong ),장기완 ( Kee-wan Chang ) 대한구강보건학회 2016 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) on dental education to dental students. The following were investigated in this study: 1. Does PBL improve the ability of self-directed learning? 2. Does PBL change communication ability? 3. Does PBL change the strategy of problem solving? Methods: The participants of this study were 39 students in the experimental group and 68 students in the control group. The measurement tools of this study were self-directed learning, communication, and problem solving abilities tests designed by the Korean Educational Development Institute. The data was analyzed by the two-way ANOVA and ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: In self-directed learning ability during 3 semesters, the experimental group showed a U-shape change but the control group showed a reverse U-shape change. In the experimental group, the selfdirected learning ability was decreased after one year (after the first and second semester). The level of communication ability decreased every day during the three semesters monitored in both the control and experimental groups. The level of communication ability in the experimental group continuously decreased during the three semesters, with the exception of one semester. Finally, for the problem solving ability during the three semesters, the experimental group showed a reverse U-shape change while the control group showed a U-shape change. In the experimental group, there was no change after two semesters. Conclusions: On the basis of the findings in this study, the following conclusions can be made. First, problem-based learning has a positive educational effect compared to didactic-based learning within one year. Second, the appropriate length of PBL is two semesters, or one year. It could be recommended that dental education in Korea should be combined or hybridized with PBL; for example, PBL could be used in combination with brief lectures or block lectures by teachers.

정체경락(整體經絡)마사지가 슬내,외반 하지 변형의 교정에 미치는 영향

김송자 ( Song Ja Kim ),김우원 ( Woo Won Kim ),장완성 ( Wan Song Chang ) 한국정체경락학회(구 정체경락연구학회) 2009 한국정체경락학회지 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 정체경락마사지와 운동요법이 슬내반과 슬외반 하지변형의 교정에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 특이한 지병이 없이 후천적인 하지 변형이 있는 22세-59세까지의 여성 45명을 대상으로 슬내반집단, 슬외반집단 그리고 대조집단으로 나누어 정체경락마사지와 운동요법을 8주간 주 3회씩 총 24회를 실시하였다. 각 집단의 Q각과 고관절각, 대퇴경골각의 변화를 분석하기 위하여 평균과 표준편차를 구하였으며, 처치에 따른 평균차이를 알아보기 위하여 Two-way repeated measured ANOVA, paired t-test를 실시하였다. 그 결과 슬내·외반 집단의 하지변형에 정체경락마사지 적용 전·후의 Q각에서는 우측 모두 유의한 차가 나타나지 않았으며, 좌측에서는 측정시기에서만 유의한 차(p<.05)가 나타났다. 슬내·외반 집단의 하지변형에 정체경락마사지 적용 전·후의 고관절각에서는 좌·우측에서 집단간의 유의한 차(p<.05, p<.01)이가 나타났으며, 우측에서는 상호작용효과에서도 유의한 차(p<.01)가 나타났다. 슬내·외반 집단의 하지변형에 정체경락마사지로 관리 전·후의 대퇴·경골각의 변화에서는 좌·우에서 집단 간, 측정시기, 상호작용에서 각각 통계적으로 유의한 차(p<.05), (p<.01, p<.001)가 나타났다. 무릎간의 간격과 발목간의 간격에서도 통계적으로 유의한 차(p<.001)가 나타났다. 결론적으로 정체경락마사지는 하지변형 변인, 그리고 고관절 주변 골반의 변형에 영향을 미침으로 슬내·외반 하지변의 교정에 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. In this study, Jung-che massage on meridian pathways and exercise therapy, Genu varus group and Genu valgus group do not want to sort out the impact was. Subjects without the disease between 20-50 women 45 men Genu varus group, Genu valgus group, and Control group was divided into the experiment. Experiments A and B, 3 times a week, 8 weeks 24 anniversary was applied. Research subjects to analyze changes in the dependent variable, mean and standard deviation were saving. Learn the difference between the treatment based on the average to Two-way ANOVA, paired t-test was conducted. As a result, There was significant difference (p<.05, p<.01) between groups at the right and left side in coxa angle before and after treatment by Jung-che massage on meridian pathways in the change of low limb of genu varus & valgus group, and also significant difference was seen in the interactive effect at the right side. For the change of low limb in genu varus & valgus group, there was significant difference (p<.05), (p<.01, p<.001) between groups at the right and left sides, measuring periods, interactions, in terms of statistics respectively as the result of looking into changes on thigh tibia angle before and after the treatment by Jung-che massage on meridian pathways. The gap between knees, which becomes the standard of judging its shape for the change on low limb of the genu varus & valgus and means genu varus, showed significant difference (p<.001) in terms of statistics. The gap between ankles, which shows genu valgus and the standard of judging low limb change of genu varus & valgus group in shape, showed significant difference (p<001) in terms of statistics. In conclusion, Jung-che massage on meridian pathway is applied to look like their give change.

풍화작용에 의한 정상모발의 형태학적 변화

홍완성,장병수,임도선,박상옥,여성문 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2000 Applied microscopy Vol.30 No.1

성인 남성의 모발에서 정상 모간과 자연상태에서 손상된 모간의 외부형태와 미세구조적 변화를 광학현미경과 주사 및 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 정상 모간은 모소피층, 모피질, 모수질 등의 3부분으로 구성되어 있었다. 모소피층은 5-7개의 모소피세포들이 중첩되어 모피질과 모수질을 둘러싸고 있고, 길게 신장되어 모피질을 둘러싸고 있는 소피세포의 두께는 약 0.4㎛로 확인되었다. 또한, 이들 세포사이에는 약 25㎛의 세포사이 막복합체가 관찰되었다. 모피질은 잘 발달되어 각질화세포(cornified cell)들로 치밀하게 채워져 있었고, 각질화세포는 직경 약 0.5-0.8㎛인 구형 또는 타원형외 macrofibril로 구성되어 있었으며, 이들은 약 8nm 두께의 가는 microfibri이 동심원상의 규칙적인 형태로 배열되어 있었다. 그리고 macrofibril 사이에는 약 0.5㎛크기의 직경을 가진 구형의 melanin과립들이 고르게 산재되어 관찰되었다. 모수질은 공기가 채워져 있었고, 직경이 약 16㎛의 구형의 형태로 모간의 전체 직경에 1/5 정도를 차지하고 있었다. 풍화에 의해 손상된 모간은 모소피층이 박리되어 있었으며, 모피질세포의 세포질도 손상되어 melanin과립들이 표면에 노출되어 있는 것이 확인되었다. 조직표본상에서 모소피층의 박리과정은 모소피 사이에 공포가 형성되고, 이어서 모소피의 가장자리가 떨어져 나가고, 박리되지 않은 부위는 절단되었다. 모소피가 탈락되어 모피질이 노출된 부위에서는 각질화세포내에 존재하는 macrofibri이 각각 분리되고, 인접원 macrofibril 사이에 공기가 채워지게 되어 오간의 풍화과정은 더욱 촉진되었다. 그리고 노출된 macrofibril 사이에서 탈락 직전의 melanin 과립들이 산재되어 관찰되었다. The morphological changes in normal and weathering hair shafts of the human scalp were investigated by using the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The hair shaft composed of cuticular layer, cortex and medulla. The surface of normal hairs are smooth and covered by imbricated cuticular scales. The cuticular layer consists of five to seven cuticle cells. These cells, which are flat and thin, measuring about 100 ㎛ long and 0.4 ㎛ thick, appears intercellular membrane complex in diameter 25 nm. The cortex composed of melanin granules and cornified cells, which multicomponent concentric microfibrils in diameter about 8 nm give rise to macrofibrils in diameter 0.5 ㎛ to 0.8 ㎛ encased in limiting membrane. The melanin granules are spherical shaped about 0.5 ㎛ in size and scattered between macrofibrils. The medulla in the normal hairs are 16 ㎛ in diameter centrally region of cortex. Normal hair shafts undergo progressive degenerative changes due to a variety of environmental insults. In the initial weathering process of hair, the cuticular scales became irregularly raised and broken, and then cuticle cells formed cytoplasmic vacuolation, following dissociated intercellular membrane complex, ultimately entirely lost and nuded cortex. Occasionally, transverse fissures were seen at hair shafts indicating that the hairs were deteriorated Complete removal of the cuticular layer in the heavily damaged cortex portions appeared splitting of the cortical cell into its macrofibrils and scattering of melanin granules.