Wi-Fi 핑거프린트 기반 실내 이동 경로 데이터 생성 방법

윤창표(Chang-Pyo Yoon),황치곤(Chi-Gon Hwang) 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

최근, 실내 위치 기반 서비스에서 정확한 서비스를 위해 Wi-Fi 핑거프린트 기반의 딥러닝 기술을 이용한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 딥러닝 모델 중에서 과거의 정보를 기억할 수 있는 RNN 모델은 실내측위에서 연속된 움직임을 기억할 수 있어 측위 오차를 줄일 수 있다. 이때 학습 데이터로서 연속적인 순차 데이터를 필요로 한다. 그러나 일반적으로 Wi-Fi 핑거프린트 데이터의 경우 특정 위치에 대한 신호들만으로 관리되기 때문에 RNN 모델의 학습데이터로 사용이 부적절하다. 본 논문은 RNN 모델의 순차적인 입력 데이터의 생성을 위해 클러스터링을 통한 영역 데이터로 확장된 Wi-Fi 핑거프린트 데이터 기반 이동 경로의 예측을 통한 경로 생성 방법에 대해 제안한다. Recently, researches using deep learning technology based on Wi-Fi fingerprints have been conducted for accurate services in indoor location-based services. Among the deep learning models, an RNN model that can store information from the past can store continuous movements in indoor positioning, thereby reducing positioning errors. At this time, continuous sequential data is required as training data. However, since Wi-Fi fingerprint data is generally managed only with signals for a specific location, it is inappropriate to use it as training data for an RNN model. This paper proposes a path generation method through prediction of a moving path based on Wi-Fi fingerprint data extended to region data through clustering to generate sequential input data of the RNN model.

조직통합으로 인한 조직몰입과 직무만족의 변화요인 분석

이창길(Lee, Chang Kil) 서울행정학회 2012 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.23 No.1

Focusing on comparing individual and social factors, this paper examines the determinants of employees’ change in commitment and job satisfaction in the process of organizational mergers. Despite the abundance of literature on the effectiveness of organizational mergers, few studies focus on investigating how individual employees adapt themselves during the period of organizational change. Data was collected from a survey of 104 middle managers working in Korea Land and Housing Corporation. which was formed from the merging of Korea Land Cooperation and Korea Housing Corporation. The results of regression analysis on individual factors show that job position significantly affects the change in commitment and satisfaction while expectation of promotion or increasing performance pay does not significantly do so. More importantly, social factors were found to have a significant and negative effect on the change in commitment and satisfaction. This implies that employees who are more connected informally with colleagues are likely to have greater decrease or lesser increase in commitment and satisfaction resulting from radical organizational changes. In other words, the social relationships of employees significantly affect the degree of change in commitment and satisfaction. To achieve a successful post-merger integration among employees, this paper recommends designing strategies based on their social relationships.

APPLICATION OF TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM(TSP) FOR DECISION OF OPTIMAL PRODUCTION SEQUENCE

Chang, Kun Soo,Yeo, Yeong Koo,Chang, Jin Yang,Kim, Kil Su,Jeong, Eun Young,Oh, Sea Cheon 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.5

In the present study a reliable and structural decision system for production sequence of polymeric products is developed. Minimization of the amount of off-specs are the main objective in the decision of production sequence to maximize profit. Off-specs are generated when the production sequence of polymeric products is changed. The amount of off-specs depends on changes of product grades. In the present study we applied the traveling salesman problem (TSP) to achieve optimal decision of production sequence. To solve the optimal decision problem formulated by TSP, we employed three different approaches such as Branch and Bound (B&B) method. Dynamic Programming (DP) method and Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) method. Production sequences computed based on the actual plant off-spec data were compared with the sequences employed in the actual plant operation. From the comparison the decision method proposed in the present study showed increased profits and reduced off-specs.

長安山의 植物相과 多樣性 分析

吉奉燮,金昌煥 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1988 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.7 No.3

全北 長安山의 植物相을 밝히기 위하여, 1986년 10월부터 1987년 9월까지 실지 踏査를 통하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 長安山의 植物은 99科 326屬 440種 7品種 1亞種 總 515種類로 나타났다. 長安山의 植物相은 600∼800m는 졸참나무(Quercus serrata), 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis), 개서어나무(Carpinus tschonoskii), 쪽동백나무(Styrax obassia), 거제수나무(Betula costata), 노각나무(Stewaritia koreana), 개벗나무(Prunus leveilleana), 다릅나무(Maackia amurensis)등 광엽교목종이 우점하고 있었다. 800∼1200m는 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica), 억새(Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens), 미역줄나무(Tripterygium regelii), 철쭉꽃(Rhododedron schlippenbiana)가 우점하고 있었으며 800m∼100m계곡은 들메나무(Fraxinus mandshurica), 층층나무(Cornus controversa), 고로쇠나무(Acer mono)등이 우점하고 있었다. 多樣度指數(H^1)와 優占度指數(C)를 보면 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica) 群集으로 遷移가 진행됨에 따라 多樣度指數는 減少하고 優占度指數는 增加하였다. 각 群集에서 種사이의 상대적인 量的關係를 알아보기 위한 重要置를 보면 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica)의 중요치가 가장 높고 졸참나무(Quercus serrata), 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis), 개서어나무(Carpinus tschonoskii), 들메나무(Fraxinus mandshurica), 물푸레나무(Fraxinus rhyuchophylla), 당단풍(Acer pseudo-sieboldianum), 쪽동백나무(Styrax obassia), 층층나무(Cornus controversa)등의 순으로 나타났다. An ecological survey on the vegetation of Mt. Chang-An was conducted during one year from Sep. 1896 to Oct. 1987. The flora was composed of 99 families, 326 genera, 440 species, 67 varieties,7 forma, 1 subspecies, or 515 taxa. Change of diversity index(H') was shown to increase, whereas dominance index(C), to decrease along progressing of succession of Quercus mongolica community. Importance value of Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, Carpinus tschonoskii, Fraxinus mandshurica and F. rhynchophylla was shown the higher than other plant.

An empirical study on yard inventory change according to containers’ dwell times. This study was supported by grant of Sunchon National University, Korea

Chang-gon Kim,Myoung-Kil Youn 한국유통과학회 2013 유통과학연구 Vol.11 No.5

Purpose - Yard inventories increase when export containers are carried into the terminal and decrease when import containers are delivered to the consigners. The purpose of this study is to analyze container inventories according to the weekly ship arrival pattern at container terminals. Research design, data, and methodology - As container ships operate according to weekly schedules based on shipping companies and their routes, specific terminals provide a fixed-day service in a week. Thus, yard inventories can change with weekly fluctuations. The data used in this study were the actualdata at specific container terminals. Result - The dwell times of each container at a terminal represent an important variable that affectsyard inventories. Even cargo flows are steady in a given period, if dwell times are prolonged, yard inventories increase. Conclusion - Dwell time is another factor causing yard inventory change. Therefore, the calculation for yard inventories should consider the weekly ship arrival patterns and dwell times of each container. Further, at the planning stage, dwell time should be more carefully considered to calculate yard capacity.

長安山의 植物相과 多樣性 分析

吉奉燮,金昌煥 圓光大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.22 No.2

全北 長安山의 植物相을 밝히기 위하여, 1986년 10월 부터 1987년 9월까지 실지 踏査를 통하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 長安山의 植物은 99科 326屬 440種 67變種 7品種 1亞種 總 515種類로 나타났다. 長安山의 植物相은 600∼800m는 졸참나무(Quercus serrata), 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis), 개서어나무(Carpinus tschonoskii), 쪽동백나무(Styrax obassia), 거제수나무(Betula costata), 노각나무(Stewaritia koreana), 개벗나무(Prunus leveilleana), 다릅나무(Maackia amurensis)등 광엽교목종이 우점하고 있었다. 800∼1200m는 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica), 억새(Miscanthus sinensis var, purpurascens), 미역줄나무(Tripterygium regelii), 철쭉꽃(Rhododendron schlippenbachii), 노린재나무(Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa), 쇠물푸레(Fraxinus sieboldiana)가 우점하고 있었으며 800m∼100m계곡은 들메나무(Fraxinus mandshurica), 층층나무(Cornus controversa), 고로쇠나무(Acer mono)등이 우점하고 있었다. 多樣度指數(H')와 優占度指數(C)를 보면 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica) 群集으로 遷移가 진행됨에 따라 多樣度指數는 減少하고 優占度指數는 增加하였다. 각 群集에서 種사이의 상대적인 量的關係를 알아보기 위한 重要値를 보면 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica)의 중요치가 가장 높고 졸참나무(Quercus serrata), 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis), 개서어나무(Carpinus tschonoskii), 들메나무(Fraxinus mandshurica), 물푸레나무(Fraxinus rhyuchophylla), 당단풍(Acer pseudo-sieboldianum), 쪽동백나무(Styrax obassia), 층층나무(Cornus controversa) 등의 순으로 나타났다. An ecological survey on the vegetation of Mt. Chang-An was conducted during one year from Sep. 1986 to Oct. 1987. The flora was composed of 99 families, 326 genera, 440 species, 67 varieties, 7 forma, 1 subspecies, or 515 taxa. Change of diversity index(H') was shown to increase, whereas dominance index(C), to decrease along progressing of succession of Quercus mongolica community. Importance value of Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, Carpinus tschonoskii, Fraxinus mandshurica and F. rhynchophylla was shown the higher than other plant.

수술중 각종수액이 혈중의 포도당, 인슈린, 삼투압 및 전해질에 미치는 영향

정정길,장채운 대한마취과학회 1987 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.20 No.5

Rapid administration of solution containing dextroae results in marked hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis but a balanced electrolyte solution containing maltese does not increase blood sugar. 30 patients were chosen at random and divided into 3 groups j.e, one group received 5% dextrose in water, the second group received Hartmann solution and the third group, 5% maltose in a balanced electrolyte solution. The Patient's blood was collected in the operating room prior to the start Ⅰ.V. infusion, for the measurement of blood sugar, insulin, osmolarity and electrolrtes in various conditions of N.P.O. Intravenous fluid was administered at a rate of 10 m1/kg/hour while anesthesia was induced and maintained with an endotracheal tube in place. Blood samples were taken one hour. 2 hours and 3 7ours f:on the time 1,V. infusion started, In the of 5% dextrose in water groups, the value of blood sugar and insulin was 88.5±12.1 mg% and 14.60±7.67 un/ml at NPO, 257.7±60.8mg% and 70.75±37.55 un/m1 at 1 hour, 298.8±84.and 143.19±50.32 un/ml at 2 hours and 228.6±75.8% and 127.71±56.98 un/m1 at 3 hours. Although the b1ood sugar and insulin values increased markedly. but potassium and chloride were 4.74±0.55 mEq/l and 101.1±2.9 mEq/l and 4.11±0.31 mEq/l, 107.4±2.3 mEq/l and 3.75±0.41 mEq/l, 176.4±2.7mEq/l and 3.89±0.50mEq/l, 106.3±2.2 mEq/l and shoewed mild decrease, by the way, osmolarity and serum sodium did not changed. In contrast to the 5% dextrose in water groups, there are no changes in the blood glucose. insulin levels, osmolarity or and electrolrtes in the either Hartmann or Elitol (Elitol=5% maltose contained in a balanced electrolyte solution) groups. There was a slight increase in osmolarity with maltose but it was not significant. Accordingly it is concluded that rapid infusion of harmann or 5% maltose contained ina balanced electrolyte solution affects the blood sugar and insulin levels insignificantly compared to the dextrose cont5aining solution which increase the blood sugar and insulin levels markedly

소아 IgA 신병증의 장기 추적(평균 10.8년)에 따른 임상 경과 및 병리학적 변화

문창민,김병길,임범진,송지선,정현주,Moon, Chang-Min,Kim, Pyung-Kil,Lim, Beom-Jin,Song, Ji-Sun,Jeong, Hyeon-Joo 대한소아신장학회 2010 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.14 No.2

목 적 : 소아 IgA 신병증의 임상 양상 및 병리학적 분류(Haas 분류)와 임상 경과와의 상관 관계를 조사하여 이들이 예후를 반영할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 병리학적으로 IgA 신병증으로 진단받고 추적 중이던 환자들 중 추적 신생검을 시행한 20명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 자료를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 최초 신생검시 평균 9.5세였고 남자 16명, 여자 4명이었으며, 최종 조직 검사까지 평균 10.8년이 경과하였다. 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제 등으로 치료를 지속한 후 정상뇨 소견, 정상 혈압, 정상 크레아티닌 청소율(CCr)을 보이는 임상적 관해 상태의 환자는 10명(50%)이었으며, 비관해 상태의 환자 10명(50%)도 초기와 비교하여 호전된 경과를 보였고, CCr이 중등도 이상 저하되거나 말기 신질환 양상을 보이는 환자는 없었다. 최초 Haas 분류는 임상경과와 상관 관계가 없었다. 초기 고혈압은 5명(25%)에서 보였고 이는 임상 경과(P =0.010) 및 최종 Haas 분류(P =0.007)와 유의성이 있었다. 초기 CCr의 중등도 저하는 Haas 분류와 유의성이 있었으나(P =0.048), 임상 경과와는 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 소아 IgA 신병증의 추적 기간 중 임상 경과는 양호하나 최초 Haas 분류로 임상 경과를 예측할 수는 없었으나 적극적인 조기 진단 및 치료로 말기 신질환으로의 진행을 지연시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 초기 고혈압은 임상 경과 및 최종 Haas 분류와 유의한 상관관계를 보여 적합한 예후인자로 보인다. 최초 병리학적 소견은 임상 경과를 반영하지 못하나, 추적 Haas 분류가 예후를 반영할 수 있을지에 대해서는 보다 많은 추적 관찰 및 추적 신생검을 통한 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 보인다. Purpose : We know little about the natural course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in association with histologic changes especially in children. We investigated clinicopathologic features with long-term follow-up biopsy to clarify the outcomes and prognostic indicators for childhood IgAN. Methods : From our patients' medical records, we retrieved 20 patients with IgAN, to whom renal biopsies had been performed for the initial diagnosis and follow-up to find out any histologic changes. Initial and follow-up biopsies were classified by Haas classification. The changes of these parameters were compared with the evolution of clinical features. Results : Patients were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in combination with angiotensin receptor blockers (in subclass II or above) and short-term cyclosporine A(in patients showing nephrotic syndrome). Histologic improvement in 7 cases and deterioration in 3 cases were observed. At the time of last biopsy, 10 cases (50%) showed clinical remission and the others showed improved clinical features. These clinical outcomes did not correlate with initial Haas classifications. Hypertension at onset observed in 5 cases (25%) revealed significant correlation with clinical outcome (P =0.01) and last Haas classification (P =0.007). None of the cases showed progression to CRF or ESRD. Conclusion : During a mean follow-up of $10.8{\pm}3.4$ years, childhood IgAN showed good clinicopathologic outcome. Hypertension at onset was only a strong predictor of clinicopathologic outcomes, but initial Haas classification cannot predict outcomes in children. Histologic change of IgAN in long term follow-up period cannot be completely predicted by clinical data and vice versa. Therefore, a renal biopsy should be considered as a part of follow-up plan.

Morphological Changes of Bones and Joints with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Hong, Yun-Kyung,Javaregowda, Palaksha Kanive,Lee, Sang-Kil,Lee, Sang-Rae,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yong-Geun The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.2

Arthritis is a common disease in aged people, and is clinically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Although common symptoms such as pain are present, the underlying pathological mechanisms are slightly different. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to compare joint damage induced by RA and OA by analyzing the major morphological and molecular differences, and to propose a suitable therapeutic intervention based on the pathophysiological conditions of bones and joints. For the RA animal model, 8-week-old DBA1/J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Normal C57BL/6 mice (over 2 years of age) were used for OA. The clinical arthritis score was calculated using a subjective scoring system, and paw thicknesses were measured using calipers. The serum TNF ${\alpha}$ level was analyzed using an ELISA kit. Micro-CT was used to identify pathological characteristics and morphological changes. In collagen-induced RA mice, there were increased ankle joint volumes and clinical scores (p<0.01). The concentration of TNF ${\alpha}$ was significantly increased from 3 to 7 weeks after immunization. Micro-CT images showed trabecular bone destruction, pannus formation, and subchondral region destruction in RA mice. OA among aged mice showed narrowed joint spaces and breakdown of articular cartilage. This study suggests that a careful therapeutic intervention between RA and OA is required, and it should be based on morphological alteration of bone and joint.

소아ㆍ청소년기에 발병한 탈모증의 정신의학적 특성

이길홍,이헌재,이창훈 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2

연구목적: 소아 청소년기에 조기 발병한 탈모증과 성인기에 발병한 탈모증 환자들의 개인적 특성이나 탈모 양상, 정신의학적특성, 동반신체질환 및 치료 방법에 관한 비교 분석을 통해 조기 발병탈모증의 치료 및 예방지침을 수립하기 위해 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방법: 1998년 1월부터 1999년 6월까지 중앙대학교 용산병언 피부과에 내원하여 정신과로 의뢰된 탈모증 환자 93명(남 40명, 여 53명) 중에서 소아 청소년기에 발병한 31명(남 14명, 여 17명)을 연구대상 집단으로 선정하였고, 성인기에 발병한 탈모증 환자 62명(남 26명, 여 36명)을 대조군으로 선정하여 양군간의 임상 양상의 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSSWIN 9.0V 프로그램을 통해 자료 처리를 하였고, 집단간의 차이는 교차 분석 및 t-검정을 통해 비교 분석 하였다. 결과: 1) 조기에 발병할수록 가을에 출생하고, 환자나 부모의 사회 경제 수준의 높으며, 형제수가 적다. 2) 조기에 발병할수록 전신성 탈모가 많고, 탈모 과거력이 있으며, 3회이상 재발하고, 탈모 정도가 심하며, 탈모기간이 2년 이상 장기간이고, 첫 탈모부위가 두정부이며, 탈모부위가 두군데 이상이고, 치료를 해도 변화가 없거나 악화되고, 치료를 자의 중단하거나 효과가 없어 중단한 경우가 많다. 3) 조기에 발병할수록 가정내 적응이나 인간관계에서 적응상의 어려움을 겪으며, 입시 부담이나 학교생활에서의 변화로 인해 학교 스트레스를 경험한 비율이 높다. 4) 조기에 발병할수록 불안장애가 많고, 불안증상과 우울증상을 많이 호소하며, 인격장애가 있을 때 탈모가 촉진되고, 특히 히스테리성인격이나 의존성인격을 지닐수록 조기에 탈모가 발생한다. 5) 조기에 발병할수록 지루성피부염등 동반 피부질환이 많고, 정신과약물인 alprazolam을 복용하고 있으며, polytar나 tretinoin을 처방한 비율이 높다. 결론: 일차 진료의사인 피부과 의사들은 공존하는 정신장애에 대해 깊은 관심을 갖고, 청소년기 이전부터 조기에 탈모증의 공동 치료 계획을 세워야 한다. Objectives: There have been growing interests about alopecia occured during childhood and adolescence in clinical practice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the clinical characteristics of early onset alopecia in order to establish effective psychiatric intervention strategy. Method: The subjects were 31 early onset alopecia patients(14 males, 17 females) and 62 late onset control patients(26 males, 36 females). These patients had visited psychiatric outpatient clinic consulted from the department of dermatology, Yongsan hopital, Chung Ang University, Seoul, Korea, from January 1998 to june 1999. The sociodemographic data, clinical pattern of alopecia, psychiatic characteristics, comorbid physical illnesses and treatment variables were assesed. The data was statistically analyzed using chi-squre test and t-test through SPSSWIN 9.0V. Results: 1) Early onset alopecia patients were more likly born in autum, had fewer siblings, and showed higher economical level of both patient and their parents than late onset patients. 2) Early onset alopecia patients were more likely to show diffuse hair loss, had more experienced past history of alopecia, more frequently had recurrence more than 3 times, were more severely damaged, had longer duration of hair loss had more loss of hairs on the vertex area at onset of alopecia, had more loss of hairs more than 2 areas, and had poorer prognosis such as no change or exacerbation in spite of treatment, spontaneous withdrawal of tratment and lack of efficacy to treatment than late onset patients. 3) Early onset alopecia patients were poorer in their adjustment in family life, or interpersonal relations, and more suffered from school stress such as changes of school life or test stress related with school entrance examination than late onset patients. 4) Early onset alopecia patients were more likely to show erious psychopathlology such as increased rate of the anxiety disorders, of anxiety symptoms or depressive symptoms, and of personality disorders including the hitrionic or the passive traits than late onset patients. 5) Early onset alopecia patients were more likely showed dermatits including seborrheic dermatits, and more significantly responding to the tratment with anti-anxiety drug, such as alprazolam, and dermatological therapies including polytar or tretinin than late onset patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that dermatologists, as primary care physicians, are in unique position to recognize psychiatric comorbidity and to execute earlier intervention, in collaboration with psychiatrists, of early onset alopecia patients.