중국 연변조선족의 의식 변화에 대한 연구 : 1995년과 2000년의 비교

이장호,박태수 서울대학교 사회과학연구원 2000 한국사회과학 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 중국 연변 조선족의 의식과 심리적 상태의 변화를 살펴보기 위한 종단적 연구이다.1995년 1차 조사연구 자료와 2000년 2차 조사연구 자료를 비교 분석하였다.본 연구의 또 다른 목적은 현재 연변조선족의 세대간 차이를 살펴보는 것이다.이를 위해 연령 집단별(연변일중, 연벼대, 사회인) 차이를 비교 분석하였다.총 558명(1차조사연구 327명, 2차 조사연구 231명)을 대상으로, 개인적 가치관과 사회의식을 반영하는 문항으로 구성된 설문자료를 수집하고 분석하였다.분석결과 연변조선족은 5년전에 비해 자본주의적 경제가치의식과 심리적 안녕에 대한 선호 경향이 증가하였으며, 남북통일에 대해서는 비교적 비관적 관점으로 해석될 수 있는 의식성향이 더 높아진 것으로 나타났다.이러한 결과의 의미를 논의하고 연구의 제한점을 밝혔다. This study is a longitudinal research to investigate the change of psychological awareness and mental characteristics in native Yabian Koreans in China. The difference between first survey data(1991) and second survey data(2000) was analyzed. Another purpose of this study was to find the differences of psychological awareness in Korean generation groups at Yanbian territory, China. The data from native Yanbian Korean groups(n=558) were accordingly analyzed. The survey questionnaire was composed of items reflecting the individual subject's view of values and psychological items concerning evaluation of incumbent social issues. The major result of this study was an increased tendency toward capitalistic values and preference of psychological well-being In Yanbian Koreans. In addition, Yanbian Koreans in the year of 2000 took relatively pessimistic view of the unification of Korea as compared to those in 1991. The implication and limitation of this research result were discussed.

제올라이트 여재의 암모니아성 질소 이온교환 능력에 따른 ZBAF의 질산화 효율 비교

김진수 ( Jin-su Kim ),최승규 ( Seung-kyu Choi ),주천 ( Qian Zhu ),신관우 ( Gwan-woo Shin ),양창환 ( Chang-hwan Yang ),원경자 ( Kyoung-ja Weon ),이상일 ( Sang-ill Lee ) 한국수처리학회(구 한국수처리기술연구회) 2020 한국수처리학회지 Vol.28 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate nitrification by measuring the ammonia nitrogen adsorption ability of zeolite media. Zeolite adsorbs ammonia nitrogen through cation exchange. When zeolite is used as the filteration media in biological aerated filters (BAF), nitrifying bacteria can be easily attached. Using two types of zeolite that have different calcination temperatures, it was confirmed differences in nitrification rate relative to the ammonium ions exchange capacity of the zeolite media. The strength of the zeolite media was higher as calcination temperature was higher, while BET specific surface area was decreased. The ammonia nitrogen adsorption of the zeolite media at 600℃ was higher than at 900℃, but nitrification rates were similar when either media was used for the zeolite biological aerated filter (ZBAF). During the entire operation period, the 600℃ zeolite had an ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 0.31 kg/m³/d, and the 900℃ zeolite media had a rate of 0.28 kg/m³/d (p>0.05). When the influent was held on shutdown for a month and processing began again, the nitrification rate of the ZBAFs showed a similar amount of NO_x-N (sum of the concentration of nitrite and nitrate nitrogen) production within two days of reoperation that was similar to the rate before shutdown. The effect of water temperature had little effect on rate. Ammonia nitrogen removal by ZBAFs was maintained in water temperatures as low as 5℃. However, the ammonia nitrogen removal and nitrification rate were decreased in 600℃ zeolite media after 3 months of operation because media’s morphology changed.

Effect of heat treatment on cyclic fatigue resistance, thermal behavior and microstructures of K3 NiTi rotary instruments

Chang, Seok Woo,Kim, Yu-Chan,Chang, Hyejung,Jee, Kwang-Koo,Zhu, Qiang,Safavi, Kamran,Shon, Won-Jun,Bae, Kwang-Shik,Spangberg, Larz Sw,Kum, Kee-Yeon Informa Healthcare 2013 Acta odontologica scandinavica Vol.71 No.6

<P><B><I>Objective.</I></B> The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the cyclic fatigue resistance, thermal behavior and microstructural changes of K3 NiTi rotary instruments. <B><I>Materials and methods.</I></B> Twelve control (as-received) and 12 experimental (heat-treated) K3 NiTi rotary instruments were compared in this study. Those experimental K3 instruments were heated in a furnace for 30 min at 450°C and then quenched in water. The cyclic fatigue resistance was measured with a fatigue tester. The thermal characteristic and the microstructures of both instruments were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. <B><I>Results.</I></B> There was a significant increase in the cyclic fatigue resistance between the heat-treated instruments and the as-received instruments (<I>T</I>-test, <I>p</I> < 0.05). DSC showed that the as-received and heat-treated samples were different, with an increased A<SUB>f</SUB> (austenite-finish temperature) for the latter. TEM analysis revealed that both as-received and heat-treated instruments were composed mainly of an austenite phase. However, the heat-treated samples had an increased appearance of larger grains, twinning martensite, TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface layer and a Ni-rich inner layer. <B><I>Conclusions.</I></B> Heat treatment increased the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi files and changed the thermal behavior of the instruments without marked changes in the constituting phases of NiTi alloy.</P>

논문(論文) : 淸初思想界 “尊朱黜陸王, 排저佛老” 問題芻議

주창영 ( Chang Rong Zhu ) 대구사학회 2010 대구사학 Vol.100 No.-

Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of Liver Stellate Cells During Liver Regeneration in Rats

Xu Cunshuan,Chen Xiaoguang,Chang Cuifang,Wang Gaiping,Wang Wenbo,Zhang Lianxing,Zhu Qiushi,Wang Lei,Zhang Fuchun 한국분자세포생물학회 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.31 No.1

This study performed a large-scale, high-throughput analy-sis of transcriptional profiling of liver stellate cells (LSCs) at the cellular level to investigate changes in the biological activity of LSCs during rat liver regeneration (LR) and the relation of these changes to LR. First, a rat liver regeneration model was established by partial hepatectomy (PH). Stellate cells were isolated in high purity and yield from the regenerating rat liver by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and immunomagnetic bead sorting. The changes in gene expression of LSCs after PH were examined using a rat genome 230 2.0 array composed of 24622 genes. The results indicated that 10241 of the 24622 genes investigated on the array were differentially expressed in LSCs. Of the 10241 genes, 1563 known genes were related to LR, which were grouped into three major gene expression clusters according to three-fold cut-off threshold: the up-regulated gene cluster, the down-regulated gene cluster, and the cluster composed of genes showing complex changes in expression. Additionally, the genes were grouped into those involved in transcription regulation, signal transduction, transport, cellular metabolism, in-flammation and immunity by functional analysis. When gene expression profiles were combined with the results of gene functional analysis, most of the genes involved in cytokine secretion and retinol metabolism in LSCs were significantly enriched in the cluster characterized by decreased expression, whereas genes involved in lipid metabolism were mostly enriched in the cluster showing increased expression. Based on further analysis of genes expressed in a phase-dependent manner during LR, it was suggested that lipid metabolism in LSCs was enhanced in the whole regeneration process, and that immune response and cytokine secretion were impaired during all three regenerative phases.

Progressive collapse analysis of steel frame structure based on the energy principle

Chang Hong Chen,Yan Fei Zhu,Yao Yao,Ying Huang 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.21 No.3

The progressive collapse potential of steel moment framed structures due to abrupt removal of a column is investigated based on the energy principle. Based on the changes of component's internal energy, this paper analyzes structural member's sensitivity to abrupt removal of a column to determine a sub-structure resisting progressive collapse. An energy-based structural damage index is defined to judge whether progressive collapse occurs in a structure. Then, a simplified beam damage model is proposed to analyze the energies absorbed and dissipated by structural beams at large deflections, and a simplified modified plastic hinges model is developed to consider catenary action in beams. In addition, the correlation between bending moment and axial force in a beam during the whole deformation development process is analyzed and modified, which shows good agreement with the experimental results.

Teacher perceptions of school culture and their organizational commitment and well-being in a Chinese school

Chang Zhu,Geert Devos,Yifei Li 서울대학교 교육연구소 2011 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.12 No.2

This study aims to analyze and validate the dimensions and specific features of a school culture in a Chinese context. A sample of 181 teachers from a Chinese primary and secondary school in Beijing participated in a survey that measures school organizational cultural characteristics and teacher organizational commitment and well-being as outcomes of school culture. Specific cultural characteristics of this school and their impact on teacher organizational commitment and well-being were identified. The findings provide important information for understanding a school culture in the Chinese context. It enriches the theory related to school culture and the research findings that have been identified in the Western settings.

Chinese students' perceptions of a collaborative e-learning environment and factors affecting their performance: implementing a Flemish e-learning course in a Chinese educational context

Chang Zhu 서울대학교 교육연구소 2009 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.10 No.2

This study was set up in a Chinese university in Beijing by implementing a Flemish e-learning course in a Chinese setting. A main feature of the e-learning environment is the asynchronous 'task-based' online group discussion. The purpose of the study is to understand Chinese students' perceptions of a collaborative e-learning environment and the factors that affect their online performance and academic achievement. The results of the study indicate that the students had less positive perceptions of the e-learning environment as compared to their perceptions of a more conventional environment. However, the students reported to a higher level of preferences of peer learning, critical thinking, and problem-based learning (PBL) after one semester e-learning experience. In addition, we examined variables that might have affected students' performance in e-learning environments. The results show that students with higher motivational orientations perform better in the online group discussions.

Property Modification of Caseinate Responsible to Transglutaminase-induced Glycosylation and Crosslinking in the Presence of a Degraded Chitosan

Chang-Yue Zhu,Xiao-Peng Wang,Xin-Huai Zhao 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.3

Transglutaminase at a concentration of 10 kU/kg of protein and degraded chitosan were used for glycosylation and crosslinking of caseinate at a fixed molar ratio of the acyl acceptor to the acyl donor of 3:1, a protein concentration of 50 g/L, a pH 7.5 at 37oC, and a reaction time of 4 h. Electrophoretic and chemical analyses showed glycosylation and crosslinking of caseinate. Glycosylated and crosslinked caseinate (GC-caseinate) contained glucosamine at 12.77 g/kg of protein, and the protein fraction had fewer reactable amino groups than original caseinate (0.58 vs. 0.64 mol/kg of protein). GC-caseinate exhibited an enhanced surface hydrophobicity, in vitro digestibility, water-binding capacity, and rheological properties, with poor protein dispensability and emulsification activity, but a similar oilbinding capacity and emulsion stability, compared with original caseinate. GC-caseinate also exhibited better properties than transglutaminase-crosslinked caseinate. Glycosylation and crosslinking was effective for better water-binding and rheological properties of caseinate.

Effects of G-Rh2 on mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis via AKT-Nrf2/NF-κB and MAPK-Nrf2/NF-κB pathways

Chang Xu,Liangchang Li,Chongyang Wang,Jingzhi Jiang,Li Li,Lianhua Zhu,Shan Jin,Zhehu Jin,Jung Joon Lee,Guanhao Li,Guanghai Yan 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.4

Background: The effect of ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) on mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of G-Rh2 on OVA-induced asthmatic mice and on mast cell-mediatedanaphylaxis. Methods: Asthma model was established for evaluating airway changes and ear allergy. RPMCs and RBL-2H3 were used for in vitro experiments. Calcium uptake, histamine release and degranulation weredetected. ELISA and Western blot measured cytokine and protein levels, respectively. Results: G-Rh2 inhibited OVA-induced airway remodeling, the production of TNF-a, IL-4, IL-8, IL-1b andthe degranulation of mast cells of asthmatic mice. G-Rh2 inhibited the activation of Syk and Lyn in lungtissue of OVA-induced asthmatic mice. G-Rh2 inhibited serum IgE production in OVA induced asthmaticmice. Furthermore, G-Rh2 reduced the ear allergy in IgE-sensitized mice. G-Rh2 decreased the earthickness. In vitro experiments G-Rh2 significantly reduced calcium uptake and inhibited histaminerelease and degranulation in RPMCs. In addition, G-Rh2 reduced the production of IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-8, andIL-4 in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. Interestingly, G-Rh2 was involved in the FcεRI pathway activation ofmast cells and the transduction of the Lyn/Syk signaling pathway. G-Rh2 inhibited PI3K activity in adose-dependent manner. By blocking the antigen-induced phosphorylation of Lyn, Syk, LAT, PLCg2, PI3KERK1/2 and Raf-1 expression, G-Rh2 inhibited the NF-kB, AKT-Nrf2, and p38MAPK-Nrf2 pathways. However, G-Rh2 up-regulated Keap-1 expression. Meanwhile, G-Rh2 reduced the levels of p-AKT,p38MAPK and Nrf2 in RBL-2H3 sensitized IgE cells and inhibited NF-kB signaling pathway activation byactivating the AKT-Nrf2 and p38MAPK-Nrf2 pathways. Conclusion: G-Rh2 inhibits mast cell-induced allergic inflammation, which might be mediated by theAKT-Nrf2/NF-kB and p38MAPK-Nrf2/NF-kB signaling pathways