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Biswas, Chandan,Lee, Young Hee WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.21 No.20
<P>Graphene and CNT exhibit excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties. In a Feature Article on page 3806, Young Hee Lee and Chandan Biswas review recent progress in carbon nanotube and graphene research. The review compares the electronic and opto‐electronic properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene, and their performances in devices such as transparent conducting films (transparency and sheet resistance) and field‐effect transistors (device types, ambipolarity, mobility, doping strategy, FET‐performance, logic and memory operations). </P>
Is an Optimum Currency Area Feasible in East and South East Asia?
CHANDAN SHARMA,RITESH KUMAR MISHRA 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2012 Global economic review Vol.41 No.3
In the backdrop of the recent economic crisis in the European Union, this study attempts to assess the degree of regional integration and the suitability of a monetary union in the East and South-East Asian (ESEA) region. For this purpose, we analyse the issue in a variety of ways. First, a long-run linkage of real output of the countries is tested using the cointegration analysis. Results suggest that real output of most of the countries in the region is cointegrated and move together in the long-run. To analyse the issue in detail, we focus on the impact of three different shocks, namely global, regional and country-specific, on real output of the countries. Results of impulse response and variance decomposition analysis reveal that regional shocks do not dominate in the sample countries, which is an indication of unfavourable condition to form an optimal currency area (OCA) in the region. These results are further confirmed by the outcome of computation of the modified Bayoumi and Eichengreen’s Indices. Finally, we employ the concept of Generalized Purchasing Power Parity (G-PPP), which however reveals that the bilateral real exchange rate of ESEA countries move together in the long-run and share a common stochastic trend, which in turn provides some empirical support for an OCA in the region.
Inclusive Economic Growth in Nepal
Chandan SAPKOTA 연세대학교 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2014 Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International D Vol.5 No.2
Inclusive economic growth is one of the most prominent development agendas. However, a systematic evaluation of progress toward greater inclusivity in the developing countries, and the required strategic foci for the future, remain largely absent from debates in both the academic and policymaking spheres. This paper applies and complements the Asian Development Bank’s inclusive economic growth framework by including an intra-country analysis, and in particular, the convergence and divergence across a range of relevant indicators among consumption quintiles in Nepal. It finds three stark disparities: (i) Nepal’s GDP growth and per capita growth remain the lowest in South Asia; (ii) the slow growth rate has failed to create adequate job opportunities, resulting in large-scale out-migration of workers from all consumption quintiles; and (iii) despite the overall inclusive pattern of growth over the last decade, there remains large disparities in the reach and utilization of social services and economic opportunities among the poorest quintiles. In addition, the pattern of growth could be made more inclusive by creating new opportunities and ensuring that the existing ones are shared more proportionately with the bottom quintiles.
A Hybrid Polybius-Playfair Music Cipher
Chandan Kumar,Sandip Dutta,Soubhik Chakraborty 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.8
Music has a versatile dimensionality; it can be used to express feelings, emotions and can also be used as a communicable language. Music and its attributes have been used in cryptography and steganography from a long time. Musical symbols and notes are used as replacement/substitution cipher. Using music as a cipher or cover media not only enhances the security of the message but also reduces its chance to be detected as an encoded or ciphered message. This paper proposes a hybrid Polybius and Playfair cipher which encodes the message into sequence of musical notes. The Playfair key matrix is generated using the Blum-Blum Shub generator. The bigrams of plain text message is first encrypted using Playfair cipher then individual character of the encrypted message is re-encrypted using Polybius cipher. The Playfair cipher enhances the security of the encrypted message over the simple substitution technique. The Polybius cipher then reduces the character set by appropriate number of symbols (here musical notes) for replacement. The basic 5X5 structure of key matrix in Polybius and Playfair is extended to 10X10 to hold the 95 prinTable characters of ASCII character set.
Chandan Choudhary,H. N. Bar,A. K. Pramanick,K. L. Sahoo,Durbadal Mandal 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.10
In this study, simultaneous effects of modified strain induced melt activation (M-SIMA) process and addition of Al-5Ti-1Bchemical grain refiner on the casting defects, microstructural features, and mechanical properties of hypoeutectic Al-7Sialloys are investigated. The traditional melting and casting techniques were used to develop cast ingots of unrefined andgrain refined structures of Al-7Si alloy. Addition of chemical refiner Al-5Ti-1B to Al-7Si melt could significantly changethe secondary dendritic arm spacing and eutectic Si particle size to 31% and 28%, respectively. In the M-SIMA process, castingots were 60% warm deformed and heat-treated at mushy zone at temperature 585 °C for 30 min. Spherical morphology ofα-Al grain and fine fibrous type eutectic Si are observed after M-SIMA process. Grain size of α-Al and eutectic Si are furtherreduced to 56% and 40% after M-SIMA process of grain refined Al-7Si alloy. Porosity and micro-cracks are also minimizedafter M-SIMA process. Microstructural features of cast and M-SIMA processed alloys were characterized through opticaland scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction techniques reveal the different phases present in the developed alloy. TEM analysis further confirms the presence of TiAl3and Ti7Al5Si14precipitates in grain refined Al-7Si alloy. A significantimprovement of 132% in hardness (HV), 76% in yield strength, 120% in ultimate tensile strength, 125% in elongation tofracture, and 116% in specific ultimate tensile strength are obtained in M-SIMA processed grain refined Al-7Si alloy. Fractographyanalysis reveals the mixed mode of fracture in M-SIMA processed Al-7Si alloy with refined structure comparedto brittle fracture of unrefined cast alloy.
Chandan Pandey,M. M. Mahapatra,Pradeep Kumar,A. Giri 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.5
The effect of weld groove design and heat treatment on microstructure evolution and Charpy toughness of P91pipe weldments was studied. The P91 pipe weldments were subjected to subcritical post weld heat treatment(760 °C-2 h) and normalizing/tempering conditions (normalized-1040 °C/40 min, air cooled; tempered 760 °C/2 h,air cooled) were employed. The influence of subsequent PWHT and N&T treatment on the microstructure of variouszone of P91 pipe weldments were also investigated. The present investigation also described the effect ofPWHT and N&T treatment on hardness, grain size, precipitate size, inter-particle spacing and fraction area of precipitatespresent in each zone of P91 pipe weldments. The result indicated great impact of heat treatment on theCharpy toughness and microstructure evolution of P91 weldments. The N&T treatment was found to be moreeffective heat treatment compared to subsequent PWHT. Charpy toughness value was found to be higher for narrow-groove design as compared to conventional V-groove design.
Inferior alveolar nerve dysfunction in mandibular fractures: a prospective cohort study
Chandan S N,Sujeeth Kumar Shetty,Sahith Kumar Shetty,Anjan Kumar Shah 대한구강악안면외과학회 2021 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.47 No.3
Objectives: To assess the prevalence and recovery of inferior alveolar nerve dysfunction (IAND) in mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Clinical neurosensory testing was done preoperatively and the IAND was categorized as mild, moderate or severe. Postoperatively, neurosensory testing was repeated at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and every 3 months thereafter. Results: A total of 257 patients with 420 fractures were included in the study with a mean age of 31.7 years. Body fractures (95.9%) had the highest incidence of IAND, followed by the angle fractures (90.1%) and symphysis fractures (27.6%). The condyle and coronoid fractures did not have any IAND and hence were excluded from further study. After eliminating those cases, 232 patients remained in the study with 293 fractures. The overall prevalence of IAND in fractures occurring distal to the mandibular foramen was 56.3%. The changes until 1 week were minimal. From 1 month to 6 months, there was a significant reduction in the severity of IAND. A significant number of cases (60.0%) were lost to follow-up between 6 and 9 months. At 6 months, 23.9% of cases still had some form of IAND and 95.0% of the symphysis, 59.0% of the angle and 34.8% of the body fractures with IAND had become normal. Conclusion: This study documents the reduction in the degree of severity of IAND in the first six months and provides the basis for future studies with longer periods of follow-up.