Comprehensive genomic analyses with 115 plastomes from algae to seed plants: structure, gene contents, GC contents, and introns

Eun‑Chae Kwon,Jong‑Hwa Kim,Nam‑Soo Kim 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.5

Background Chloroplasts are a common character in plants. The chloroplasts in each plant lineage have shaped their own genomes, plastomes, by structural changes and transferring many genes to nuclear genomes during plant evolution. Some plastid genes have introns that are mostly group II introns. Objective This study aimed to get genomic and evolutionary insights on the plastomes from green algae to flowering plants. Methods Plastomes of 115 species from green algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes (spore bearing vascular plants), gymnosperms, and angiosperms were mined from NCBI organelle genome database. Plastome structure, gene contents and GC contents were analyzed by the in-house developed Phyton code. Intronic features including presence/absence, length, intron phases were analyzed by manually in the annotated information in NCBI. Results The canonical quadripartite structures were retained in most plastomes except of a few plastomes that had lost an invert repeat (IR). Expansion or reduction or deletion of IRs resulted in the length variation of the plastomes. The number of protein coding genes ranged from 40 to 92 with an average 79.43 ± 5.84 per plastome and gene losses were apparent in specific lineages. The number of trn genes ranged from 13 to 33 with an average 21.19 ± 2.42 per plastome. Ribosomal RNA genes, rrn, were located in the IRs so that they were present in a duplicate except of the species that had lost one of the IR. GC contents were variable from 24.9 to 51.0% with an average 38.21 ± 3.27%, indicating bias to high AT contents. Plastid introns were present in 18 protein coding genes, six trn genes, and one rrn gene. Intron losses occurred among the orthologous genes in different plant lineages. The plastid introns were long compared with the nuclear introns, which might be related with the spliceosome nuclear introns and self-splicing group II plastid introns. The trnK-UUU intron contained the maturase encoding matK gene except in the chlorophyte algae and monilophyte ferns in which the trnK-UUU was lost, but matK retained. There were many annotation artefacts in the intron positions in the NCBI database. In the analysis of intron phases, phase 0 introns were more frequent than those of phase 2 and 3 introns. Phase polymorphism was observed in the introns of clpP which was derived from nucleotide insertion. Plastid trn introns were long compared to the archaeal or eukaryotic nuclear tRNA introns. Of the six plastid trn introns, one was at the D loop and other five were at the anticodon loop. The insertion sites were conserved among the trn genes in archaea, eukaryotic nuclear and plastid tRNA genes. Conclusions Current study refurbrished the previous findings of structural variations, gene contents, and GC contents of the chloroplast genomes from green algae to flowering plants. The study also included some noble findings and discussions on the plastome introns including their length variations and phase variation. We also presented and corrected some false annotations on the introns in protein coding and tRNA genes in the genome database, which might be confirmed by the chloroplast transcriptome analysis in the future.

과학 교육과정상의 창조론과 진화론에 대한 초등 예비 교사의 인식 조사

채동현,최명재,김은영 전주교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 科學 敎育 硏究 論文集 Vol.23 No.1

The creation-evolution issued a contentious battle in school education.This study was surveyed on preservice students' idea on creation and evolution in science curriculum.Samples consisted of 150 preservice students in Chonju National University of Education.One instrument was used: a Likert scale type.The instrument had 50 items. As a result, many students suggested that Korean science curriculum developer keep in mind on reflecting creation as well as evolution In the future science curriculum.

망원경에 대한 초등 예비 교사들의 개념 조사

채동현,양종천,김은영 전주교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 科學 敎育 硏究 論文集 Vol.23 No.1

Presevice students' conceptions on the telescope were Investigated. Samples consisted of 63 students in Chonju National University of Education. The open-ended written questionnaire were used. The result were that students' naive theories on the telescope were numerous. For example, 87% students held the idea that when someone salts a object through the telescope, the object could be seen larger. This study was also discussed the teaching strategies to overcome these naive theories on the telescope.

솔-젤공정에 의한 한외알루미나 여과막의 기공보정에 관한 연구

채만병,조원준,정은정,이진휘,서동호 서울産業大學校 1996 논문집 Vol.44 No.1

서로 다른 입자 크기의 3층 구조를 갖는 튜브 형태의 한외 알루미나 분리막은, 일반적으로 제조공정중 분리층에 결손부분이 발생하기 때문에 낮은 선택도 및 제거율을 보인다. 이와같은 결손부분을 보정하기위하여 습도조절에 의한 선택적 적심(alternative wetting by controlled humidity)을 한 수 colloidal silical 솔을 적용하여 처리하고 특성을 평가 하였다. Sealing처리한 분리막에 대한 누수여부를 평가하기 위하여 3가지의 염료로 조사하였고, 보정전분리막과 보정후분리막에 대한 SEM, 액체으 투고도, 선택도 및 P.E.G./물 혼합물의 제거율을 측정하였다. P.E.G 2000, 12000 및 35000에 대한 제거율은 각각 약 0.6, 18 및 17% 향상된 결과를 보였으나 colloidal silica 솔의 deposition에 기인하여 투과율의 감소는 77%였다. 이상의 결과에서 보면 습도조절에 의한 선택적 적심법은 비록 deposition에 의한 문제점을 내포하고 있으나 액체분리를 위한 알루미나 한외여과막의 보정에 효과적인 방법이다. The 3-layer type alumina membrane consisting of different pore size shows the decreased selectivity and rejection because of cracks in the separation layer generally occurred during the manufacturing process. To modify these cracks, the colloidal sol is applied by sol-gel process after treating by alternative wetting method using controlled humidity(Alternative Wetting Method by controlled humidity) and evaluated the characteristics. For the evaluation of the leakage for the sealed membrane, the sealed membranes were tested by 3 kinds of dyes. For the comparing of native and modified membranes, the modified membranes for the cracks treated by Alternative Wetting Method by controlled humidity were also tested by SEM, permeability by liquid equipment, selectivity and rejection of the P.E.G./water mixtures. The results showed that the rejections were increased ca. 0.6, 18 and 17 % for the P.E.G. polyethyleneglycol 2000, 12000 and 35000 individually. The permeabilities are decreased, however, 77% for the pure water caused by deposition of colloidal silica sol after caulking. In conclusion, the Alternative Wetting Method by humidity control had the effect for the modification of ultrafiltration alumina membrane for separation of liquids and gases, though having problem of deposition.

洛東江河口粘土의 壓密係數에 관한 硏究

嚴采永 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1984 硏究報告 Vol.7 No.2

This study was aimed to establish the relationship of the coefficient of consolidation(Cv) derived from Terzaghi's theory with the measured coefficient of permeability(k) and the relationship between void ratio(e) and permeability(k) of the soil. Finally the equation for coefficient of consolidation based on the laboratary test has been derived for easy application as shown below. The general characteristics of the consolidation coefficient which were found during this study are summarized as belows; 1) The value of coefficient of consolidation calculated from the measured coefficient of permeadility has shown the lower value than fitting method but the higher value accordingly with the increase in applied load. 2) The infinite strain theory of Terzaghi is found out being more consistance with this study than the finite strain theory. 3) Following coefficients have been obtained for the equation of Cv=αβ^(n) which was assumed in this study; α=2.337×10^(-4) σ￣, β=-0.204logσ￣+1.354 4) Coefficient of Permeability has been expressed as k=1.858×10^(-6) e^(2.1418) 5) The final equation for coefficient of consolidation is proposed as function of void as log Cv=-5.5347 log (1.858×10^(-6) e^(2.1418))-31.4

우리나라 정신요양시설의 이용현황 및 평가에 관한 연구

채은희,서동우,이효영 대한보건협회 2003 대한보건연구 Vol.29 No.1

After the Mental Health Act was established at 1995, mental health service in korea has continuously been changed. The demand for long-term mental health care is on rise as the number of patient among population and social costs increases. In addition, as social concern about patient s quality of life enlarged, people give weight to quality management and evaluation of long term mental health care facilities. Through the evaluation of long-term mental health care facilities, the quality of mental health care can be improved and the function of long-tern mental health care facilities will be identified in mental health care system. Therefore this article will be used as a basic data for not only enhancing their service quality, but setting role and function of long-term mental health care facilities in health care delivery system. From the evaluation of long-term mental health care facilities, the eighty percents of a total 55 facilities was high or middle level. Physical environment items were at the highest level in evaluation parts but system management items were at the lowest level. So system management should be improved. The evaluation of long-term care facilities is a chance for checking the system and finding out problems in running the facilities. Also this evaluation will help to identify the role and function of long-term mental care facilities in the health care system.

인천지역 한 대학병원에서 진단된 기관지천식 중 직업관련성 천식

채창호,진영우,김은아,최승원,강성규,최용휴 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Bronchial Asthma could be developed by occupational origin. 4-16% of bronchial asthmas are known to be related to occupational exposure. However, occupational asthma has not been reported from the periodic occupational health examination, but reported through case report from clinicians. The authors analysed hospital records to find out work-related bronchial asthma and their occupational characteristics at a university hospital in Inchon. All records which were confirmed as bronchial asthma in adult by an allegist from June, 1996 to May, 1998 were selected. Through record reviewing, any suspected work related asthma was selected and the inteview was done by phone or at the out-patient clinic. The possible cases were confirmed by additional tests including specific bronchial provocation test. Sixteen(3.9%) out of 411 bronchial asthma were confirmed as work-related asthma. Eight cases out of 16 worked at furniture industry, three worked at dye manufacturing and two worked at musical instrument manufacturing industry. Others worked at farm and machinary industry. The confirmed asthmogen were toluene diisocyante(8), reactive dye(3), and grain dust(1). None of the cases was detected as work-related asthma in the periodic health examination. Twelve out of sixteen occupational asthma patients discontinued their work. The results suggested that many patients with occupational asthma were not reported and the periodic health examination was not an effective system for detecting the workrelated asthma. Thus setting up the surveillance system involving allergist or pulmonologist would be important to detect and prevent occupational asthma.

취업한 기혼여성의 자녀보육서비스 개선을 위한 제언

채옥희,정은미 한국가정과학회 2004 한국가정과학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the foreign and korean child care service, and to provide the political proposal for employ of working wives and enhancement of home welfare. The political proposals for working wives are as follows ; Now societal recognition that all children are the responsibility of our society is needed to provide the good quality child care service. Our society should support the child care service to be provided a variety of service by child care staff, and should promote the administration and direction in child care center and service. Most of all, societal support, administration and direction should be the same in home-based care and center-based care.

과학과 수행평가를 위한 평가체계의 개발 Ⅱ : 과학지식의 적용력 평가체계의 실제 Evaluation System of Applying Scientific Knowledge

김은진,임채성 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 科學敎育硏究 Vol.28 No.-

In this study, we developed a evaluation system for performance assessment on applying science knowledge. It was based on theoretical background that we had studied previously. According to previous study, applying scientific knowledge is considered as science problem solving. So, we also developed a elementary science performance assessment tool based on science problem solving processes. the tool consist of a task, a response format and a scoring system, as other performance assessments with high quality the scoring system developed to assess students' responses contained in the response formats showed significant degrees of agreement among a science education expert, a in-service teacher an pre-service teachers. Therefore, by using the scoring system which based on assessment criteria, the whole processes of student learning could be assessed objectively.

제7차 교육과정기의 초등 과학교과 현장학습 실태조사

김은진,임채성 한국초등과학교육학회 2003 초등과학교육 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate about current status of science field study in elementary schools. A total of 72 elementary teachers in Busan and Gyungnam districts were involved and the data from questionnaire was gathered. The questionnaire was comprised two parts: items on general level include the epistemological aspect and actual condition and items on concrete level according to chapters of elementary school science curriculum. The major findings are as follows: 1. May teachers cognize the requirement of science field study in 7th Korean elementary school science curriculum is larger than 6th one. But they respond the actual number of science field study in 7th curriculum is nearly equal to 6th. 2. In analysis to grades, the actual number of field study decrease as grade is high. 3. In the science content aspects, the requirement of field study is the largest on biology domain and earth science domain. 4. Many teachers have pointed out "the difficulty of administration for field study" and "inappropriated surrounding their school" as the problems of science field study in elementary school.