A New Classification for Hemorrhoidal Disease: The Creation of the “BPRST” Staging and Its Application in Clinical Practice

Carlos Walter Sobrado Júnior,Carlos de Almeida Obregon,Afonso Henrique da Silva e Sousa Júnior,Lucas Faraco Sobrado,Sérgio Carlos Nahas,Ivan Cecconello 대한대장항문학회 2020 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.36 No.4

Purpose: Present an updated classification for symptomatic hemorrhoids, which not only guides the treatment of internal hemorrhoids but also the treatment of external components. In addition, this new classification includes new treatment alternatives created over the last few years. Methods: Throughout the past 7 years, the authors developed a method to classify patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids. This study, besides presenting this classification proposal, also retrospectively analyzed 149 consecutive patients treated between March 2011 and November 2013 and aimed to evaluate the association between the management adopted with Goligher classification and our proposed BPRST classification. Results: Both classifications had a statistically significant association with the adopted management strategies. However, the BPRST classification tended to have fewer management discrepancies when each stage of disease was individually analyzed. Conclusion: Although there is much disagreement about how the classification of hemorrhoidal disease should be updated, it is accepted that some kind of revision is needed. The BPRST method showed a strong association with the management that should be adopted for each stage of the disease. Further studies are needed for its validation, but the current results are encouraging.

Causas e implicaciones del fin a la multipropiedad en el fútbol mexicano

Carlos Alfonso Macías Valadez Elias 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2015 중남미연구 Vol.34 No.2

The soccer multi-ownership exists when the same person or company owns two or more football clubs at the same time in a professional league. This practice has been considered by FIFA, and conditioned according to its statutes, to protect the integrity of this sport, due to the fact that if two soccer teams are playing in the same competition and both of them are owned by the same individual, this could have an adverse effect on the truthfulness of the competition. Under this consideration, or even in spite of that, the soccer multi-ownership has existed in Mexico since 1982. Surprisingly, in May 2013, the Mexican Football Federation, after 31 years, announced the gradual abolition of this practice. The causes of this measure were not completely clarified, and presumably are not related to a FIFA’s direct command or pressure, but to an internal struggle of interests among the Mexican soccer team owners. Particularly, it is believed that Grupo Televisa and Grupo Salinas, which are the conglomerates that apparently are in control of the professional soccer in Mexico, are behind that decision taken by the Mexican Football Federation. Throughout this analysis, based on a professional academic methodology aimed to find objective causalities among the facts occurred around the issue, the causes of the ban of the soccer multi-ownership in Mexico shall be examined.

Causas e implicaciones del fin a la multipropiedad en el fútbol mexicano

Carlos Alfonso Macias Valadez 한국외국어대학교 외국종합연구센터 중남미연구소 2015 중남미연구 Vol.34 No.2

Ultrasound biomicroscopy for the assessment of early-stage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced in rats by a high-fat diet

Antonio Carlos Soares Pantaleão,Marcio Pinto de Castro,Krishynan Shanty Fernandes Meirelles Araujo,Carlos Frederico Ferreira Campos,André Luiz Alves da Silva,José Eduardo Ferreira Manso,João Carlos Ma 대한초음파의학회 2022 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.41 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to diagnose the initial stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a rat model. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were allocated to control or experimental groups. A high-fat diet (HFD) with 20% fructose and 2% cholesterol, resembling a common Western diet, was fed to animals in the experimental groups for up to 16 weeks; those in the control group received a regular diet. A 21 MHz UBM system was used to acquire B-mode images at specific times: baseline (T0), 10 weeks (T10), and 16 weeks (T16). The sonographic hepatorenal index (SHRI), based on the average ultrasound image gray-level intensities from the liver parenchyma and right renal cortex, was determined at T0, T10, and T16. The liver specimen histology was classified using the modified Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network NAFLD activity scoring system. Results: The livers in the animals in the experimental groups progressed from sinusoidal congestion and moderate macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis to moderate steatosis and frequent hepatocyte ballooning. The SHRI obtained in the experimental group animals at T10 and T16 was significantly different from the SHRI of pooled control group. No significant difference existed between the SHRI in animals receiving HFD between T10 and T16.Conclusion: SHRI measurement using UBM may be a promising noninvasive tool to characterize early-stage NAFLD in rat models.

The Component ‘Lateral Faces of RHS’ under Compression at Ambient and High Temperature

Carlos López-Colina,Miguel A. Serrano,Fernando L. Gayarre,Jorge González 한국강구조학회 2014 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.14 No.1

The present paper is an extension of previous articles written by the authors. It applies the component method to structuraljoint configurations and conditions traditionally excluded from the application field of this approach. For this purpose, jointsbetween rectangular hollow sections have been selected. In addition, the fire-temperature condition, which is not consideredin the codes for steel joints at this moment, was chosen as an additional subject to be studied. Since the componentcharacterization is one of the main steps of the component method and the Eurocode approach requires the calculation of bothresistance and stiffness of each one of the parts in which the whole joint can be divided, the component ‘lateral faces of RHS’under compression was studied at ambient and high temperature conditions. Some previous experimental and numerical testswere used to finally obtain a complete analytical model proposal that includes both strength and stiffness of the component The present paper is an extension of previous articles written by the authors. It applies the component method to structuraljoint configurations and conditions traditionally excluded from the application field of this approach. For this purpose, jointsbetween rectangular hollow sections have been selected. In addition, the fire-temperature condition, which is not consideredin the codes for steel joints at this moment, was chosen as an additional subject to be studied. Since the componentcharacterization is one of the main steps of the component method and the Eurocode approach requires the calculation of bothresistance and stiffness of each one of the parts in which the whole joint can be divided, the component ‘lateral faces of RHS’under compression was studied at ambient and high temperature conditions. Some previous experimental and numerical testswere used to finally obtain a complete analytical model proposal that includes both strength and stiffness of the component.

Early Life Factors Influencing the Risk of Obesity

Carlos Lifschitz 대한소아소화기영양학회 2015 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.18 No.4

The obesity epidemic is a worldwide problem. Factors predisposing to obesity include genetics, race, socioeconomic conditions, birth by cesarean section, and perinatal antibiotic use. High protein (HP) content in infant formulas has been identified as a potential culprit predisposing to rapid weight gain in the first few months of life and leading to later obesity. In a large multicountry study the effects of lower protein (LP) formula (1.77 and 2.2 g protein/100 kcal, before and after the 5th month, respectively) were compared to those of higher protein (2.9 and 4.4 g protein/100 kcal, respectively). Results indicated that at 24 months, the weight-for-length z score of infants in the LP formula group was 0.20 (0.06, 0.34) lower than that of the HP group and was similar to that of the breastfed reference group. The authors concluded that a HP content of infant formula is associated with higher weight in the first 2 years of life but has no effect on length. LP intake in infancy might diminish the later risk of overweight and obesity. At 6 years of age HP children had a significantly higher body mass index (by 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.90; p=0.009) and a 2.43 (95% CI, 1.12-5.27; p=0.024) fold greater risk of becoming obese than those who received the LP. In conclusion, several factors may influence development of metabolic syndrome and obesity. Breastfeeding should always be encouraged. An overall reduction of protein intake in formula non breastfed infants seems to be an additional way to prevent obesity.

Analytical Equations for Interfacial Stresses of Composite Beams Due to Shrinkage

Carlos Zanuy 한국강구조학회 2015 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.15 No.4

Long term effects due to shrinkage may lead to deformations in steel-concrete composite members that are to be taken into account in the verification of the in-service condition. Simultaneously, tangential and normal stresses develop at the connection between concrete and steel and they can result in uplift effects, especially in end regions. In this paper, an analytical model is presented and closed-form solutions are derived in order to quantify deflections of composite members with partial interaction, as well as stresses and relative displacements at the connection. It is shown that deflections and tangential stresses/ slips can be properly obtained if equal curvatures between the components of the composite member are assumed. Nevertheless, such a hypothesis must be abandoned in order to reproduce uplift effects at the interface and a new model is presented to derive the distribution of normal stresses.

Effect of abutment angulation in the retention and durability of three overdenture attachment systems: An in vitro study

Carlos Aroso,Antonio Sergio Silva,Raul Ustrell,Jose Manuel Mendes,Ana Cristina Braga,Esther Berastegui,Tomas Escuin 대한치과보철학회 2016 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.8 No.1

PURPOSE This in vitro study investigated and compared the durability and retention of three types of attachments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three commercially available attachments were investigated: Clix®, Dalbo-Plus® and Locator®. In total, 72 samples of these attachments were placed in the acrylic resin forms and subjected to mechanical testing (5400 cycles of insertion and removal) over the respective ball or Locator abutments immersed in artificial saliva at pH 7 and 37℃. The abutments were placed at angulations of 0°, 10° and 20°. The retention force was recorded at the beginning and after 540, 1080, 2160, 3240, 4320 and 5400 insertion-removal cycles. RESULTS The results revealed that there were significant differences in the average values of the insertion/removal force due to angulation (F (2.48) = 343619, P<.05) and the type of attachment (F (7.48) = 23.220, P<.05). CONCLUSION Greater angulation of the abutments was found to influence the retention capacity of the attachments, and the fatigue test simulating 5 years of denture insertion and removal did not produce wear in the metal abutments.

Desarrollo comunitario de sitio ecoturístico en cascada de Tamul

Carlos Alfonso Macías Valadez Elias 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2023 중남미연구 Vol.42 No.4

Ciertamente, el modelo de desarrollo capitalista produjo un rápido crecimiento económico del que solo unos pocos se beneficiaron. Sin embargo, por otro lado, también causó muchos problemas sociales y devastación ambiental. A fin de contrarrestar estos impactos negativos, en las últimas décadas se ha producido una transición de este modelo al desarrollo sostenible. El surgimiento de este nuevo paradigma ha fomentado el ecoturismo, el cual también promueve el equilibrio entre la economía, la sociedad y el medio ambiente. Dado lo anterior, los proyectos ecoturísticos están ganando relevancia mundial en la actualidad. Al respecto, uno de ellos ha sido identificado en un pequeño poblado rural mexicano donde la comunidad está tratando de desarrollar un atractivo ecoturístico en un salto de agua conocido como cascada de Tamul. Empero, debido a la evolución relativamente reciente de este proyecto y su falta de orientación profesional, no se ha desarrollado completamente. En esta línea, es necesario diseñar estrategias adecuadas para aprovechar su potencial de manera pragmática, de modo que se pueda garantizar su sustentabilidad en miras de lograr el progreso y el bienestar integral de la localidad. Este objetivo es el que marca el devenir del presente estudio. Certainly, the capitalist development model produced rapid economic growth from which only a few benefited. However, on the other hand, it also caused many social problems and environmental devastation. In order to counteract these negative impacts, in recent decades there has been a transition from this model to sustainable development. The rise of this new paradigm has fostered ecotourism, which also promotes a balance among the economy, the society and the environment. Due to the above, ecotourist projects are currently gaining global relevance. In this regard, one of them has been identified in a small Mexican rural town where the community is trying to develop an ecotourist attraction in a cascade known as Tamul waterfall. Nevertheless, due to relatively recent evolution of this project and its lack of professional direction, it has not been fully developed. In this line, it is necessary to design appropriate strategies to take advantage of its potential in a pragmatic way, so its sustainability can be guaranteed in order to achieve progress and comprehensive well-being in the locality. This aim leads the development of this study.

Managing Capital Inflows: The Chilean Experience

Carlos Massad 세계경제연구원 2002 세계경제연구원 간행물 Vol.2-1 No.-