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DEGUMMING OF SILK FABRIC WITH AN ENZYME DEGUMMASE
Chopra, Sheetal,Garg, Samir,Gulrajani, M. L. 한국잠사학회 1994 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.36 No.1
Degumming with enzyme Degummase can be a viale alternative to the existing methods of degumming. Degumming, carried out with the conventional method of Marseille's soap 25% (owf) for 1.5h at boil gives a weight loss of about 24%. On comparison, degumming with 10% enzyme at 50°C for 60 min gives a weight loss of about 22%. Treatment with enzyme reguires a much lower temperature and also the treatment time is shorter than the conventional process. Processing of silk at these conditions is likely to retain the lustre and softness of silk. To economise on the quantity of enzyme, conditions were optimised for a pad-store process. An enzyme concentration of 0.5% at 50°C for a time period of 5~6h resulted in a weight loss of 22%. Though the concentration of the enzyme used was 20 times less than that used for long liquor method there was some strength loss. At 50°C treatments carried out for 7~8 h resulted in some degradation. Strength loss occurs because enzyme in the absence of any stirring keeps acting at the face where it is deposited. Effect of temperature was more pronounced than time in degrading silk.
Piezoelectric non-linearity in PbSc<sub>0.5</sub>Ta<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films
Chopra, A.,Kim, Y.,Alexe, M.,Hesse, D. Pergamon Press 2014 The Journal of physics and chemistry of solids Vol.75 No.11
Epitaxial (001)-oriented PbSc<SUB>0.5</SUB>Ta<SUB>0.5</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (PST) thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition. Local piezoelectric investigations performed by piezoelectric force microscopy show a dual slope for the piezoelectric coefficient. A piezoelectric coefficient of 3pm/V was observed at voltages up to 0.8V. However, at voltages above 0.8V, there is a steep increase in piezoelectric coefficient mounting to 23.2pm/V. This nonlinear piezoelectric response was observed to be irreversible in nature. In order to better understand this nonlinear behavior, voltage dependent dielectric constant measurements were performed. These confirmed that the piezoelectric non-linearity is indeed a manifestation of a dielectric non-linearity. In contrast to classical ferroelectric systems, the observed dielectric non-linearity in this relaxor material cannot be explained by the Rayleigh model. Thus the dielectric non-linearity in the PST films is tentatively explained as a manifestation of a percolation of the polar nano regions.
Chopra, Purnima,Gupta, Mamta,Modi, Kanak Korean Mathematical Society 2022 대한수학회논문집 Vol.37 No.4
Our aim is to establish certain image formulas of the (p, 𝜈)-extended Gauss' hypergeometric function F<sub>p,𝜈</sub>(a, b; c; z) by using Saigo's hypergeometric fractional calculus (integral and differential) operators. Corresponding assertions for the classical Riemann-Liouville(R-L) and Erdélyi-Kober(E-K) fractional integral and differential operators are deduced. All the results are represented in terms of the Hadamard product of the (p, 𝜈)-extended Gauss's hypergeometric function F<sub>p,𝜈</sub>(a, b; c; z) and Fox-Wright function <sub>r</sub>Ψ<sub>s</sub>(z). We also established Jacobi and its particular assertions for the Gegenbauer and Legendre transforms of the (p, 𝜈)-extended Gauss' hypergeometric function F<sub>p,𝜈</sub>(a, b; c; z).
Chopra, A,O-Sullivan, I,Carr, J,Kim, T S,Cohen, E P Nature Publishing Group 2007 Cancer gene therapy Vol.14 No.6
In a prior report (Int J Cancer 2006; 119: 339–348), we described a new vaccination strategy for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The vaccine was prepared by transfer of unfractionated DNA-fragments (25 kb) from KLN205 cells, a squamous carcinoma cell line (DBA/2 origin; H-2<SUP>d</SUP>) into LM cells, a highly immunogenic mouse fibroblast cell line (C3H/He origin; (H-2<SUP>k</SUP>)). As only a small proportion of the transfected cell population was expected to have incorporated DNA segments that included genes specifying antigens associated with the squamous carcinoma cells, we devised a novel strategy to enrich the vaccine for immunotherapeutic cells. Enhanced immunity to squamous carcinoma was induced in tumor-bearing mice treated solely by immunization with the enriched vaccine, which translated into prolonged survival without toxicity. Here, we describe the characteristics of the cell populations infiltrating established squamous carcinomas undergoing regression in mice immunized with vaccines enriched for immunotherapeutic cells. The results indicated that CD8+ T cells were predominant and that T-regulatory cells (FoxP3+, CD4/CD25+, CD4/CD62L<SUP>high</SUP>, CD4/CTLA-4e) were relatively deficient in the regressing tumors. Inflammatory infiltrates were not detected in various organs and tissues of mice immunized with the DNA-based vaccine.Cancer Gene Therapy (2007) 14, 573–582. doi:10.1038/sj.cgt.7701040; published online 23 March 2007
Ashima Chopra,Mandeep Kaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.5
Particle Swarm Optimization is a popular heuristic search technique developed by Eberhart and Kennedy in 1995 which takes its inspiration from the social and cognitive learning of birds or fishes. This algorithm comprises the involvement of swarm intelligence technique for optimization. The most widely accepted variation of the basic PSO technique is PSO with Inertia weight which substantially controls the convergence behaviour and exploration exploitation trade-off in the basic PSO technique. From its initialization onwards a huge range of modifications of Inertia Weight strategy have been recommended. This paper involves the use of PSO with varying values of inertia weight for solving the Travelling Salesman Problem. An analysis of how different inertia weight values effect the solution in terms of time complexity, space complexity and convergence in carried out in order to know the value best suited for setting up the inertia weight.
Purnima Chopra,Mamta Gupta,Kanak Modi Korean Mathematical Society 2023 대한수학회논문집 Vol.38 No.3
Our aim is to establish certain image formulas of the (p, q)-extended modified Bessel function of the second kind M<sub>ν,p,q</sub>(z) by employing the Marichev-Saigo-Maeda fractional calculus (integral and differential) operators including their composition formulas and using certain integral transforms involving (p, q)-extended modified Bessel function of the second kind M<sub>ν,p,q</sub>(z). Corresponding assertions for the Saigo's, Riemann-Liouville (R-L) and Erdélyi-Kober (E-K) fractional integral and differential operators are deduced. All the results are represented in terms of the Hadamard product of the (p, q)-extended modified Bessel function of the second kind M<sub>ν,p,q</sub>(z) and Fox-Wright function <sub>r</sub>Ψ<sub>s</sub>(z).