An Innate Bactericidal Oleic Acid Effective Against Skin Infection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Therapy Concordant with Evolutionary Medicine

( Chao Hsuan Chen ),( Yan Han Wang ),( Teruaki Nakatsuji ),( Yu Tsueng Liu ),( Christos C. Zouboulis ),( Richard L. Gallo ),( Liangfang Zhang ),( Ming Fa Hsieh ),( Chun Ming Huang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are known to have bacteriocidal activity and are important components of the innateimmune system. Many FFAs are naturally present in human and animal skin, breast milk, and in the bloodstream. Here, the therapeutic potential of FFAs against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is demonstrated in cultures and in mice. Among a series of FFAs, only oleic acid (OA) (C18:1, cis-9) can effectively eliminate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) through cell wall disruption. Lauric acid (LA, C12:0) and palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) do not have this ability. OA can inhibit growth of a number of Gram-positive bacteria, including hospital and community-associated MRSA at a dose that did not show any toxicity to human sebocytes. The bacteriocidal activities of FFAs were also demonstrated in vivo through injection of OA into mouse skin lesions previously infected with a strain of MRSA. In conclusion, our results suggest a promising therapeutic approach against MRSA through boosting the bacteriocidal activities of native FFAs, which may have been co-evolved during the interactions between microbes and their hosts.

Applications of Laser-Fabricated Plasma Structures in Laser-Wakefield Accelerators, X-ray Lasers and Plasma Nonlinear Optics

C.T. Hsieh,M.W. Lin,C.L. Chang,Y.C. Ho,S.Y. Chen,J. Wang,M.C. Chou,J.Y. Lin,C.H. Pai,P.H. Lin,L.C. Tai,S.H. Chen,G.Y. Tsaur,C.C. Kuo,T.Y. Chien 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.6

A general method for fabricating transient plasma structures with high-intensity laser pulses is developed to gain fine control over laser-plasma interactions. These structures have been used as programmable photonic devices in the development of laser-wakefield accelerators, soft X-ray lasers and plasma nonlinear optics driven by multi-terawatt laser pulses. Plasma ramps are used to control electron injection in laser-wakefield accelerators, plasma waveguides are used to enhance the efficiency of soft X-ray lasers by orders of magnitude and periodic plasma structures are used to achieve quasi-phase matching in relativistic harmonic generation. By scanning the interaction length with the same plasma-fabrication method, tomographic measurements are carried out to resolve the injection/acceleration process in laser-wakefield accelerators and amplification processes in X-ray lasers and relativistic harmonic generation. A theoretical analysis and a computer simulation are also carried out to provide insightful pictures of these processes. These research works show that by controlling plasma structures with optical fabrication methods, laser-plasma interaction can be engineered to expand and enrich the frontier of high-field physics.

Aircraft application with artificial fuzzy heuristic theory via drone

C.C. Hung,T. Nguyen,C.Y. Hsieh Techno-Press 2023 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.10 No.6

The drone serves the customers not served by vans. At the same time, considering the safety, policy and terrain as well as the need to replace the battery, the drone needs to be transported by truck to the identified station along with the parcel. From each such station, the drone serves a subset of customers according to a direct assignment pattern, i.e., every time the drone is launched, it serves one demand node and returns to the station to collect another parcel. Similarly, the truck is used to transport the drone and cargo between stations. This is somewhat different from the research of other scholars. In terms of the joint distribution of the drone and road vehicle, most scholars will choose the combination of two transportation tools, while we use three. The drone and vans are responsible for distribution services, and the trucks are responsible for transporting the goods and drone to the station. The goal is to optimize the total delivery cost which includes the transportation costs for the vans and the delivery cost for the drone. A fixed cost is also considered for each drone parking site corresponding to the cost of positioning the drone and using the drone station. A discrete optimization model is presented for the problem in addition to a two-phase heuristic algorithm. The results of a series of computational tests performed to assess the applicability of the model and the efficiency of the heuristic are reported. The results obtained show that nearly 10% of the cost can be saved by combining the traditional delivery mode with the use of a drone and drone stations.

3-D THERMAL-HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS FOR AIRFLOW OVER A RADIATOR AND ENGINE ROOM

Hsieh, C.T.,Jang, J.Y. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.5

In the present study, a numerical analysis of the three-dimensional heat transfer and fluid flow for a vehicle cooling system was developed. The flow field of the engine room between the grille and radiator was analyzed. The results show that, as the airflow inlet grille angle $\alpha$ is varied from $15^{\circ}$ to $-15^{\circ}$, the air flow rate compared with $\alpha=0^{\circ}$(horizontal) changes from -11.9% to +5.1%; while the heat flux from the radiator changes from -9.2% to +4.4%. When the airflow inlet bumper angle $\beta$ is varied from $-5^{\circ}$ to $+15^{\circ}$, the heat flux from the radiator compared with $\beta=0^{\circ}$(horizontal) increases up to +4.4%. When the airflow inlet grille angle $\alpha=-15^{\circ}$ and the bumper grill angle $\beta=+15^{\circ}$, the airflow rates and heat flux compared with($\alpha=0^{\circ}$, $\beta=0^{\circ}$) can be increased to +9.5% and +7.5%, respectively. The results indicate that the optimal angles for cooling efficiency are used.

Session 4 : A Project for Dealing with the Missing Character Problem

C C Hsieh,Christian Wittern,John Lehman 동국대학교 전자불전문화콘텐츠연구소 2001 전자불전 Vol.3 No.-

Monitoring the Comfort of Poultry Body by Infrared Thermography

( C. H. Tsou ),( T. T. Lin ),( C. C. Liu ),( K. W. Hsieh ),( Y. C. Tsai ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

At present, the environmental regulation of Taiwanese traditional poultry farm is based on the information collected by the ambient temperature and humidity sensor. However, this method is unable to know the situation of the poultry directly. The purpose of this study is to collect poultry body surface temperature information directly by the infrared thermal imager. The relationship between poultry body surface temperature and temperature-humidity index (THI) is studied for estimating the actual feeling of poultry at different conditions. The Raspberry Pi, infrared thermal imaging sensor, environmental sensors were integrated for collecting the poultry body temperature and environmental information. The collected poultry infrared thermal images were divided into head, foot and wing different areas for the analysis. The environment temperature, humidity, air velocity and poultry surface temperature were continuous recorded for four weeks. The measured chicken’s surface temperature from infrared image sensor changes with the THI. The temperature change of the chicken’s foot is larger than the temperature of chicken’s head, and wing. The correlation between poultry surface temperature and THI, and temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI) were calculated. According to the results, the correlation between poultry surface temperature and THI is higher than the correlation between poultry surface temperature and THVI. It shows that THI impacts on the poultry surface temperature. The poultry surface temperature can be detected by the infrared camera for poultry house environment control.

A Project for Dealing with the Missing Character Problem

Hsieh, C.C.,Wittern, Christian,Lehman, John 동국대학교 전자불전연구소 2001 전자불전 Vol.3 No.-

The project described in this paper takes advantage of the 7 year experience of the Academia Sinica Institute of Information Science Document Processing Laboratory in studying the missing character problem. It is intended to develop a packaging and processing system which is compatible with international standards for use in an internet or Windows environment. The initial design constraints were to use XML markup as part of a system to allow the viewing and processing of documents containing missing characters by any personal computer capable of running Windows 98, and using standard software such as Microsoft Word. It requires no modification of the user’s system or software, and provides facilities for sharing data between users. The project was funded by a grant from the Republic of China (Taiwan) Ministry of Education, and is expected to be further developed to run on a larger variety of systems.

Aircraft delivery vehicle with fuzzy time window for improving search algorithm

C.C. Hung,T. Nguyen,C.Y. Hsieh Techno-Press 2023 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.10 No.5

Drones are increasingly used in logistics delivery due to their low cost, high-speed and straight-line flight. Considering the small cargo capacity, limited endurance and other factors, this paper optimized the pickup and delivery vehicle routing problem with time windows in the mode of "truck+drone". A mixed integer programming model with the objective of minimizing transportation cost was proposed and an improved adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm is designed to solve the problem. In this algorithm, the performance of the algorithm is improved by designing various efficient destroy operators and repair operators based on the characteristics of the model and introducing a simulated annealing strategy to avoid falling into local optimum solutions. The effectiveness of the model and the algorithm is verified through the numerical experiments, and the impact of the "truck+drone" on the route cost is analyzed, the result of this study provides a decision basis for the route planning of "truck+drone" mode delivery.

Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers

Hsieh, Y.C.,Lin, W.C.,Chuang, W.Y.,Chen, M.H.,Chang, S.C.,Lee, T.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.2

Objective: The study developed mushroom stalk residues as feed additives in the broiler diet for improving the growth performance and immunity of broilers as well as to increase the value of mushroom stalk residues. Methods: In total, 300 ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated into fifteen pens with five dietary treatments: i) control, basal diet; ii) CMWM, supplemented with 1% Cordyceps militaris waster medium (CM); iii) CMPE, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue (PE); iv) CMPS, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus sajorcaju stalk residue (PS); v) CMFV, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Fammulina velutipes stalk residue (FV). Results: The chemical analysis results showed that CM extracts, PE extracts, PS extracts, and FV extracts contain functional components such as polysaccharides and phenols and have both 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate scavenging and Ferrous scavenging capacities. The group CMWM saw increased body weight gain and feed conversion rate and the promotion of jejunum villus growth, but there is no significant difference in the intestinal bacteria phase. Antioxidant genes in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant responsive element pathway among the groups are significantly higher than that of the control group, especially in group CMWM. Conclusion: The mushroom stalk residues have antioxidant functional components, can improve the intestinal health and body weight gain of chickens, and can activate the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2 to increase the heme oxygenase-1 expression. The treatment with 1% CM was the most promising as a feed additive.

Transport of charged particles: Entropy production and Maximum Dissipation Principle

Hsieh, C.Y.,Hyon, Y.,Lee, H.,Lin, T.C.,Liu, C. Academic Press 2015 Journal of mathematical analysis and applications Vol.422 No.1

In order to describe the dynamics of crowded ions (charged particles), we use an energetic variational approach to derive a modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system which includes an extra dissipation due to the effective velocity differences between ion species. Such a system has more complicated nonlinearities than the original PNP system but with the same equilibrium states. Using Galerkin's method and Schauder's fixed-point theorem, we develop a local existence theorem of classical solutions for the modified PNP system. Different dynamics (but same equilibrium states) between the original and modified PNP systems can be represented by numerical simulations using finite element method techniques.