Data Build-up for the Construction of Korean Specific Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory in Livestock Categories

Won, S.G.,Cho, W.S.,Lee, J.E.,Park, K.H.,Ra, C.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.3

Many studies on methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from livestock industries have revealed that livestock production directly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through enteric fermentation and manure management, which causes negative impacts on animal environment sustainability. In the present study, three essential values for GHG emission were measured; i.e., i) maximum $CH_4$ producing capacity at mesophilic temperature ($37^{\circ}C$) from anaerobically stored manure in livestock category ($B_{0,KM}$, Korean livestock manure for $B_0$), ii) $EF_{3(s)}$ value representing an emission factor for direct $N_2O$ emissions from manure management system S in the country, kg $N_2O-N$ kg $N^{-1}$, at mesophilic ($37^{\circ}C$) and thermophilic ($55^{\circ}C$) temperatures, and iii) $N_{ex(T)}$ emissions showing annual N excretion for livestock category T, kg N $animal^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$, from different livestock manure. Static incubation with and without aeration was performed to obtain the $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ emissions from each sample, respectively. Chemical compositions of pre- and post- incubated manure were analyzed. Contents of total solids (% TS) and volatile solid (% VS), and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) decrease significantly in all the samples by C-containing biogas generation, whereas moisture content (%) and pH increased after incubation. A big difference of total nitrogen content was not observed in pre- and post-incubation during $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emissions. $CH_4$ emissions (g $CH_4$ kg VS-1) from all the three manures (sows, layers and Korean cattle) were different and high C/N ratio resulted in high $CH_4$ emission. Similarly, $N_2O$ emission was found to be affected by % VS, pH, and temperature. The $B_{0,KM}$ values for sows, layers, and Korean cattle obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ are 0.0579, 0.0006, and 0.0828 $m^3$ $CH_4$ kg $VS^{-1}$, respectively, which are much less than the default values in IPCC guideline (GL) except the value from Korean cattle. For sows and Korean cattle, $N_{ex(T)}$ values of 7.67 and 28.19 kg N $yr^{-1}$, respectively, are 2.5 fold less than those values in IPCC GL as well. However, $N_{ex(T)}$ value of layers 0.63 kg N $yr^{-1}$ is very similar to the default value of 0.6 kg N $yr^{-1}$ in IPCC GLs for National greenhouse gas inventories for countries such as South Korea/Asia. The $EF_{3(s)}$ value obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ were found to be far less than the default value.

농후사료 급여수준이 비거세 한우의 증체와 부위별 지방조직의 지방산 조성에 미치는 효과

송만강,김내수,정정수,최양일,원유석,정재경,최성호 ( M . K . Song,N . S . Kim,C . S . Chung,Y . I . Choi,Y . S . Won,J . K . Chung,S . H . Choi ) 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.5

The study was conducted with 63 Hanwoo bull calves of 193 days old for 19 months(up to 26 month of age) to examine the effect of feeding level of concentrate on the body weight gain, feed requirements and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of various locations(subcutaneous, abdominal, kidney, intermuscular and intramuscular fats). The calves were allotted into 3 treatments according to the feeding level of concentrate(85, 100 and 115%), and fed concentrates of Grower(7∼10 month of age), Finisher I(11∼16 month of age), Finisher II (17∼20 month of age) and Finisher III(21∼26 month of age). The feeding levels of concentrates for the cattle of 85% and 115% were decreased or increased by 15%, respectively, up to 15 month of age based on the similar body weight to the cattle of 100%. The feeding levels of the concentrates for the cattle of 85% and 100% were continuously increased for the next 2 months, to make same levels as for the cattle of I15%, thereafter amount of concentrate were continuously increased based on the rate of body gain for all the cattle. The cattle were fed in a individual feeding system through the experimental period. The cattle were slaughtered at the ages of 6, 14, 18 and 24 month and adipose tissues were collected to analyze long chain fatty acids. Results observed from the study were summarized as follows Overall mean dry matter intake and body gain per day and feed requirements of Hanwoo bulls during the 19 months of feeding from 193 day old calves were 6.69㎏, 0.95㎏ and 7.06, respectively. Body gain of the Hanwoo bulls during experimental period was greatly affected by the feeding level of concentrate, but feed requirement was improved up to 20 month of age with the decreased feeding level of concentrate. Fatty acids of C_(16:0) C_(18:0) and C_(18:1) in the adipose tissues at various locations of Hanwoo bulls were dominated. The feeding level of concentrate did not affect the fatty acid composition except for C_(16:1) and C_(18:1) in subcutaneous fat, and C_(18:1) and C_(18:2) in intramuscular fat of the cattle that were fed at the level of 85% at the age of 14 month(P$lt;.05). No differences were observed in fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of each location for the cattle of 18 and 24 month of age among treatments. There were tendencies of greater C_(16:1) and C_(18:1) in subcutaneous and intramuscular fats while higher C_(18:0) in abdominal fat. There were also trends of greater unsaturated fatty acid compositions in subcutaneous and intramuscular fats and higher saturated fatty acids in abdominal, kidney and intermuscular fats. Percent C_(18:0) tended to be decreased while C_(16:1) C_(18:1) and C_(18:2) increased with the age of Hanwoo bulls.

Korean Byungkyul - Citrus platymamma Hort.et Tanaka flavonoids induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, regulating MMP protein expression in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Hong, G. E.,Lee, H. J.,Kim, J. A.,Yumnam, S.,Raha, S.,Saralamma, V. Venkatarame Gowda,Heo, J. D.,Lee, S. J.,Kim, E. H.,Won, C. K. Lychnia 2017 International journal of oncology Vol.50 No.2

<P>Citrus platymamma Hort.et Tanaka is an indigenous fruit of Jeju island in Korea. In this study the bioactivity of C. platymamma flavonoids were evaluated on human hepatoma Hep3B cell lines. Eleven flavonoids were identified from the peels of C. platymamma Hort.et Tanaka through high-performance liquid chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry and the anticancer effect of these C. platymamma flavonoids on human hepatoma Hep3B were studied. Chromatin condensation was observed in Hep3B cells treated with C. platymamma flavonoids. DNA fragmentation was confirmed through agarose gel electrophoresis and TUNEL assay. An increase in the total apoptotic cells and G2/M cell cycle arrest with decreased protein expression of CDC25C, CDK1, cycl in B1 and p21 were observed in Hep3B cells treated with flavonoids of C. platymamma. Further, protein expression of Bcl-XL, Bax, caspase-3 and -9 were also modulated by C. platymamma flavonoids treatment indicating that cell death is through intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, C. platymamma flavonoids also regulated the phosphorylation of MAPKs, PI3K, and Akt in Hep3B cells. Relevant to inhibiting metastasis, C. platymamma treatment reduced wound closure of Hep3B cells and the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 were reduced in C. platymamma treated cells. The results show that C. platymamma flavonoids induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following activation of MAPKs and suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway which eventually inhibits cell migration in Hep3B cells. The finding provides evidence on biochemical activities of C. platymamma Hort.et Tanaka, which would be an essential agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment.</P>

Novel anti-apoptotic mechanism of A20 through targeting ASK1 to suppress TNF-induced JNK activation

Won, M,Park, K A,Byun, H S,Sohn, K-C,Kim, Y-R,Jeon, J,Hong, J H,Park, J,Seok, J H,Kim, J M,Yoon, W-H,Jang, I-S,Shen, H M,Liu, Z G,Hur, G M Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010 CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION Vol.17 No.12

The zinc-finger protein A20 has crucial physiological functions as a dual inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and apoptosis in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 signaling pathway. Although the molecular basis for the anti-NF-κB function of A20 has been well elucidated, the anti-apoptotic function of A20 is largely unknown. Here, we report a novel mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic function of A20: A20 blocks TNF-induced apoptosis through suppression of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by targeting apoptosis signal-regulating kinase1 (ASK1). First, the ectopic expression of A20 drastically inhibits TNF-induced JNK activation and apoptosis in multiple cell types including those deficient of NF-κB activation. Unexpectedly, the blunting effect of A20 on TNF-induced JNK activation is not mediated by affecting the TNFR1 signaling complex formation. Instead, A20 interacts with ASK1, an important MAPKK kinase in the JNK signaling cascade. More importantly, overexpression of wild-type A20, but not of mutant A20 (ZnF4; C624A, C627A), promotes degradation of the ASK1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Taken together, the results from this study reveal a novel anti-apoptotic mechanism of A20 in TNF signaling pathway: A20 binds to ASK1 and mediates ASK1 degradation, leading to suppression of JNK activation and eventually blockage of apoptosis.

박판 스프링용 탄소공구강재(SK4M)의 시험온도에 따른 기계적 특성평가에 관한 연구

원시태,임철록 서울産業大學校 2005 논문집 Vol.54 No.1

This study examined the effects of the testing temperature on the mechanical properties of the carbon tool steel (SK4M) for flat spring. Hardness test and fatigue test were performed at room temperature (20°C). Tensile test and creep test were performed at temperature range 20°C~160°C. The micro-vickers hardness values of SK4M was Hv = 584. The Elastic modulus, tensile strength and yield strength of SK4M at 160 °C test temperature were decreased 0.92 time, 0.97 time and 0.82 time those of SK4M at 20 °C test temperature, respectively. The maximum creep strain for lOOhr at creep temperature (80°C~160°C) and creep stress (37.4Kgf/mm²~93.6Kgf/mm²) was 0.572%. The fatigue limit of SK4M was 94Kgf/mm².

C-dump Converter에 의한 차량용 스위치드 릴럭턴스 전동기 구동 시스템의 고성능 제어

김도군(D.K. Kim),윤용호(Y.H. Yoon),이태원(T.W. Lee),원충연(C.Y. Won),김영렬(Y.R. Kim) 전력전자학회 2003 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.7(2)

Recently, SRMs are used in automobiles for power assistant steering, accessory motion control and traction drives. Especially in the motion control and traction drives, safety and efficiency are of paramount important. The paper describes the essential elements, faced in designing and constructing drive circuits for a switched reluctance motor for automobiles<br/> These converters will be referred to as energy efficient C-dump converter and modified C-dump converter. Energy efficient C-dump converter topology eliminate all the disadvantages of the C -dump converter without sacrificing its attractive features, and also provide some additional advantages that have lower number of power devices, full regenerative capability, free-wheeling in chopping or PWM mode, simple control strategy, and faster demagnetization during commutation. The experiments are performed to verify the capability of proposed control method on 6/4 salient type SRM.<br/>

TMS320C31을 이용한 얼굴 검출용 하드웨어 구현

박일용,진경찬,채승표,원철호,손병기,신장규,조진호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

The real-time pattern recognition is widely used in the image recognition or auto sentry systems to be implemented by the DSP chip which is adequate for real-time processing. The pattern recognition can be performed by two methods, i.e. the feature-based matching and template one mainly. Generally, the feature-based matching, such as DLM(dynamic linking matching), is very difficult to utilize as a software for the development of real-time processing system. So as to be possible for real-time processing is the template matching desirable. In this paper, we have proposed the image acquisition and processing system for face detection. By applying the PCA(principal component analysis), we made the template to be matched with the input image acquired by the implemented system. And then the face region could be extracted from the input image by the computations of the Euclidean distances between the template and the sub-images. The system, which is based on the TMS320C31 DSP chip, consists of the video signal A/D, D/A converter, image acquisition part, and DSP part.

박판 스프링용 스테인레스강재(STS301CSP-3/4H, STS301CSP-H)의 시험온도에 따른 기계적 특성평가에 관한 연구

원시태,임철록 서울産業大學校 2005 논문집 Vol.54 No.1

This study examined the effects of the testing temperature on the mechanical properties of the stainless steels (STS301CSP-3/4H and STS301CSP-H) for flat spring. Hardness test and fatigue test were performed at room temperature (20°C). Tensile test and creep test were performed at temperature range 20°C~200°C. The micro-vickers hardness values of STS301CSP-3/4H and STS301CSP-H were HV = 443 and HV = 488, respectively. The Elastic modulus, tensile strength, yield strength and strain of these materials were decreased with increasing testing temperature, respectively. The maximum creep strain for lOOhr at creep temperature (100°C~200°C) and creep stress (Tensile strength*50%) of these materials were 0.53%-0.58%. The fatigue limit of STS301CSP-3/4H and STS301CSP-H were 64.5Kgf/mm² and 67.4Kgf/mm², respectively.

食品에 있어서 有毒性農藥의 殘留量 測定 硏究 (第5報)

盧晶培,宋哲,權赫姬,金吉生,李興在,元敬豊,池文煥 國立保健硏究院 1972 국립보건연구원보 Vol.9 No.-

Subtle Chemical Shifts Explain the NMR Fingerprints of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins with High Dentin Biomodification Potency

( Joo Won Nam ),( Rasika S Phansalkar ),( David C Lankin ),( Jonathan Bisson ),( James B Mcalpine ),( Ariene A Leme ),( Cristina M P Vidal ),( Benjamin Ramirez ),( Matthias Niemitz ),( Ana Bedran Russ 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2016 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.26 No.-

The ability of certain oligomeric proanthocya-nidins (OPACs) to enhance the biomechanical properties of dentin involves collagen cross-linking of the 1.3-4.5 nm wide space via protein-polyphenol interactions. A systematic interdisciplinary search for the bioactive principles of pine bark has yielded the trimeric PAC, ent-epicatechin-(4β →S)-epicatechin-(2β→0→7,4β→8)-catechin (3), representing the hitherto most potent single chemical entity capable of enhancing dentin stiffness. Building the case from two congeneric PAC dimers, a detailed structural analysis decoded the stereochemistry, spatial arrangement, and chemical properties of three dentin biomodifiers, Quantum-mechanics-driven ¹H iterative full spin analysis (QM-HiFSA) of NMR spectra distinguished previously unrecognized details such as higher order J coupling and provided valuable information about 3D structure. Detection and quantification of H/D-exchange effects by QM-HiFSA identified C-S and C-6 as (re) active sites, explain preferences in biosynthetic linkage, and suggest their involvement in dentin cross-linking activity. Mapping of these molecular properties underscored the significance of high 8 precision in both ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Occurring at low- to subppb levels, these newly characterized chemical shift differences in ppb are small but diagnostic measures of dynamic processes inherent to the OPAC pharmacophores and can help augment our understanding of nanometer-scale intermolecular interactions in biomodified dentin macromolecules.