정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

아세트酸-물 溶媒系에 의한 木材의 有機酸 蒸解效果

李宣鎬,趙炳默 江源大學校 林科大學 森林科學硏究所 1993 Journal of Forest Science Vol.9 No.-

무공해 대체 펄프화법 개발의 일환으로 비교적 최근에 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있는 아세트산-물 용매 중해법을 이용하여 현사시나무와 소나무를 펄프화 하였다. 펄프 특성의 변화에서 현사시나무는 거의 모든 아세트산 중해조건에서 우수한 펄프화 경향을 보였지만 소나무는 저온에서 중해가 거의 일어나지 않았다. 현사시나무의 최적 중해조건은 중해농도 95%, 중해온도 185℃, 중해시간 0.5hr이었다. 구성당 성분의 거동은 현사시나무와 소나무에서 glucose만이 소량 감소하는 반면 그외의 당성분들은 다량 용출되었다. 폐액중의 용출 아세트산 리그닌에 대한 기초적인 성질을 살펴본 결과 현사시나무의 아세트산 리그닌의 원소조성은 C가 63.88%, H가 5.45%, O가 30.67%이며 C의 formular는 였고 소나무의 아세트산 리그닌의 조성은 C가 61.85%, H가 6.14%, O가 32.01%이며 C의 formular는 이었으며 두 수종의 아세트산 리그닌 중합 평균분자량은 현사시나무가 731이며 소나무는 725였다. There are a lot of serious problums associated with conventional pulping processes, such as kraft and sulfite. In order to tackle these difficulties, organic acid pulping of Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee and Pinus densiflora S. et Z. have been investigated as on alternative method. The acetic acid cooking of Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee achieved good delignification with pulp yields of 55-65% under almost all cooking conditions. In the acetic acid cooking of Pinus densiflora S. et Z., it was not cooked at a low temperature. The strength properties of the acetic acid pulps from Pinus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee showed the optimum with 95% acetic acid concentration at 185℃ maximum cooking temperature for 0.5hr cooking time. The strength properties of the acetic acid pulps from Pinus densiflora S. et Z. displayed excellent tear strength in comparison with those of the other softwoods. In the process of acetic acid cooking, glucose has been removed a little, but other sugars have been eliminated. The elemental compositions and formulas of acetosolv lignins from Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee were 63.88% carbon, 5.45% hydrogen and 30.67% oxygen and . The elemental compositions and formulas of acetosolv lignins from Pinus densiflora S. et Z. were 61.85% carbon, 6.14% hydrogen and 32.01% oxygen and . The Wt.av.MWT's of the acetosolv lignins from Pinus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee and Pinus densiflora S. et Z. were 731 and 725.

대퇴간부 골절의 교합성 골수강내 고정술후 발생한 금속정의 슬부내 돌출

이상흥,표영배,이병호 조선의대 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.2

선천성 슬개골 탈구 및 치료 1례 보고

이호승,배병권,윤희석 충북대학교 의학연구소 2001 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.11 No.1

선천성 슬개골 탈구는 드문 질환으로 수술적 치료 없이는 정복이 불가능하며 다른 선천성 원인에 의한 재발성 슬개골 탈구와 구별되어야 한다. 본 증례는 생후 5개월 된 남아로 좌측 슬관절 신전 장애를 주소로 내원하였으며 이학적 검사상 좌측 슬부의 20도 굴곡구축, 좌측 경골의 외전 및 좌측 족부 모든 족지의 외측편위 등의 소견이 동반되어 있었다.단순 방사선 사진상 특이 소견은 보이지 않았으며 양측 슬부의 초음파검사에서 좌측 슬개골이 대퇴골 외과(lateral condyle)의 외측으로 탈구된 소견을 관찰할 수 있었다. 수술 소견상 슬개골은 슬부 외측으로 탈구되어 있었고 대퇴골 외과는 저형성되었으며 슬개골 외측 지대와 외측 광근의 심한 구축으로 인하여 도수정복이 불가능하였다. 저자들은 선천성 슬개골 탈구 1례에 관하여 슬부의 광범위 외측 유리(release), 대퇴 사두근 중 내측 광근의 전진, 슬개 건 종지부의 내측전이를 이용하여 좋은 수술적 치료 결과를 얻었기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Congenital dislocation of the patella is a rare condition that can not be reduced without operative treatment.It should be differentiated from recurrent or habitual patella dislocation. We experienced a case of congenital patella dislocation.Five months old male admitted for the extension lag of the knee.Physical examination revealed flexion contracture of the knee, external rotation of the tibia and lateral deviation of the all toes of the ipsilateral foot.Plain knee radiographs revealed no abnormal findings.An ultrasonographic image demonstrated that the patella was dislocated laterally to the lateral femoral condyle.On the operative field, the dislocated cartilaginous patella and lateral femoral condyle seemed to be hypoplastic, and the lateral retinaculum and the vastus lateralis were contracted.Because of tightness of the lateral retinaculum and the vastus lateralis, the dislocated patella failed to be reduced in any efforts of closed manipulation.After the extensive lateral release, the advancement of the vastus medialis and the medial transfer of entire patella tendon, the patella could be relocated within patella groove of the femur. We report a case of congenital patella dislocation that treated by the operative procedure with brief review of literatures

설치류 창자샘 세로토닌세포의 형태와 분포양상

이병승,이정은,차정호 대한해부학회 2003 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.36 No.6

7세기 동아시아 국제대전과 백제멸망관 재고찰

이병렬,조기호 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 人文學論叢 Vol.3 No.-

By the Great International War of East Asia in 7th century, the Pung government of Baekje-Korea oppose with the assistance of Oae-Japan the aggression of Tang-China and Silla-Korea. But the Baekje-Korea fall in Sep. 8. 663.

수종 이원중합 레진 씨멘트의 중합률 및 세포 독성에 관한 실험적 연구

이정석,노병덕,박성호 大韓齒科保存學會 1995 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.20 No.1

AbstractThe degree of conversion of composite resin was known to have influence on the mechani- cal properties of composite materials such as hardness, strength, wear resisitance, dimensio- nal and color stability. Also unreacted monomer was reported to be harmful to the pulp. So the degree of conversion was a very important factor in the success of composite resin restorations.In recent, the dual cure resin cement was developed with the advocations that it could increase the curing rates in the sites where the curing ligt could not reach. Moreover many manufactors added some adhesive components in the resin cement.This study was undertaken to observe the effects of curing depth and light curing times on the degree of conversion of dual cure resin cements. CR INLAY CEMENT, DUAL CEMENT and OPTEC BOND, by the Fourier transform Infrared analysis, changing the curing depth 1mm, 2mm and 3mm, and varying the light curing time 20 seconds, 40 seconds and 80 seconds at each depth. The cytotoxicity of dual cure resin cements was tested by the in vitro MTT method using L929 cell. The results was evaluated and compared statistically.The results were obtained as follows: 1. The dual cure resin cements reavealed various degree of conversion, CR INLAY CE- MENT and DUAL CEMENT had a tendency to be more reactive to the light cure and OPTEC BOND was a more chemical one. 2. CR INLAY CEMENT and DUAL CEMENT showed the lowest degree of conversion in 2 mm depth, and in 3mm depth the degree of conversion increased, which were due to the chemical cure of dual cures, but OPTEC BOND showed decreasing degree of conversion with increasing curing depth and all experimental groups showed lower degree of conversion than CHEMICAL group which cured in dark room with no light, so the weak light?uring of dual cure resin cement prevented the chemical cure. (P<0. 05) 3. CR INLAY CEMENT and DUAL CEMENT showed increasing degree of conversion in 1 mm and 3 mm, according to the increasing cure times, but in 2 mm depth the degree of conversion decreased with increasing light?uring times and OPTEC BOND showed contrary tendency, but there was no ststistical importance in the differences among the experimental group.(P>0.05) 4. The optical density by MTT assay of extractions of CR INLAY CEMENT, DUAL CE- MENT and OPTEC BOND revealed no statitically important differences comparing with optical density of negative control.(P>0.05) 5. CR INLAY CEMENT showed a tendency of increaing cytotoxicity with days and DUAL CEMENT and OPTEC BOND showed higher cytotoxicity in 2 days than in 4 days, but there was no statistical importance in the differences. (P>0.05)

자동차검사 서비스 품질 현황과 향상방안에 관한 연구 : 자동차 검사 이원화제도에 따른 서비스 품질을 중심으로 Focused on the Dual Automobile Inspection System

이병찬,김승호,김진홍 한국의사결정학회 2000 경영과학연구 Vol.9 No.-

This study analyzed the factors of service quality in the regular automobile inspection system by investigating systematically the condition of service quality in the regular automobile inspection system. Through such an analysis, this study examined the correlation between service quality factors and customers satisfaction. In addition, this study examined the difference of service quality factors and customers satisfaction between Korea Transportation Safety Authority direct control organization(KTSA) and Public Permission-Appointed Organization(PAO). The results were high correlations between service quality and customer satisfaction. The customer satisfaction has high correlations with human service quality. Especially, KTSA has high correlations with process service quality. PAO has high correlations with physical service quality. But human service is very important to both cases. There was a significant difference between KTSA and PAO in the service quality and customer satisfaction. The t-test results appeared to higher value KTSA to PAO. For a satisfaction of customers on service quality it is especially necessary to enhance human service factor through continuous employee education and training about etiquettes and kindness. Summing up the results of this study, service quality including physical service and process service appeared to be importantfactors for improving customer satisfaction of automobile inspection system.

함평만 갯벌 조간대의 식생분포 및 현존량

이승호,이점숙,김종욱,김하송,임병선 木浦大學校 沿岸環境硏究所 1998 沿岸環境硏究 Vol.15 No.1

함평만 조간대 염생식물조사를 위하여 염생식물군락이 형성된 6개지역을 선정하여 식생분포 및 현존량을 조사하였다. 우점군락은 퉁퉁마디군락(Salicoenia herbacea community), 칠면초군락(Suaeda japonic community), 나문재군락(Suaeda asparagoides community), 좀보리사초군락(Carex pumilalini community), 가는갯능쟁이군락(Atriplex gmelini community), 갯개미취군락(Aster tripolium community), 갯잔디군락(Zoysia sinica community), 해홍나물군락(Suaeda maritima community), 갯질경군락(Limonium tetragonun community), 갈대군락(Phragmites communis community), 실망초군락(Erigeron bonariensis community)으로 구분되었다. 염생식물 군락의 생산량은 1,680∼2,170 g.d.w./㎡으로 갈대군락이 가장 높았고, 갯잔디 군락이 310∼500 g.d.w./㎡으로 가장 낮았다. The coastal vegetation was classified by the Braun-Blanquet's method and the biomass was investigated at the wetland of Hampyung-Man. The vegetation of the study area was classified with 11 coastal communities as follows: Salicornia herbacea community, Suaeda japonica community, Suaeda asparagoides community, Carex pumilalini community, Atriplex gmelini community, Aster tripolium community, Zoysia sinica community, Suaeda maritima community, Limonium tetragonun community, Phragmites communis community, Erigeron bonariensis community, Biomass was highest in Phragmites communis community (1,680∼2,170 g.d.w./㎡) and lowest in Zoysia sinica community (310∼500 g.d.w./㎡).

학습용 입출력 쌍들의 사전 정리를 통한 다층신경망의 효율적 학습

이지홍,김병호 金烏工科大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

A multi-layer neural network whose initial parameters are determined according to the distribution of given training patterns is proposed. The role of each layer in the network is specialized by analyzing the internal information processing of the network. The size of the network, initial values of weights, and parameters defining the characteristics of the nonlinearities of processing units in hidden layer are determined from a selected part of the given training patterns. With these initial conditions, the performance of the network is further improved by the general error backpropagation learning process. The proposed model and method give any desired performance of mapping with smaller size of network and fast learning speed compared to conventional multi-layer neural networks with random initialization techniques. To show the usefulness of the proposed network, a set of illustrative mapping of R¹→R¹will be given.