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임병도(Byeong Do Lim),이혁우(Hyuk Woo Lee),주성홍(Sung Hong Joo),정의식(Eui Sik Jung),박창서(Chang Seo Park),조성진(Sung Jin Cho) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.2
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a relatively uncommon hematological disorder, charactedzed by cytopenia in the peripheral blood and normo-or hypercellularity in the bone marrow with morphological dysplastic change. Ineffective hematopoiesis leads to hematological failures in this syndrome. MDS is largeIy affected in older individuaIs with a median age of 60-75. It's association with pregnancy is even rarer. Although the exact incidence of MDS in pregancy is unknown, it is likely to be less than 1 per 100,000 pregnancies annually. Recently, we experienced a case of MDS presented initially during pregnancy in a 34-year-old primipara and managed with intensive hematologic support. Uerine rupture occurred in pregnancy complicated with MDS at 34 gestation weeks and a healthy infant was successfully delivered by Cesarean section. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.
Nelder-Mead 심플렉스 알고리듬의 수렴에 관한 수치실험
현창헌,이병기 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2002 産業技術硏究 Vol.22 No.B
To find the optimal solution as rapidly and exactly as possible with Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm, the present values of the reflection, expansion, contraction and/or shrink parameters of this algorithm are needed to be changed at appropriate time during the search process. The reflection parameter is selected in this study in order to be changed because reflection, expansion and contraction process can be simultaneously effected by only this parameter. Two independent indices for determining whether the present value of the reflection parameter of this algorithm should be changed or not during the search process are suggested in this study. Those indices were made of the equations of Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm's convergence criterion and Dennis-Wood's convergence criterion, repectively. It is appeared that the optimal solution can be find with smaller numbers of objective function evaluation than the original Nelder-Mead's one with fixed parameter when the those indices are used during the search process and the more remarkable reduction effect of the number of an objective function evaluation can be obtained when the latter index is used.
연구논문 : HEC-RAS 모델을 이용한 신천 시험유역의 하도 특성연구
박병기 ( Byeong Ky Park ),이명구 ( Myung Gu Lee ),홍창수 ( Chang Su Hong ),이재관 ( Jae Kwan Lee ),이영준 ( Young Joon Lee ),최중대 ( Joong Dae Choi ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.1
In recent localized heavy rainfalls have been arising from abnormal climate change. People are concerning about damages with increasing the frequency of flooding. Therefore, we need to understand river hydraulic characteristics and management to reduce damage from flooding. To study hydraulic characterization of Sincheon experimental catchment HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System) model which provided by U.S Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) was applied. This study analyzed and compared water level the frequency flood for 100 years and 200 years by clark unit Hydrography. The change of the water level of Daejeon bridge, Sincheon bridge and Singi bridge showed increased for all conditions. The flow rate for the Daejeon bridge and the Sincheon bridge showed an increase, but the Sinki bridge showed a decreasing flow rate overally, except for 1hour-100 years. The verification result showed that the model was able to simulate the water level with 0.4709 coefficient of determination and error ration ranging from 1 to 3%.
김창효,崔炳文,金康一 慶尙大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.28 No.2
慶尙南道 南海岸地域의 島嶼 외 海水浴場 周邊등에 棲息하는 개미의 分布相을 調査하는 同時에 南海道의 錦山과 尙州海水浴場 周邊에 分布하는 개미의 高度別 및 季節的 變動을 調査한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 慶尙南道 南海岸地域의 南海島를 비롯한 15個 地域에 分布하는 개미의 總 種構成은 4亞科 25續 48種이였다. 그리고 優勢種은 왕침개미(Brachyponera chinensis),주름개미(Tetramorium caespitum), 곰개미(Formica japonica), 일본왕개비(Camponotus japonicus)및 스미드개미(Paratrechina flavipes) 등 7種이였고 稀少種은 배굽은침개미(Proceratium itoi),밑드리개미(Crematogaster sordidula),이빨개미(Strongylognathus koreanus), 이도왕개미(Camponotus itoi). 갈색발왕개미(Camponotus kiusiuensis), 황개미(Lasius flavus) 및 두더쥐털개미(Lasius talpa)등 11尊이었다. 2. 南海道의 尙州海水浴場 周邊의 山地와 錦山의 頂上(666m)에서 採集된 남해호리가슴개미(Leptothorax sp.)는 韓國未記錄種으로 確認되었다. 3. 蛇梁島의 琴坪里에서 採集된 이빨개미(Strongylognathus koreanus PISARSKI,1966)가 南漢에서는 最初로 採集되었다. 4. 南海岸地域에 分布하는 개미는 두마디개미亞科(Myrmcinae)에 屬하는 種이 12屬으로 22種으로서 그 種構成이 가장 多樣하였다. 5. 地域別 개미群集의 種構成을 比較해보면 南海道에서 4亞科 23屬 42種으로서 가장 多樣하였다. 6. 南海島의 尙州海水浴場 周邊과 金山에 分布하는 개미의 總 種構成은 4亞科과 232屬 39種이였고, 개미의 高度別 種構成은 尙州海水浴場 周邊에 比하여 金山(660m)에서 약간 多樣한 것 같았다. 그리고 개미의 種構成은 季節的으로 變動하는데 특히 季節에는 海邊에 比하여 山地(金山)에서 그 變動이 심한 것 같았다. 7. 巨濟島에 分布하는 개미의 總 種構成은 4亞科 21屬 29種이였고, 優勢種은 검종꼬마개미(Monomorium minutum), 주름개미(Tetramorium caespitum), 곰개미 (Formica japonica), 일본왕개미(Camponotus japonicus), 고동털개미(Lasius niger)및 스미드개미(Paratrechina flavipes)등 6種이였다. 그리고 巨濟島에서도 南海島에서와 같이 개미의 種構成은 海岸地에 比하여 山地에서 多樣한 것 같았다. The following report is to summarize the results of investigating the height-fluctuation and the season-fluctuation of the ant fauna that lives around Gumsam and the Sangju swimming beach in Namheado(an island on the southern sea in Korea), and of investigation the ant fauna that lives around the swimming beaches, in islands and on the southern shore in Gyeongsangnamdo. 1. The total species structure of the ants which distributes in 15 areas as well as in Namhaedo on the southern sea in Gyeongsangnamdo was 4 sub-families, 25 genera, and 48 species. And the dominants of them were 7 species : Brachyponera chinensis, Monomorium minutum, Pristomyrmex pungens, Tetramorium caespitum, Formica japonica, Camponotus japonicus and Paratrechina flavipes. And the rare species were also 11 : Proceratium itoi, Crematogaster sordidula, Strongylognathus koreanus, Camponotus itoi, Camponotus kiusiuensis, Lasius flavus and Lasius talpa. Ⅱ. The Leptothorax sp. collected at the hilly areas around the Sangju swimming beach and at the top of Gum-san(660m) was confirmed as unrecorded species in Korea. Ⅲ. The Strongylognathus koreanus(PISARSKI,1966) collected at Gumpongli-Saryangdo(an island on the southern sea in Korea) was first in South Korea. Ⅳ. The species structure of the ants belonging to Myrmicinae was 12 genera and 22 species, which was the most diverse of the ants distributing on the southern shore. Ⅴ. Compared whith the species structure of the ants, Namhaedo was more diverse than any other area on the southern shore, which had 4 sub-families, 23 genera and 42 species. Ⅵ. The total species structure of the ants distributing around the Sangju swimming beach and at Gumsan was 4 sub-families, 23 genera and 39 species. The species structure of the height was likely to be a little more diverse at Gum-san than around the Sangju swimming beach. And the species structure of the ants changes according to season, especially in summer, the hilly area(Gumsan) was likely to be more changeful than the seashore. Ⅶ. The total species structure of the ants distributing in Gojedo(an island on the southern sea in Korea) was 4 sub-families, 21 genera and 29 species. And the dominants of them were six species : Monomorium minutum, Tetramorium caespitum, Formica japonica, Camponotus japonicus, Lasius niger and Paratrechina flavipes. In Gojeo as well as in Namhaedo, the species structure of the ants was likely to be more diverse at the hilly area than on the seashore.
이창무,김병욱,이현 한국부동산분석학회 2002 不動産學硏究 Vol.8 No.2
Stock price index type of housing price indices were commonly used in Korea. However, this type of indices are not suitable for Korean housing market experiencing rapid changes in stock including both new constructions and demolitions. Especially, the recent Korean housing market has experienced substantial changes in housing characteristics. Basically, the stock price index type of housing price index requires a constant survey stock over time in order to maintain the comparability in total housing values. However, the constant stock concept is hard to accept in the Korean housing market accompanying with rapid increase and qualitative changes in housing stock. An alternative is a hedonic price index. However, the basic data requirements for the application of the hedonic model cannot be fulfilled in the Korean housing market where actual sale information is mostly unknown. In order to overcome this structural deficiency, the price indices in Korea are based o periodical price survey with the help of real estate brokers. If we accept the assumption that the whole condominium units belonging to a basic survey unit (an area type in an condominium complex) share the same housing characteristics and the surveyed price, we can use the repeat sale index concept with some modifications. The persistent price survey generates a perfect form of repeat sales data. This paper proposes a practical method for the application of repeat sale index to condominium sales price indexing.
이수현,창병모 國立 昌原大學校 精報通信硏究所 1998 精報通信論文集 Vol.2 No.-
The current issues in the execution of Prolog programs are focused on WAM. Since intelligent backtracking which reduce nonfruitful or unnecessary work speeds up execution of Prolog, it should be incorporated intelligent backtracking in WAM. Intelligent backtracking, however, suffers from overhead to maintain a lot of information. The semi-intelligent method proposed by Chang and Despain has advantage of low overhead. We implement semi-intelligent backtracking on WAM. We extend machine architecture and change some instructions.
세율변화를 통한 조세정책의 개선방안에 관한 연구: 납세자, 세무공무원 및 세무대리인의 인식을 중심으로
유병관(Yu, Byeong-Kwan),이창수(Lee, Chang-Soo) 글로벌경영학회 2015 글로벌경영학회지 Vol.12 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 응답자 유형(납세자, 세무공무원, 세무대리인)에 따른 조세정책의 개선방안에 대한 인식차이를 분석하여 조세정책의 수립에 활용할 수 있는 기초정보를 제공하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 수도권 소재(근무) 법인사업자, 개인사업자, 세무대리인, 세무공무원등 4집단을 대상으로 설문지를 배부하고 418부를 회수하여, 세율변화에 따른 조세정책의 개선방 안에 대한 응답자 인식차이를 실증하였다. 조세정책의 개선방안으로 소득세율과 법인세율의 인상방안, 소득세율과 법인세율의 인하방안, 납세의식을 높이기 위한 조세관련 교육의 역할에 대해 이해관계자집단별 인식차이를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이해관계자집단별로 보면 납세자(개인사업자, 법인사업자), 세무대리인 순으로 높아 세무공무원을 제외한 응답자들은 세율인상에 부정적인 반면, 세무공무원은 2~4% 또는 1~2%의 인상에 긍정적인 것으로 나타나 세율 인상안에 대해 응답자별 서로 다른 인식을 나타났다. 둘째, 세율의 인하안에 대한 이해관계자집단별 인식차이는 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 세부 인식차이를 보면 과세표준 구간조정에 대해 세무대리인, 세무공무원, 납세자(개인사업자, 법인사업자) 순으로 나타났다. 이어서 1~2% 인하안은 세무공무원, 세무대리인 순이었고, 2~4% 인하안은 납세자 중 법인사업자, 개인사업자 순이었다. 셋째, 현재의 세율을 점차 인하하는 조세정책을 시행한다면 탈세가 축소될 것인가에 대한 인식 차이를 검증한 결과, 이해관계자집단별 인식차 이를 보이고 있다. 즉, 탈세가 축소되지 않을 것이라는 부정적 의견이 세무공무원, 납세자(법인사 업자, 개인사업자), 세무대리인 순이며 그 순위 중 세무공무원이 월등히 높았다. 그 이유로는 120 명이 세금계산서 등 세무노출을 꺼리는 사업자 등이 많기 때문이라고 응답을 하였고, 73명은 사업상 장부에 기표할 수 없는 필연적인 비용이 발생하기 때문이라고 답하여, 아직도 양성화되지 않은 소득이 상당히 존재하고 있음을 추측할 수 있다. 결국 납세순응도를 높이는 것은 세율만 인하한다고 되는 것이 아니며, 또한 과세당국은 숨은 세원발굴을 위한 지하경제 양성화 등 적극적인 조세 정책을 펴야 할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the awareness about tax policies improvement plan based on occupational cluster and gender establishing tax policies, to provide basic information applicable to policy improvement enhancing the level of tax compliance to contribute to expand of national public revenue by inducing a higher and more diligent payment. To test the research questions of this paper, an empirical research was conducted on 418 responses. On the basis of the results in this research, the findings of this paper and practical suggestions can be summarized as follows. First, as for the occupational clusters, all the individual business and corporate income taxpayers, tax agent except revenue officer respectively showed the most aggressive attitudes towards increasing income tax rate. On the other hand, the revenue officer displayed positive attitudes towards increasing either 2~4% or 1~2% of income tax rate showing that different occupational clusters have different opinions on the issue of increasing income tax rate. Second, it was clarified that the opinions on decreasing income tax rate showed no difference among different occupational clusters. To point out the details, the tax agent and revenue officer, the individual business and corporate income taxpayers scored respectively in an interval adjusted tax base. Furthermore revenue officer and tax agent respectively supported decreasing 1~2% of income tax and the individual business and corporate income taxpayers respectively supported the 2~4% one. Third, as already having verified the difference views on what will happen if a tax policy to decrease tax rate is put into practice, revenue officer, individual business and corporate income taxpayers, tax agent respectively were the most negative that tax evasion will not reduce and the percentage of revenue officer was notably higher than the others. 120 responded “Because many businessmen are reluctant towards tax invoice including tax exposure”, 73 responded “Because there always are necessary payments that cannot be recorded.” allowing us to speculate that there are a lot of legalized revenues. Thus simply decreasing tax rate cannot increase the level of tax compliance and taxation authorities should actively carry out tax policies to discover the hidden tax revenues.
8주간의 걷기운동과 맨발걷기가 중년여성의 혈중 세로토닌, 코티졸, 에피네프린 그리고 노르에피네프린에 미치는 영향
정진숙,김병완,김창환 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 2019 自然科學 Vol.30 No.-
The purpose of this study is to inspect effects of regular walking and barefoot walking, which is the easiest way for middle-aged women to exercise in daily life, on serotonin, cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine in blood and probe the differences of hormonal changes between two groups. Both of two programs were performed three times a week and each program lasted for more than 30 minutes. The group of regular walking was set at 40-60%(HRmax) and the group of walking barefoot was set at level 10-12(RPE). This research is for reducing middle-aged women's stress and helping to promote their health. All the data is processed by using the arithmetical mean and standard deviation and two-way ANOVA is used to verify differences between groups and durations. In case that there is interaction, independent t-test is used for group comparison and dependent t-test is used for duration comparison to inspect details. Degree of hypothesis acceptance is set at p<.05, p<.01, p<.00l. Firstly, the serotonin rate is reduced in both groups after conducting the programs. Significant main effect of serotonin has differences related to durations at F(1.18)=8.281, p=.01 but there's no differences between groups at F(1.18)=.289, p=.597. There is no differences in interaction as well at F(1.18)=.432, p=.520. Secondly, significant main effect of the cortisol rate in both groups after conducting the programs has no differences related to durations at F(1,18)=.292, p=.595 and there's no differences between groups at F(1.18)=.121, p=.732. There is no differences in interaction as well at F(1.18)=.899, p=.356. Thirdly, the result of paired t-test shows that epinephrine rate of the group performing regular walking is reduced more than one of those who walk barefoot at t=2.326, df=9, p=.045 and there is a difference in interaction at F(1.18)=5.815, p=.027. Lastly, the norepinephrine rate of those who take usual walks shows a meaningful difference related to durations at F(1.18)=24.505, p=.00l which is more noticeable than one of the other. However, there is no difference between groups at F(1.18)=.175, p=.680 and there is also no difference in interaction at F(1.18)=.902, p=.355. The result says that both of the programs, regular walking and walking barefoot, don't influence the amount of middle-aged women's stress positively, which is against the previous studies. It is because this research exclude other factors which can influence hormone secretion of middle-aged women such as weather, time, diet and mental state in middle age. It can be deduced that future researches to promote middle-aged women's health and decrease the symptoms of depression should include changes caused by temperature, time to exercise, exercise intensity and subject's psychological state in middle age.
김정현,김창환,김병완 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4
This study aims to investigate what types of injury frequently occur when wrestlers perform their exercise and what cause their injury and propose an efficient scheme to prevent injury. The subjects consist of 59 Greco-Roman and 53 Free-style wrestlers. The results are as follows: (1) Locations of Sports Injury In the case of Greco-Roman wrestlers, the most frequent locations of injury were in the following order: the knee joints, the wrist joints, followed by the neck, the ankle joints, the hands, the shoulder, the head, the elbow joints, the face, the breastbone, ribs, the waist, hip joints, the upper arms, the abdomen, the head, the hip, the forearms, the femoral region and trunk. In the case of Free-style wrestlers, they were in the following order: the head, the wrist joints, the face, the knee joints, the neck, the waist, the elbow joints, the ankle joints, the breastbone, ribs, the hands, hip joints, the forearms, the shoulder, the abdomen, the upper arms and trunk. (2) Types of Sports Injury In the case of Greco-Roman wrestlers, the most frequent injury types were in the following order: scratch, muscle contusion(96.6%), muscle stiffness(94.9%), muscle sprain(93.2%), sprain(91.5%), fracture(88.1%), aural hematoma(86.4%), fissure(84.7%), bone contusion(83%), incised wound or cut, collateral ligament tension and fracture(79.6%), joint sprain(76.2%), tendon fracture(64.4%), dislocation(59.3%), arthritis, disc(57.6%), cerebral concussion(50.8%), proliferous bone change(49.1%), chronic joint change(45.7%), periostitis(38.9%), nerve contusion(37.2%) and cerebral contusion(27.1%). In the case of Free-style wrestlers, they were in the following order: scratch(98.1%), muscle contusion(96.6%), muscle sprain(92.4%), sprain(91.5%), collateral ligament tension and fracture(88.6%), muscle stiffness(86.7%), joint sprain(84.9%), fissure(81.1%), fracture(79.2%), incised wound or cut, aural hematoma(71.6%), disc(69.8%), tendon fracture(56.6%), chronic joint change(49%), arthritis(47.1%), dislocation, proliferous bone change(45.2%), periostitis(41.5%), nerve contusion(37.7%), cerebral concussion(33.9%) and cerebral contusion(30.1%). (3) Times of Sports Injury According to 96.6% of Greco-Roman wrestlers and 98.1% of Free-style wrestlers, the most frequent time of injury occurrence was exercise time. While 38.9% of Greco-Roman wrestlers reported the experience of an injury on defense, 37.7% of Free-style wrestlers reported the experience of an injury both on offense and defense. While 100% of Greco-Roman wrestlers reported the experience of an injury on a cloudy day, 94.3% of Free-style wrestlers reported the experience of an injury on cloudy or raining days. The experience of an injury in the winter season was reported by 54.2% and 39.6% of Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers, respectively. The experience of an injury during afternoon exercise time was reported by 71.1% and 81.1% of Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers, respectively. (4) Causes of Sports Injury 'carelessness', 'an excessive desire to win' and 'the inability of coaches' were cited as the major causes of sports injury by 67.9%, 33.8% and 25.4 % of Greco-Roman wrestlers, respectively. Meanwhile, 'an excessive desire to win', 'lack of warm-up' and 'the inability of coaches' were cited as the major causes of sports injury by 64.1%, 37.7% and 30.1% of Free-style wrestlers, respectively. (5) Treatment of Sports Injury Both Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers reported that, when they had an injury, the emergency treatment was given by coaches and subsequent treatments were administered in hospital and that hot fomentation was applied as an emergency treatment. (6) Psychological state at time of sports injury Both Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers reported that, in case of an injury, they were thinking "I'm going to get better soon." Greco-Roman wrestlers' psychological reaction to injury was "What if I can't do as well as before? while that of Free-style wresters was "I'm afraid I will get hurt again." The most frequently recommended by both Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers as a solution to reduce injury was 'enough warm-up and finishing'. (7) To the question how many times they had an injury on the same location after treatment, 55.9% of Greco-Roman wrestlers and 47.1% of Free-style wrestlers answered "two to five times". Most of them reported they had experienced an injury in the same location after treatment. (8) Greco-Roman and Free-style wrestlers reported they participated in national tournaments 67 and 70 times respectively and they have ever given up an important match at least once due to injury.
( Jae Hong Oh ),( Byeong Chang Ko ),( Hee Jae Park ),( Seung Pil Ham ),( Mira Choi ),( Sik Haw ),( Hai-jin Park ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.1
Hidrocanthoma simplex(HAS) is a rare benign intraepidermal neoplasm arising from eccrine duct. Clinically, it appears as brownish or verrucous plaque on the lower extremities. Histologically, HAS can exhibit intraepidermal cell nests which are called “Borst-Jadassohn phenomenon”. It could be observed in the HAS, clonal seborrheic keratosis (SK), Bowen’s disease and actinic keratosis. An 86-year-old female presented with several decades history of huge brown, verrucous plaque on the right buttock. At initial biopsy, intraepidermal clonal expansion of polygonal basaloid cells were observed within acanthotic epidermis. She was diagnosed as clonal SK, and was removed by CO2 laser ablation. After 3 months, she returned with polypoid grouped papules on the previously treated area. Histologic examination showed intraepidermal proliferation of small to medium-sized polygonal basaloid cells as well as large cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. Atypical cells with large, hyperchromatic nuclei were observed. There was a component of eccrine syringofibroadenoma which is characterized by thin, anastomosing cords of epithelial networks with duct formation extending from the base of the tumor. Tumor cells were stained with EMA and PAS. Final diagnosis was HAS combined with eccrine poroma, eccrine syringofibroadenoma and focal malignant changes. Herein we report a case showing natural history of eccrine tumor from HAS to malignant changes over time.