이주아동의 교육받을 권리 보장을 위한 연구

이보연 ( Lee¸ Bo-yeon ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2021 法學硏究 Vol.29 No.3

이주아동, 특히 대한민국 국적을 취득하지 못한 이주아동은 교육받을 권리와 건강권 등 인격 발현과 생존에 필수적인 권리마저 보장받지 못하는 현실에 처해 있다. 교육은 아동의 미래를 결정하는 중요한 요인이기에 모든 아동에게 동등한 교육기회가 보장되어야 한다. 이 글은 이주아동의 교육받을 권리에 관한 법제와 사례를 살펴보고, 독일의 경우를 비교법적으로 검토한다. 헌법 제10조, 제11조, 제31조를 종합적으로 고려할 때 교육을 받을 권리는 인간의 존엄과 가치 보장, 인격의 자유로운 발현과 성장을 위해 필수적인 전제가 되는 권리로서, 이주 아동에게도 보장되어야 하는 기본권이다. 그런데 교육기본법과 초·중등교육법은 ‘모든 국민’을 그 대상으로 하고 있고, 외국인 학생에 관한 규정은 미비하다. 초·중등교육법 시행령을 통해 이주아동도 학교에 입학할 수 있도록 하고 있으나, 학교장의 재량에 따라 입학이 거부되어도 대처할 방법이 없다. 또한, 이주아동의 학교적응 및 사회통합을 위한 제도적 고려가 부족하다. 이주아동의 교육받을 권리 보장을 위해 제기된 소송 사례는 드물지만, 체류자격과 관련한 사례는 드물지 않다. 법원은 이주아동의 체류자격 보장이 곧 교육권 보장과 연결된다는 사실에 대한 고려 없이 출입국관리 행정에 치우쳐 판결하는 경향을 보인다. 아동 최선의 이익 원칙을 고려한 판결은 드물게 찾아볼 수 있을 뿐이다. 독일의 각 주정부는 이주아동이 체류자격과 상관없이 교육을 받을 수 있도록 법적·제도적 장치를 마련하고 있다. 연방정부는 망명신청이 기각되거나 체류허가를 받지 못한 외국인 청소년이 직업훈련을 이수할 경우 강제송환을 유예하고 있다. 강제송환이 유예된 청소년이 사회에 잘 통합되었다면 체류허가를 발급하고, 그 부모에게도 체류허가를 부여하는 등 이들이 독일 사회에 편입될 수 있는 길을 열어두고 있다. 한국은 유엔 아동권리협약의 당사국으로서 아동의 교육에 대한 권리를 인정하고 그 권리를 달성하기 위한 조치의무를 진다. 그러나 이주아동의 교육받을 권리를 보장하기 위해 충분한 조치를 마련하고 있는지는 의문이다. ‘다문화 자녀’에 집중된 정책의 범위를 넓혀 모든 이주아동이 보다 더 나은 상황에서 성장하고 발전할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 교육기본법이나 초·중등교육법의 개정을 통해 그 대상을 ‘모든 사람’으로 바꾸는 등 법적 개선이 필요하다. The migrant children, especially who are non-Korean nationals, are placed in the situation which they can not fully enjoy the right to education and health-care, etc. Since the right to education is the essential element deciding the future of children, the equal right to education must be guaranteed for all children. This paper examines the Korean legal framework and cases regarding the right to education for migrant children and compares with the German one. Given the article 10, 11, 31 of the Korean Constitution, the right to education, as the essential precondition for human dignity and the development of personality, must be fully guaranteed for the migrant children. The Framework Act on Education and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act apply to Korean citizens and do not have sufficient regulations concerning foreigners. Although the Enforcement Decree of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act allows the migrant children access to school, they have no way to cope with the principal’s entrance refusal. Further, the Korean education system lacks measures to help migrant children to adjust to schools and society. It is hard to find the legal cases that the migrant children insisted the right to education in Korea, but the cases concerning a residence permit are not uncommon. The court usually ignores the close connection between the residence permit and the right to education of the migrant children. The ruling which considers the best interest of the child is unusual in Korea. The German state governments provide legal and political measures which help the migrant children can be educated regardless of residence permits. The German federal government suspends the deportation, if the foreign students who failed to acquire the international and national protection are taking vocational training. If the student with suspended deportation is well integrated into society, he/she can acquire a residence permit and his/her parents can also acquire a residence permit. Korea, as the State Party of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, has the responsibility to take appropriate measures to ensure the right to education of the migrant children. However, it is doubtful whether Korea has prepared sufficient measures. It is necessary to widen the scope of the policies which is currently focused on the ‘multicultural family’ and their children. Legal improvement is necessary, e.g. revision of the acts on education to be applied to ‘all people’.

Oxidative extractive desulfurization of fuel based on acidic deep eutectic solvent

Boyeon Bae,Seulgi Kang,Ke Li,Yua Kang,Danbi Won,Inseon Hwang,Jeongmi Lee 한국분석과학회 2022 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

Differential Expression of Hox Genes during Murine Liver Regeneration

Boyeon Youn,Hyoung Woo Park,Sung Goo Park,Myoung Hee Kim 한국유전학회 2007 Genes & Genomics Vol.29 No.4

In order to infer the Hox code during liver regeneration, Hox gene expression pattern was analyzed during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Total RNAs and proteins have been prepared from the liver tissues at various times after regeneration (0 h, 4 h, and 3 d) following partial hepatectomy. Using degenerate RT-PCR, cloning, and sequencing technique, expressed Hox genes were analyzed. The Hox genes belonging to the paralogous groups VIII, IX and X manifested themselves in a peculiar way during regeneration process with stage specific characteristics: Hox genes belonging to the paralogous groups IX and X were almost exclusively expressed during regeneration whereas the paralogous group VIII, especially Hoxb8 and -c8 were strongly expressed in normal liver. The proteom analysis revealed that almost 21% of the differentially expressed proteins (6 out of 29 differentially expressed protein spots) during liver regeneration turned out to be Hox genes. Furthermore, Hoxa10 and- d10 belonging to the AbdB type paralogous group X were upregulated during regeneration. These results altogether indicate that Hox genes seemed to be differentially expressed during murine liver regeneration at the transcriptional as well as translational level. Especially the Hox genes belonging to the paralogous group X such as Hoxa10 and Hoxd10 seemed to be a part of Hox code for the murine liver regeneration.

Optimal pH Condition of Protein Extraction of Defatted Rice Bran According to Supercritical Fluid Extraction Condition by Alkaline Method

Boyeon Shin,Jungeun Kim,Sukjung Kim,Jonggi Jung,Boram Jung,Miae Bang 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2018 No.10

Physical Properties of enzyme hydrolysates from seasame seed meal

Boyeon Park,Sejin Kim,Jaehyun Ahn,Jaemin Seo 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2022 No.10

Evaluation of ginsenoside bioconversion of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi

Boyeon Park,Hyelyeon Hwang,Jina Lee,Sung-Oh Sohn,Se Hee Lee,Min Young Jung,Hyeong In Lim,Hae Woong Park,Jong-Hee Lee 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.4

Background: Panax ginseng is a physiologically active plant widely used in traditional medicine that is characterized by the presence of ginsenosides. Rb1, a major ginsenoside, is used as the starting material for producing ginsenoside derivatives with enhanced pharmaceutical potentials through chemical, enzymatic, or microbial transformation. Methods: To investigate the bioconversion of ginsenoside Rb1, we prepared kimchi originated bacterial strains Leuconostoc mensenteroides WiKim19, Pediococcus pentosaceus WiKim20, Lactobacillus brevis WiKim47, Leuconostoc lactis WiKim48, and Lactobacillus sakei WiKim49 and analyzed bioconversion products using LC-MS/MS mass spectrometer. Results: L. mesenteroides WiKim19 and Pediococcus pentosaceus WiKim20 converted ginsenoside Rb1 into the ginsenoside Rg3 approximately five times more than Lactobacillus brevis WiKim47, Leuconostoc lactis WiKim48, and Lactobacillus sakei WiKim49. L mesenteroides WIKim19 showed positive correlation with b-glucosidase activity and higher transformation ability of ginsenoside Rb1 into Rg3 than the other strains whereas, P. pentosaceus WiKim20 showed an elevated production of Rb3 even with lack of b-glucosidase activity but have the highest acidity among the five lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg5 concentration of five LABs have ranged from w2.6 mg/mL to 6.5 mg/mL and increased in accordance with the incubation periods. Our results indicate that the enzymatic activity along with acidic condition contribute to the production of minor ginsenoside from lactic acid bacteria.

Physical Properties of Soybean meal fermented extracts

Boyeon Park,Sejin Kim,Jaehyun Ahn 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2022 No.10

A SAR Autofocus Technique With MUSIC and Golden Section Search for Range Bins With Multiple Point Scatterers

Boyeon Koh,Sanghyouk Choi,Joohwan Chun IEEE 2015 IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters Vol.12 No.8

<P>Many synthetic aperture radar (SAR) autofocus techniques use range bins containing a single dominant point scatterer to estimate the phase error by maximizing or minimizing an objective function. We analytically show that some widely used objective functions do not give accurate phase error estimates if the objective function is constructed using a range bin containing multiple strong point scatterers (SPSs). Multiple SPSs are often observed in the range bins extracted from SAR images of urban areas containing many bright man-made objects. Such multiple SPSs do not allow us to obtain accurate estimates due to the interference between SPSs. To overcome this multiple scatterer problem, we propose the use of a combined entropy objective function with the local magnitudes of SPSs, along with the multiple-signal classification algorithm. Our experiment with actual SAR data confirms the superiority of the proposed approach.</P>

Nutritional evaluation of new alternative types of dog foods including raw and cooked homemade-style diets

Boyeon Choi,San Kim,Goo Jang 대한수의학회 2023 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.24 No.5

Background: New alternative types of pet foods such as raw and cooked homemade-style diets containing human food ingredients have been introduced due to a trend of pet humanization and diversification of consumer needs. Objectives: To evaluate nutritional adequacy of new alternative types of dog foods containing human food ingredients as maintenance diets for dogs. Methods: Eleven homemade-style foods for adult dogs were purchased from online channel in Korea and analyzed to evaluate nutritional adequacy for adult dogs. Nutrients analyzed included crude protein, amino acids, crude fat, fatty acids, and minerals. Results: Crude protein and amino acids in all products satisfied Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) requirements. Crude fat in one of 11 products did not meet AAFCO requirements. The most deficient minerals were selenium (10 of 11, 90.9%), copper (five of 11, 45.5%), zinc (five of 11, 45.5%), potassium (three of 11, 27.3%), calcium (three of 11, 27.3%), iron (two of 11, 18.2%), and magnesium (one of 11, 9.1%). Six products were not in the range of the recommended Ca:P ratio in AAFCO dog food maintenance nutrient profiles. Conclusions: This study performed nutritional evaluation of raw and cooked homemade-style foods as maintenance diets for adult dogs. Some nutritional inadequacies were observed including some minerals, Ca:P ratio, and omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio, although three products (26.2%) satisfied the AAFCO standard except selenium. Overall, the data suggest a need for accurate nutritional adequacy statement for consumers based on proper methods to validate the formula.

Comparative analysis of urinary metabolites in methamphetamine self-administrated rats

Boyeon Choi,Soo Phil Kim,Choon-Gon Jang,Chae Ha Yang,Sooyeun Lee 한국분석과학회 2017 분석과학 Vol.30 No.3