Variation in Salt Tolerance within a Batch of Acacia salicina Seeds

Shafiq Rehman,A-H. Deghayes,W. F. Bourne,P. J. C. Harris,Eui Shik Rha 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

Desired Textures of Food Analogs and Methods of Measuring Their Textural Properties

말콤C.부르네,Bourne, Malcolm C. Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 1975 한국식품과학회지 Vol.7 No.3

Analogs and extenders should have mouthfeel and chewing characteristics that are similar to the food they are replacing or extending. Instrumental methods can measure some of the physical properties that constitute 'texture' but only sensory methods can provide a complete description and quantification of the textural properties of a food. Instrumental methods and sensory methods for measuring texture are reviewed.

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Model of Ceftriaxone Disposition in the Rat and the Effect of Caffeine on the Model

Kwon, Kwang-Il,Bourne, David-W.A. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1990 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.13 No.3

A Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the distribition and elimination of cefriazone in the rat. To validate the practical application of the model, the effect of cffeine on the model was also examined. The model consisted of eleven compartments representing the major sites for ceftriaxone distribution including carcass which served as a residual compartment. Elimination was represented by renal and hepatic (metabolic biliary )excretion with GI secretion and re-absorption. The drug concentrations in most of the tissues were simulated using flow limited equations while brain levels were simulated using membrane limited passive diffusion distribution. The experimental data were obtained by averaging the concentration of drug in the plasma and tissues of five rats after i. v. injection of cefriazone 100 mg/kg without and with caffeine 20 mg/kg. The data for the amount of ceftriazone excreted in urine and gut contents were used to apportion total body clearance. HPLC with UV detection was used for the assay with 0.1-0.2 $\mu$g/ml sensitivity. The great majority of drug concentrations with and without caffeine show reasonably good agreements to the simulation results within 20%. The effect of caffeine on renal and hepatic clearances was apparent with 18.8% and 18.6% increase in the model values, respectively.

Gastrointestinal Absorption of Phenytoin from on Oil-in-water Microemulsion

Kwon, Kwang-Il,Bourne, David-W.A. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1997 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.20 No.5

The absorption profile of phenytoin Na emulsion were examined compared to that of phenytoin suspension after oral administration in the rat. The corn oil-in-water emulsion, particle size of $184{\pm}$57.8 nm, was prepared using a microfludizer, and phenytoin Na added by shaft homogenizer. The phenytoin emulsion or suspension, 100 mg/kg, were intubated intragastrically using oral dosing needle and blood samples were withdrawn via an indwelling cannula from the conscious rat. Plasma concentrations of phenytoin were measured with HPLC using phenacetin as an internal standard. The plasma concentration versus time data were fitted to a one compartment open model and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the computer program, Boomer. The phenytoin plasma concentrations from the emulsion at each observed time were about 1.5-2 times higher than those from the suspension, significantly at time of 5, 6 and 7 hr after administration. The absorption $(k_a)$ and elimination rate constant $(k_e)$ were not altered significantly, however the AUC increased from 65.6 to $106.7{\mu}ghr/ml$ after phenytoin suspension or emulsion oral administration, respectively. From an equilibrium dialysis study, the diffusion rate constant $(k_{IE})$ was considerably higher from the phenytoin Na emulsion $(0.0439 hr{-1})$ than phenytoin suspension $(0.0014 hr{-1})$.

Automated Grasp Planning for Sheet Metal Bending

Kim, Kyoung Hung,Bourne, David Alan 대한기계학회 1996 International Sessions in Celebration of the 50th Vol.1 No.1

This paper describes a generative grasp planner developed for a robot-attended sheet metal bending machine. In order to reduce the design to production time and improve the accuracy of the finished part, the grasp planner selects an optimal gripper that requires the minimum number of regrasps to produce the part. The number of grasp positions is estimated by the number of $quot;bend sets$quot; needed to account for all of the bends, where each $quot;bend set$quot; is a collection of bends that can be done from one grasp position. The grasp planner is designed to work with a bend sequence planner based on an A* search algorithm. When the bend sequence planner queries with a partial bend sequence, the grasp planner responds with grasp area and an estimate of grasping's cost to the goal. Although the size of the search space exponentially grows with the number of bends, the grasp planner's accurate cost estimation helps the bend sequence planner quickly direct the search for the best bend sequence. In many cases, the grasp planner outperforms human experts in selecting an optimal gripper and is able to generate grasp plans with a minimum number of regrasps.

Gastrointestinal Absorption of Phenytoin from an Oil-in-water Microemulsion

Kwon, Kwang-il,Bourne, David W.A. 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1997 藥學論文集 Vol.13 No.-

The absorption profile of phenytoin Na emulsion were examined compared to that of phenytion suspension after oral administration in the rat. The corn oil-in-water emulsion, particle size of 184±57.8㎚, was prepared using a microfludizer, and phenytoin Na added by shaft homogenizer. The phenytoin emulsion or suspension, 100 ㎎/㎏, were intubated intragastrically using oral dosing needle and blood samples were withdrawn via an indwelling cannula from the conscious rat. Plasma concentrations of phenytoin were measured with HPLC using phenacetin as an internal standard. The plasma concentration versus time data were fitted to a one compartment open model and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the computer program, Boomer. The phenytoin plasma concentrations from the emulsion at each observed time were about 1.5-2 times higher than those from the suspenson, significantly at time of 5, 6 and 7 hr after administration. The absorption (K_a) and elimination rate constant (k_e) were not altered significantly, however the AUC increased from 65.6 to 106.7 ㎍ㆍhr/㎖ after phenytoin suspension or emulsion oral administration, repectively. From an equilibrium dialysis study, the diffusion rate constant (k_IE) was considerably higher from the phenytoin Na emulsion (0.0439 hr) than phenytoin suspension (0.0014 hr^-1).

Variation in Salt Tolerance within a Batch ofAcacia salicina Seeds

ShafiqRehman,A-H.Deghayes,W.F.Bourne,P.J.C.Harris,EuiShikRha 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Model of Ceftriaxone Disposition in the Rat and the Effect of Caffeine on the Model

Kwon, Kwang-Il,David W.A. Bourne 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1990 藥學論文集 Vol.6 No.-

A Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the distribution and elimination of ceftriaxone in the rat. To validate the practical application of the model the effect of caffeine on the model was also examined. The model consisted of eleven compartments representing the major sites for ceftriaxone distribution including carcass which served as a residual compartment. Elimination was represented by renal and hepatic (metabolic biliary) excretion with GI secretion and re-absorption. The drug concentrations in most of the tissues were simulated using flow limited equations while brain levels were simulated using membrane limited passive diffusion distribution. The experimental data were obtained by averaging the concentration of drug in the plasma and tissues of five rats after i.v. injection of ceftriaxone 100 ㎎/㎏ without and with caffeine 20 ㎎/㎏. The data for the amount of ceftriaxone excreted in urine and gut contents were used to apportion total body clearance. HPLC with UV detection was used for the assay with 0.1-0.2 ㎍/㎖ sensitivity. The great majority of drug concentrations with and withour caffeine show reasonably good agreements to the simulation results within 20%. The effect of caffeine on renal and hepatic clearances was apparent with 18.8% and 18.6% increase in the model values, respectively.

One Hundred Twenty-Day Mortality Rates for Hip Fracture Patients with COVID-19 Infection

Tobenna J Oputa,Leanne Dupley,James T Bourne,North West COVID NOF Study Group 대한정형외과학회 2021 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.13 No.2

Background: Increased 30-day mortality rates have been reported for patients with hip fractures and a concurrent diagnosis of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection. Due to nosocomial spread of infection and the variable incubation period with the virus, follow-up past 30 days after injury is required to evaluate the true mortality amongst these patients. We aim to assess 120- day mortality rates in hip fracture patients with COVID-19 infection and compare this to hip fracture patients without COVID-19 infection presenting during the same time period. Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter review of all patients aged ≥ 60 years admitted with a fractured neck of femur between March 5 and April 5, 2020, at nine U.K. trauma units. COVID-19 status, demographic data, comorbidities, and date of death (if applicable) were collected. Results: Data were collected for 265 hip fracture patients. Forty-six patients (17.4%) tested positive for COVID-19 infection. There were no significant differences in age or Charlson comorbidity score between those with or without COVID-19. Those with COVID- 19 infection were more likely to be male (p = 0.01). Patients with COVID-19 had a 30-day mortality of 35% versus 10% in patients without (p < 0.01). One hundred twenty-day mortality was also greater in those with COVID-19 infection at 63% compared to those without at 17% (p < 0.01). Previous history of myocardial infarction was the only independent factor that showed to increase mortality rate (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis also revealed significantly increased mortality rates at 120 days in men (27% vs. 67%), women (14% vs. 59%), and those undergoing surgery (56% vs. 30%). Conclusions: We report a significantly increased mortality rate at 30 and 120 days after injury in an already high-risk cohort of surgical patients. With nearly half of patients being diagnosed with COVID-19 at 14 days or greater following admission, this study highlights the importance of taking appropriate measures to decrease the incidence of nosocomial infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in hip fracture patients.

Variation in Salt Tolerance within a Batch of Acacia salicina Seeds

Rehman, Shafiq,Deghayes, A-H.,Bourne, W. F.,Harris, P. J. C.,Rha, Eui Shik 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

Seeds of Acacia salicina Lindl., germinated in the presence of 2000 mol m^-3 NaCl (tolerant), seeds that failed to germinate in NaCl but germinated after washing in distilled water (sensitive), and seeds germinated in distilled water (unselected) were transplanted to a greenhouse. After 1 week, they were treated with 0, 100 or 200 mol m^-3 NaCl in half-strength Hoagland's solution for 5 weeks. Plants from tolerant seeds grew larger without, but not with, salt stress, and suffered lower mortality in NaCl. In order to select for salt tolerance at the seedling stage, 6 week-old plants were treated with NaCl solutions increasing to 200 mol m^-3 over 3 weeks, and then divided into tall (tolerant) and short (sensitive) plants. These were treated with NaCl in the greenhouse as above. Selection of plants on the basis of their height under stress provided plants with greater survival and less reduction in growth when subsequently exposed to NaCl stress. However, it is unclear whether the procedures employed selected for physiological salt tolerance or merely for general plant vigour.