간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

초등학교 여교사의 직무만족과 역할갈등 분석

김용주,이학주,정복희 경상대학교 2000 學生生活硏究所報 Vol.26 No.-

The purposes of this study were to examine the job satisfaction and role conflict of female elementary school teachers, and to analyze the relationship between those two factors. The following four research questions were raised. 1. What are the causal factors that brings about the job satisfaction of female elementary school teachers? 2. In regard to these causal factors, are there significant differences dependant upon such variables as teaching experience, the size of schools, and marital status? 3. What is the level of role conflict for married female elementary school teachers, and how significant are the differences according to the above variables? 4. What are the relationships between the job satisfaction factors and role conflicts of female elementary school teachers? For the purpose of this study, the researchers conducted questionnaire survey to the 300 female elementary school teachers in Kyong-nam Province. The study instrument is composed of 38 five-point Likert type questions. Major results of this research were as follows. First, the causal factors that bring about the job satisfaction of female elementary school teachers largely include school administration, a sense of recognition, promotions and raises, a physical environment, job duties, relationships with other teachers, meaningfulness of teaching, and working conditions. Second, the score on the job satisfaction of female elementary school teachers was above average(3.42 of 5.00). In regard to teaching experience, the respondents who have more than 20 years of experience had higer scores than the other groups of respondents. As for the size of schools, it was shown that schools with fewer than 23 classes had a relatively higher satisfaction rate than the other groups. Marital status had no significant differences. Third, the degree of the role conflict of married female elementary school teachers was low on the whole. Rather than the role conflict between home life and teaching duties as a teacher, the one as a housewife who has a job was greater. While teaching experience had no significant differences, the number of children had significant relations with female teachers role conflicts. Fourth, it was shown that the relationship between the causal factors of job satisfaction and role conflict of female elementary school teachers had no significant co-relationships.

시표현의 화법분석에 있어서 P-언어의 역할

김복영,박병주,홍지석 홍익대학교 산업디자인 연구소 2004 미술디자인 논문집 Vol.- No.9

The paper aims to ascertain the conditions and rules for the visual expression to produce meaning, as though it were to be an analogical level of linguistics. For this, the researchers needed to analyze the visual artifacts within the context of paradigms and syntagms, with the meta-critical level of visual languages, as a means. As a result, the researchers are ready to propose that there are a system of P-Languages, which play an active part in meta-linguistical level, according to their `morphodynamical principles'. As a fact, the existence of P-Languages could be verified through the analysis of some testing material made under the rigid construction. To scrutinize into the field of visual space, we made use of 〈The Table of Constant and Orbit of Syntagms〉 prepared before for the purpose of our research. The above observation gave an important consequences to our present question. Accordingly, in short, P-Languages seem to produce a series of paradigms and syntagms for the visual expression which, in turn, make conditions and rules of meaningful expression, through their generative and transformational structures which is activated by means of P-Languages for themselves.

열린교육에서의 교사의 역할

김주복,김기민 창원대학교 학생생활연구소 1995 학생생활연구 Vol.8 No.-

This study attempts to investigate the roles of teachers in open education (OE), which is a kind of reform movement in formal education, especially in elementary education. The method of this study is based on documents. But the difference between this study and the previous studies may be that this is concerned with both the theories and practices in OE. To do this, we are requested to answer the following four questions: (ⅰ) What is the theoretical background of OE? (ⅱ) What is the practical aspect of OE? (ⅲ) What are the roles of teachers in OE? (ⅳ) What are the meaning involved in the roles of teachers in OE? Theoretically, OE has to do with an educational thought developed through the history of western education i.e., vivid education through meaningful learning. OE assumes the human being as follows: (ⅰ) A human is an individual being with uniqueness. (ⅱ) A human bears the need of self-actualization. (ⅲ) A human can be equipped with the autonomy and self-identity. Based on the above assumptions, OE may be defined as a kind of education which develops the personality and creativity of the learner through the way that a learner is respected as a person. The characteristics of OE are (ⅰ) open organization which considers the learner's aptitude, interest and ability, (ⅱ) open human relationship where the relation between teacher and learner is not authoritarian but democratic, and (ⅲ) open curriculum where teacher regards the curricuium not as solid but as flexible. The bssic principles of OE are the freedom rule which means to permit the learner to choose educational activities, the environment rule to provide the learner with the educative environment for the significant learning, the individual instruction rule to orient meaningful learning considering the traits of learner, and the respect rule to regard the learner as a person. In OE of England, the government leaves the considerable discretion to the principals and the teachers in curriculum implementation. They usually emphasize the integrated curriculum. OE in Americal focuses on team-teaching, individual instruction, and open space for special educational activities, allowing voluntary aids to care for the class. OE in Japan is restructured to maximize the learner's personality and individuality, emphasizing team-teaching, and considering the peculiarities of region, school and class. The aim of OE in Korea shown in the pervious studies on the practices of OE is to develop the learner's potentialities and traits, directing him to realize self-actualization. The content of curriculum should be organized flexibly, considering the individual characteristics of the learner. But the educational activities in the classroom are required to abide by the formal curriculum offered by the Ministy of Education. The process of instruction-learning can enable the to develop his abilities by adopting the various teaching methods or materials and animating the interaction between teacher and learner. On investigating both the theoretical and the practical aspects of OE, the roles of teacher in OE may be summarized as follows: (ⅰ) the administration of flexible curriculum, (ⅱ) the pursuit of individual instruction, (ⅲ) the guidance of learning to learn, (ⅳ) the adoption of various educational activities and the allowance of learner's free activities, (ⅴ) the use of various groupings and learning scenes, (ⅵ) the application of cooperative instruction i.e. team-teaching and interaction, (ⅶ) the practical use of volunteers and human resources. I am sure that OE is a field where learner's personality can be respected, and learning to learn acquired under open circumstances. The reason why OE is important may be that it can provide a progressive strategy to solve the educational problems existing in present schooling. As a matter of fact, Schools adopting OE are changing from the employment of uniform teaching method to the application of various teaching methods. At first the OE as a reform movement in Korea was led not by the compelling of educational establishment but by the awakening of educational grass-roots. And now OE is supported by many teachers, parents and the authorities concerned. In concluding, what is teacher in OE may be defined as follows: (ⅰ) the authority who can run the curricuium flexibly, (ⅱ) the expert who can apply the various teaching methods considering both the subjects and the learner, (ⅲ) the guide who can direct learning to learn. In a sense, The roles of teacher in OE are equal to the roles of good teacher emphasized by the educational theories and proctices.

청주 및 충북지역소재 무역상사의 최신개정 무역거래조건 및 신용장 통일규칙의 보급이용도측정과 그들 상사사용무역영어적절성에 관한 연구

김복문,고석하,백대기,김주엽 충북대학교 산업경영연구소 1991 産業과 經營 Vol.4 No.2

多周波 홀로그래피 法을 利用한 마이크로波 홀로그래픽 영상방법

周昌福,金兌孝,鄭周洙 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1989 硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-

多周波 홀로그래피法에 의한 홀로그램데이터 收集方法과 신호처리방법을 제시하고 數値像再生을 위한 알로리즘을 확립하였다. 本 硏究의 알고리즘에 의해 컴퓨터프로그램을 개발하고 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 開口合成에 관한 마이크로파 영상기법을 확립하였다. A multi-frequency microwave holographic imaging method with high resolution capability in both range and azimuth directions are described. This paper develops 1) the collection method of hologram data and the signal processing method for signal compression, 2) an algorithm for numerical image reconstruction method, 3) a computer software for microwave imaging technique. Numerical image reconstructions are presented well for demonstsrating the capability of the method.

시(視)표현의 통사·의미부 기술연구 : 예술학의 분석적 수준과 인지심리학적 기초 On the analytical level of Science of Art and It's Cognitive Foundations

김복영,박병주 홍익대학교 산업디자인 연구소 2003 미술디자인 논문집 Vol.- No.8

This study aims a t the observation of some analytical levels -especially those of syntactico-semantical- of the visual expressions in general. As far as the syntactical parts are concerned, there were two steps t o be approached. One is to select the paradigms according to the Saussure-Hambidgean suggestions, the other to derive syntagmas from what is called the 'chaos-system', one of nonlinear dynamics. In result, paradigms could be acquired 5 sorts with its so many varieties, as visual templates (VT), supplemented by their reciprocals(R) and complements(CLE) , and syntagmas five orbits from each constant c=0 to c=l0. In additional, in connection with semantic parts, the study introduced a Gremasian model of discourses and narratives for the interpretation of signifiers. By this, we could cover the conjunctive relationships(+) and the disjunctive(-) of the whole structure of visual expression. Finally, we certified that the above could be fully approved in terms of recent worldly cognitive scientic psychological discoveries.

장상피화생과 Helicobactor pylori와의 상관 관계에 관한 연구

이복희,김대수,이현숙,진영주,윤세진,송형근,성노현,정현용,이동호 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

In 1965 Lauren divided advanced gastric carcinoma into two main types-namely, "intestinal" and "diffuse" type carcinoma, which differ not only morphologically but also in their clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Moreover, a different histogenetic process has been postulated by many authors that intestinal type gastric carcinoma might arise from areas with intestinal metaplasia. Since Warren and Marshall reported the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach in 1983, strong evidence has been obtained that there is a close relationship between Helicobacter pylori and chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and intestinal type gastric carcinoma. To study the relationship between intestinal metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori infection, we performed gastroscopic biopsies and CLO tests taken from patients with epigastric pain. Only 87 patients with macroscopically suspected antral gastritis were included. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in gastric antral biopsies increased from 33.3% in the age group<30 years to 63.6% in the age group 60 years. When all patients were divided into two age groups-namely, (i)<50 years(n=41) and (ii)≥ 50 years(n-=46), intestinal metaplasia was found significantly more often in patients ≥ 50 years. ((i) 39.2%, (ii) 54.3%, p<0.0001). The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in gastric antral biopsies decreased from 66.7% in the age group<30 years to 62.5%, in the age group in the age group 50 to 59 years. When all patients were divided into the same two age groups-namely(i)<50 years and (ii)≥50 years, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori did not differ between two groups in a statistically significant way. The mean age of intestinal metaplasia positive patients who were also Helicobacter pylori positive was 48±11.0(mean±S.D.)years, whereas the mean age of intestinal metaplasia positive patients who were Helicobacter pylori negative was 52±9.7(mean±S.D.)years. In conclusion. although our data do not prove a causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the histogenesis of intestinal metaplasia, we suggest that Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in the development of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosa. Whether Helicobacter pylori has to be present at all times during this process or is only necessary as a 'trigger', needs further research.

간호사의 임상 실무 경험

서문자,손행미,강현숙,권성복,김주현,박영숙,이은희,임난영,조경숙,지성애 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.4

purpose: This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the entities of nurse's experiences in general hospitals and to suggest basic data guiding research on developing Standards of clinical nursing practice in Korea. Method: Fourteen nurses working at general hospitals with over 300 beds in Seoul were interviewed in-depth until saturation using tape-recorders and transcription. Result: The central theme of clinical nursing practice experienced by subjects was "being with clients" that means accepting client's personal character, solving client's needs and providing client-centered nursing. A also "being with clients" was felt to be the responsibility of nurses which was learned from their nursing schools. The nursing strategies performed in order to be with patients were proving skillful nursing techniques, accepting, educating, emotional support, advocating, and self-reflecting, the subjects experienced somewhat problematic affects such as difficulties in interpersonal relationship, work overload, negative image of nursing, deficit of self-confidence for nursing actions, poor working conditions, and unfair treatment. Nurses at the hospital practiced with pride when they felt that they were accepted by clients. Conclusion: Further research is needed to analysis problems in clinical practice and the comparison of nurses' experiences of clinical practice, with nurses' experiences in various settings.

한국의 발톱진균증 환자의 삶의 질에 관한 연구

조백기,박종갑,김형옥,김성욱,백승철,김진우,김시용,안규중,전재복,오지원,김낙인,이규석,오칠환,김수남,김상태,손숙자,신용우,김동석,이원우,권경술,서대헌,황규왕,이종석,고재경,강원형,정기양,최응호,김기홍,박석돈,강승주,함정희,명기범,김방순,구상완,김병수,원영호,김한욱,송은섭,정병수,노병인,홍창권,박장규,한지윤,김광중,구대원,김종민,김재홍,유희준,양경미 대한의진균학회 1998 대한의진균학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Background: Onychomycosis, especially toenail onychomycosis has become one of the common fungal infection and has historically been regarded as a cosmetic rather than medical problem by many patients, even by physicians. Recently, however, there are several reports that is a refractory disease which may cause a deleterious effect on patiets quality of life (QOL). Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of toenail onychomycosis on QOL in Korea and to assess the chandes of QOL after treatment. Methods: Total 1004 patients with toenail onychomycosis which was confirmed by clinical findings and KOH preparation were were enrolled at 47 dermatologic centers in Korea, and interviewed with standardized QOL questionnaire before and after sytemic antifungal treatment. Responses to the questionnaire were scored by 5-point scale (1∼4) and averaged, and were analyzed for 5 dimensions of emotional impact, social impact, symptorn and functional impact, patients views concerning treatment, and relationship with doctor. Results: 1. Before and after treatment, the most serious impact was emotional dimension showing 1.90 and 1.30 in average score (AS), and social (AS: 1.14 and 0.83) and symptom and functional impact (AS: 1.05 and 0.92) was also affected. 2. In female rather than male, statistically more significant impact on patients QOL was observed in all dimensions. 3. After treatment, 3 of 5 dimensions were improved significantly - emotional dimension (AS : from 1.90 to 1.30), social dimension (AS: from 1.14 to 0.83), patients view concerning treatment (AS: from 1.34 to 1.02). 4. The drgree of patients satisfaction at the therapeutic effect was very high- 62.4% (immediately after treatment) and 65.8% (9 months affer initiation of treatment) of patients answered excellent or good. Conclusion: This study confirms that toenail onychomycosis has significant impact on the overall QOL of patients. Also the effect of antifungal therapy on patients QOL were watisfactory. Therefore, both doctor and patient should pay more attention to the treatment of onychomycosis. [Kor J Med Mycol 3(1): 115∼124]