Molecular inscription of environmental information into protein suprastructures: temperature effects on unit assembly of α-synuclein oligomers into polymorphic amyloid fibrils.

Bhak, Ghibom,Lee, Junghee,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Lee, Soonkoo,Lee, Daekyun,Paik, Seung R Biochemical Society 2014 Biochemical journal Vol.464 No.2

<P>Molecular-level storage of environmental information in biological structures in tangible forms, and their subsequent transfer to the next generation, has been studied using the phenomenon of amyloidogenesis, which defines a biochemical condition generating highly ordered protein aggregates known as amyloid fibrils. α-Synuclein oligomers shown to experience unit assembly as the formation of amyloid fibrils were used in the present study as an environment-sensing agent. With temperature varying in 2 C intervals between 37 C and 43 C, the oligomeric unit assembly led to fibrillar polymorphism from a straight to a curly appearance, as assessed using TEM and small-angle neutron scattering; the different effects on the secondary structures were evaluated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The resulting diversified amyloid fibrils, which have distinctive molecular characteristics, were shown to be inherited by the next generation through the self-propagating property of amyloidogenesis. Storage of intangible temperature information in the diversified protein suprastructures and perpetuation of the stored information in the form of polymorphic amyloid fibrils could represent molecular inscription of environmental information into biological systems; this could further extend our understanding of any physiological/pathological significance of amyloidogenic polymorphism and be utilized in the area of nanobiotechnology to process various external signals.</P>

The Atom of Evolution

Bhak, Jonghwa,Bolser, Dan,Park, Daeui,Cho, Yoobok,Yoo, Kiesuk,Lee, Semin,Gong, SungSam,Jang, Insoo,Park, Changbum,Huston, Maryana,Choi, Hwanho Korea Genome Organization 2004 Genomics & informatics Vol.2 No.4

The main mechanism of evolution is that biological entities change, are selected, and reproduce. We propose a different concept in terms of the main agent or atom of evolution: in the biological world, not an individual object, but its interactive network is the fundamental unit of evolution. The interaction network is composed of interaction pairs of information objects that have order information. This indicates a paradigm shift from 3D biological objects to an abstract network of information entities as the primary agent of evolution. It forces us to change our views about how organisms evolve and therefore the methods we use to analyze evolution.

Damage-free surface treatment of polyethersulfone films using magnetized plasma generated by low-frequency (60 Hz) power

Bhak, Jong-Goo,Kim, Hong Tak,Kim, Chan,Rhee, Ilsu Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2017 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol.645 No.1

<P>Surface treatments of polyethersulfone (PES) films were performed using the magnetized plasma generated by low-frequency (60Hz) power for applying them to the flexible substrates of solar cells and electronic displays. The contact angle between the water droplet and PES films was observed to change from 80 degrees to 30 degrees after the plasma treatment. This indicates that the surface of the PES films changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The surface roughness of the films did not change after the plasma treatment, and this indicates that the magnetized plasma did not damage the surface of the films. The trapping of energetic particles by the magnetic field is thought to be responsible for this result. It is concluded that the plasma treatment by using the magnetized plasma is useful for the surface modification of the polymeric materials suitable for flexible substrates of solar cells and electronic displays.</P>

High-Density Single-Layer Coating of Gold Nanoparticles onto Multiple Substrates by Using an Intrinsically Disordered Protein of α-Synuclein for Nanoapplications

Bhak, Ghibom,Lee, Junghee,Kim, Chang-Hyun,Chung, Dong Young,Kang, Jin Hyoun,Oh, Soojung,Lee, Jungsup,Kang, Jin Soo,Yoo, Ji Mun,Yang, Jee Eun,Rhoo, Kun Yil,Park, Sunghak,Lee, Somin,Nam, Ki Tae,Jeon, No American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.10

<P>Functional graffiti of nanoparticles onto target surface is an important issue in the development of nanodevices. A general strategy has been introduced here to decorate chemically diverse substrates with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the form of a close-packed single layer by using an omni-adhesive protein of a-synuclein (alpha S) as conjugated with the particles. Since the adsorption was highly sensitive to pH, the amino acid sequence of aS exposed from the conjugates and its conformationally disordered state capable of exhibiting structural plasticity are considered to be responsible for the single-layer coating over diverse surfaces. Merited by the simple solution-based adsorption procedure, the particles have been imprinted to various geometric shapes in 2-D and physically inaccessible surfaces of 3-D objects. The alpha S-encapsulated AuNPs to form a high-density single-layer coat has been employed in the development of nonvolatile memory, fule-cell, solar-cell, and cell-culture platform, where the outlying aS has played versatile roles such as a dielectric layer for charge retention, a sacrificial layer to expose AuNPs for chemical catalysis, a reaction center for silicification, and biointerface for cell attachment, respectively. Multiple utilizations of the alpha S-based hybrid NPs, therefore, could offer great versatility to fabricate a variety of NP-integrated advanced materials which would serve as an indispensable component for widespread applications of high-performance nanodevices.</P>

Personal Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Variomics

Bhak, Jong,Ghang, Ho,Reja, Rohit,Kim, Sang-Soo Korea Genome Organization 2008 Genomics & informatics Vol.6 No.4

In 2008 at least five complete genome sequences are available. It is known that there are over 15,000,000 genetic variants, called SNPs, in the dbSNP database. The cost of full genome sequencing in 2009 is claimed to be less than $5000 USD. The genomics era has arrived in 2008. This review introduces technologies, bioinformatics, genomics visions, and variomics projects. Variomics is the study of the total genetic variation in an individual and populations. Research on genetic variation is the most valuable among many genomics research branches. Genomics and variomics projects will change biology and the society so dramatically that biology will become an everyday technology like personal computers and the internet. 'BioRevolution' is the term that can adequately describe this change.

자연치유 관점에서 동서양의 건강 진단법에 대한 비교분석

박진영(Bhak Jin Young), 오정숙(Oh Jeong Suk), 장석종(Jang Seok Jong) 한국자연치유교육학회 2019 자연치유교육학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Looking at the basic concepts of western medicine and oriental medicine, Western medicine observes the human body by subdividing it into organs, tissues, blood, and lymph fluid, and analyzes and treats the local part of the lesion (the diseased part). The diagnostic test focuses on conducting and interpreting tests related to the diagnosis, progression, treatment, and prognosis of the disease using samples of blood, urine, feces, body fluids, and tissues collected from the patient. Depending on the measurement and detection target, there are general blood test, blood coagulation test, fibrinolysis test, blood biochemistry test, immunoserum test, hormone test, tumor marker, pathology test, urine test, and stool test. In addition, a variety of machines are used to directly test the function of the body. Major tests include physiological tests, x-rays, CT, MRI, PET, and ultrasound. In addition, there are various diagnostic tests. Oriental medicine sees not only lesions but also the human body as an organism in which the whole body is connected. Therefore, in oriental medicine, although local treatment, it is characterized by treatment while considering the overall balance. As a general method of diagnosing diseases in oriental medicine, 4diagnostic defined in Oriental Medicine is used as the main diagnostic method. 4diagnostic(四診法) there are Mangjin(望診), Munjin(聞診), Munjin(問診), Jeoljin(切診). Mangjin called Sin-ui(神醫) as a diagnostic method to know the disease with his eyes, Munjin understands with her ear and calls it Sung-ui(煙醫), Munjin understands through questions and calls it Gong-ui(工醫), Jeoljin understands it as a pulse and calls it Gyo-ui(巧醫). When diagnosing the patient’s body, only one of these methods should not be used. Mangjin to see and confirm, Munjin to hear and confirm with ears, Munjin to ask and confirm, and Jeoljin’s methods to touch and confirm must be integrated. Integrating the diagnosis of East-West medicine will provide a shortcut to prevent disease, maintain health, and promote the happiness of the people.

[ARTIST 2] 권용택, 이질적인 시공간의 종합적 그리기

박영택(Bhak, Young taik) 더원미술세계 2017 더원미술세계 Vol.64 No.398

Genome analysis on very large amount of genome data from next generation sequencers

Jong Bhak 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

Cell Cycle and Apoptosis of Bovine Fetal Fibroblast Cells following Different Activation Treatments

Jong-Sik Bhak,Sang-yong Choe 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2002 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.26 No.1

개인유전체 시대의 유전정보의 이용과 법적 문제

박종화 ( Jong Bhak ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2005 과학기술법연구 Vol.11 No.1

Before 2010, human societies will meet the personal genomics era. Each individual will have his/her own genome sequences completely sequenced. The use of such massive private information has several legal implications. One is the patents of genes. Who can own the patents right while every human being has such genes in his/her genome? Another issue is how much intervention a nation can have over individual genome information. Can a nation own and manage her people`s genome information? For science and technology to develop fast, it will be necessary for public organizations maintain the databases and tools for handling genome information. Other issues are ethics in the use of such genome information. The past and present trend clearly show that the main driving force of enhancing science is money. The financial gains from scientific and technological knowledge will dominate the future direction of genome research and legal issues will be of economy problems in the society. The best approach of handling legal issues related to genomic and genetic information is to segregate the inherent social problems from inefficient management from the technical and scientific problems. Most social conflicts are not from the technology itself, but the management and distribution system of the resource and knowledge. Genomic data can bring social and legal problems but the essence is not in science but in the management of the society. A progressive and proactive bills should be forwarded to the society if there have to be restrictions and regulations on the use of genome information. This is because the idea of private genetic data is false. Individuals share nearly the same information with other social members in terms of genome. Genome information can not be personal, therefore, the concept of protecting private genetic information is not practical. Compared to social inequality found among disabled and different ethnic groups, genetic inequality is a minor problem in the next decades.