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Post-fracture Stimulation of in Vitro Osteogenesis Is Not Systemic
Dutra, Timothy F.,Bernard, George W. Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1998 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.23 No.4
Locally active post-fracture stimulation of in vitro osteogenesis was observed in this laboratory by Tibone and Bernard (1982). They found that rabbit femoral bone marrow showed a significant increase in the number of in vitro osteogenic colonies when collected 24 hours after antecedent fracture, compared to marrow from unfractured controls. Using the same tissue culture methods for counting bone colonies as a bioassay, we compared bone colonies from marrow cells obtained before and after surgical fracture of the contralateral fenur and found no significant difference in number of bone colonies formed. Comparing these results with those of Tibone and Bernard (1982), our conclusion is that a fracture causes local stimulation of the osteogenic cells of marrow, which is not manifested systemically.
( Bernard Benjamin P Albano ),( Josephine C Gutierrez ),( Jose P Tirona ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Identifi cation of outcome predictors in stroke remains important for the application of early aggressive treatment and establishment of a reliable prognosis. Methods: The objective was to determine the clinical characteristics of Filipino patients with hemorrhagic stroke and identify parameters that predict early neurological deterioration (END) and death. Charts of hemorrhagic stroke patients that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Relevant data on admission were recorded. Canadian Stroke Score (CSS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on the fi rst 3 hospital days and mortality at any time during hospital stay were also recorded. Results: Eighty-eight patients were included (49 male), mean age was 56.7+12.9. The most common presenting symptom was hemiparesis (29.5%), and the most common location was striatocapsular (31.8%). Forty nine patients (55.7%) had severe stroke and 31 (35.2%) had severe impairment of consciousness. Fifty six patients (67%) had ECG abnormalities. The incidence of END was 38.6% (95%CI 28.9, 49.1), while in-hospital mortality rate was 29.5% (95% CI 20.7, 39.7). Conclusions: Independent predictors of in-hospital death were high systolic blood pressure (SBP), “severe” stroke, presence of intra-ventricular (IV) extension and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Independent predictors of END were high SBP, “severe” stroke and presence of leukocytosis. In hemorrhagic stroke, the ECG score has a role in risk stratifi cation and that aggressive SBP reduction may signifi cantly reduce the occurrence of END and in-hospital mortality.
Why pest management needs behavioral ecology and vice versa
Bernard D. ROITBERG 한국곤충학회 2007 Entomological Research Vol.37 No.1
Behavior manipulation is becoming an accepted tactic in pest management, however, there are many ways in which the approach can be improved. In this review, I explain how and why insect behavioral response to various stimuli can vary dramatically under different conditions and that it is this variable response that must be understood before behavior manipulation becomes widely accepted in pest management programs. I propose that entomologists use concepts from behavioral ecology to manipulate pest behavior in a predictable manner. The key is to study behaviors that maximize fitness in natural environments and then exploit these behaviors in agriculture. I provide examples from a range of behavior manipulation tactics, including use of attracticides, kairomone-mediated biological control, use of marking pheromones, and push-pull manipulation.
Update on the Management of Antibiotic Allergy
Bernard Yu-Hor Thong 대한천식알레르기학회 2010 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.2 No.2
Drug allergy to antibiotics may occur in the form of immediate or non-immediate (delayed) hypersensitivity reactions. Immediate reactions are usually IgE-mediated whereas non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions are usually non-IgE or T-cell mediated. The clinical manifestations of antibiotic allergy may be cutaneous, organ-specific (e.g., blood dyscracias, hepatitis, interstitial nephritis), systemic (e.g., anaphylaxis, drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome) or various combinations of these. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions manifesting as Stevens Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) may be potentially life-threatening. The management of antibiotic allergy begins with the identification of the putative antibiotic from a detailed and accurate drug history, complemented by validated in-vivo and in-vitro allergological tests. This will facilitate avoidance of the putative antibiotic through patient education, use of drug alert cards, and electronic medical records with in-built drug allergy/adverse drug reaction prescription and dispensing checks. Knowledge of the evidence for specific antibiotic cross-reactivities is also important in patient education. Apart from withdrawal of the putative antibiotic, immunomodulatory agents like high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins may have a role in TEN. Drug desensitization where the benefits outweigh the risks, and where no alternative antibiotics can be used for various reasons, may be considered in certain situations. Allergological issues pertaining to electronic drug allergy alerts, computerized physician prescriptions and decision support systems,and antibiotic de-escalation in antimicrobial stewardship programmes are also discussed.
U.S. Perspectives on East Asian Economic Integration
Bernard K. Gordon 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2006 Journal of Economic Development Vol.31 No.2
USA is the only major trade power with equal economic stakes in all regions, and will oppose Asian economic integration if it excludes USA. Charts show relatively declining US role, rising China role as key trade partner for Japan, Korea, ASEAN. Responding to China’s lead, as in its ASEAN trade deals, and shaped by former USTR Zoellick, there is growing US support for bilateral trade agreements, including Korea-US FTA, though most economists oppose bilateral/regional approach as inconsistent with the WTO-multilateral trade format. From US perspective, the prognosis for East Asian economic integration is not good.