The Determinants of Non-Farm Income Diversification in Rural Ethiopia

Zerihun Berhane WELDEGEBRIEL,Giuseppe FOLLONI,Martin PROWSE 연세대학교 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2015 Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International D Vol.6 No.1

Diversification has long been viewed as a risk minimization strategy in the face of increasing climatic and economic risks in developing countries. This paper examines the determinants of non-farm income diversification in rural Ethiopia for a four-wave panel of 1240 households from the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey over the period 1994–2009. The paper makes a conceptual distinction between non-farm and off-farm income and uses fixed and random-effects models to control for unobserved characteristics. The results suggest that the variables that determine non-farm diversification—consumption per capita and livestock holdings—belong to pull factors and reflect a strategy by wealthier households. Coupled with instrumental variable estimations to ascertain the direction of causality, these findings lend support to the argument that the main motivation for increasing non-farm diversification is likely to be accumulation.

The Impact of Official Development Assistance on the Human Development Index

( Amanuel Habtetsion Berhane ),( Yoon C. Cho ) 서암순창장학회 2017 Journal of Marketing Thought Vol.4 No.3

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of Official Development Assistance (ODA) on Human Development Index (HDI) in developing countries. The results of the study found that net GDP, Institutions measured by CPIA, and personal remittances has significant positive effect on HDI, while population growth, military expenditure as percentage of GDP and CO2 emissions has significant negative effect on HDI. This study provides managerial and policy implications for the importance of the impact of official development assistance with human development index

Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Behcet`s Disease by Using Noninvasive Radiological Methods such as Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid, Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index, Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring, and Their Relati

( Belkız Uyar ),( Aynur Solak ),( Berhan Genc ),( Muhittin Akyıldız ),( Neslin Sahin ),( Ihsan Sami Uyar ),( Ali Saklamaz ) 대한피부과학회 2015 Annals of Dermatology Vol.27 No.6

Background: Behcet`s disease (BD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory systemic vasculitis. Evidence for increased atherosclerosis in BD has been observed. The relation between cardiovascular risk factors and increased atherosclerosis in patients with BD is still controversial. Objective: We performed this study to evaluate arterial stiffness in patients with BD by using noninvasive radiological methods such as carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI), coronary artery calcium score (CACaS), and their relation to serum fetuin-A levels, which was recently found to be important in vascular calcification. Methods: This prospective study included 26 patients with BD and 25 control subjects. In all patients, the CIMT, ABPI, CACaS, and serum fetuin-A levels were examined. Results: The CIMT and CACaS were statistically higher and the ABPI was statistically lower in BD patients than in the control group. All p-values were <0.001. Positive correlations were found between the CACaS and CIMT, and negative correlations were found between the CACaS and ABPI. Although the values of fetuin-A were higher in BD, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.064). However, the correlations found between fetuin-A levels and CIMT and between fetuin-A levels and CACaS were significant. Conclusion: The CIMT, CACaS, and ABPI are all useful in detecting structural and functional vascular damage in BD. (Ann Dermatol 27(6) 702∼708, 2015)

Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Caused by the Fistula from the Aortic Graft Pseudoaneurysm to the Left Ventricle

İsmail Balaban,Ahmet Karaduman,Berhan Keskin,Semih Kalkan,Dogancan Ceneli,Cagrı Kafkas,Nuri Havan,Gökhan Kahveci 대한심장학회 2020 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.50 No.6

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Flock composition, breeding strategies and farmers’ traits of interest evaluation of Wollo highland sheep and their F₁ crosses

( Tadesse Amare ),( Gebeyehu Goshu ),( Berhan Tamir ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2018 한국축산학회지 Vol.60 No.5

Background: Sheep production is a major component of the livestock sector in Ethiopia. The country owing to the large population of 30.70 million estimated numbers of sheep in the country and out of which about 72.14% are females, and 27.86% are males with diverse genetic resources. The real value of indigenous breeds was often under-estimated mostly due to their poor appearance and relatively low productivity. Developing countries in most cases opt for exotic breeds to increase animal productivity through crossbreeding or breed substitution without properly investigating the production potential of the indigenous breeds. The main objective of the research was to identify sheep flock composition and structure, farmers’ traits of interest and breeding objective of Wollo highland sheep, and their F₁ crossbreed progenies. Results: Smallholder farmers’ flock synthesized from breeding ewes, breeding rams, pre-weaned ewe lambs, pre-weaned ram lambs, unproductive ewes, castrated and fattened rams, with the percentage coverage of 29.2, 13.3, 15.5, 16.5, 12.4, and 12.5%, respectively. The maximum number of flock size was 289.0 sheep per flock and higher in the third stratum. The off-take rate percentage of the three strata presented as 21.9% in 1st stratum, 12% in the 2nd stratum, and 16.4% in the 3rd stratum and higher off-take rate recorded in the first stratum. Sheep producer’s traits of interest ranked by growth rate (first), body size (second) and marketing value was third rank. Communal breeding (random mating), village based controlled breeding, mixed type and private ram controlled breeding practice were comprised of 39.7, 61.7, 52 and 71.3%, respectively. The percentages of ewes per flock composition were presented as 36.5, 27.1 and 25.5%, respectively in the 3rd stratum, 2nd stratum and 3rd stratum in the order of their importance’s. Conclusion: Genetic improvement practices at smallholder sheep producers situation was showing promising outcome with indigenous Washera F₁ crossbred lambs and which designated for weaning rate, body size, marketing age, age at first lambing, good temperament and large litter size in the order of their rank. The contemporary breeding practice tendency indicated that, reduced flock size to improve flock productivity via crossbreeding practices.

Evaluation of the saturation property of vegetation indices derived from sentinel-2 in mixed crop-forest ecosystem

Aklilu Tesfaye Andualem,Gessesse Awoke Berhan 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.1

The saturation property of vegetation indices posed a known limitation and this study was motivated to understand the saturation property of three widely used vegetation indices in mixed crop-forest ecosystem where limited knowledge existed. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Simple Ratio Index (SRI) and Transformed Vegetation Index (TVI) were computed from sentinel-2 bands and; variations among bands and among vegetation indices were evaluated. The study employed green Leaf Area Index (gLAI) Version 1 product, derived from PROBA-V daily data for discriminating the saturation property of the indices. Although the study applied various methods of image preprocessing and processing, best curve fitting and correlation analysis were the key ones. The three vegetation indices: NDVI, SRI, and TVI computed from sentinel-2 bands: four (red) and five (red edge) coupled with bands 8 and 8a showed some levels of saturation. Nonetheless, TVI computed from bands 8a and 4 is the best outperforming combination, i.e., the least saturated one and it is an interesting output in a sense that a single index with significantly lower values of noise equivalent green Leaf Area Index as well as having strong association with gLAI is obtained that could be very useful for quantification of gLAI in similar ecosystems. For the rest of the bands and vegetation indices combination of the indices via setting thresholds could be one possible solution. The saturation property of vegetation indices posed a known limitation and this study was motivated to understand the saturation property of three widely used vegetation indices in mixed crop-forest ecosystem where limited knowledge existed. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Simple Ratio Index (SRI) and Transformed Vegetation Index (TVI) were computed from sentinel-2 bands and; variations among bands and among vegetation indices were evaluated. The study employed green Leaf Area Index (gLAI) Version 1 product, derived from PROBA-V daily data for discriminating the saturation property of the indices. Although the study applied various methods of image preprocessing and processing, best curve fitting and correlation analysis were the key ones. The three vegetation indices: NDVI, SRI, and TVI computed from sentinel-2 bands: four (red) and five (red edge) coupled with bands 8 and 8a showed some levels of saturation. Nonetheless, TVI computed from bands 8a and 4 is the best outperforming combination, i.e., the least saturated one and it is an interesting output in a sense that a single index with significantly lower values of noise equivalent green Leaf Area Index as well as having strong association with gLAI is obtained that could be very useful for quantification of gLAI in similar ecosystems. For the rest of the bands and vegetation indices combination of the indices via setting thresholds could be one possible solution.

Oral symptoms significantly higher among long-term khat (Catha edulis) users in Ethiopia

Ayalew Astatkie,Meaza Demissie,Yemane Berhane,Alemayehu Worku 한국역학회 2015 Epidemiology and Health Vol.37 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Associations between khat (Catha edulis) chewing and different adverse oral-dental health conditions have been reported, yet evidence is still lacking. This study was designed to investigate the associa-tion between long-term regular khat chewing and self-reported oral symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1,255 university students in southern Ethi-opia. Data on khat chewing status, a range of oral symptoms and other pertinent variables were collected us-ing self-administered questionnaires. The association between long-term regular khat chewing and oral symp-tom count was investigated using negative binomial regression. RESULTS: The mean oral symptom count among long-term regular khat chewers was 1.75 (standard devia-tion [SD], 2.18; standard error [SE], 0.31), whereas that among those who were not long-term regular khat chewers was 1.18 (SD, 1.68; SE, 0.10). After adjustment for other variables, long-term regular khat chewers had approximately 50% more oral symptoms than those who were not long-term chewers did (adjusted count ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 2.10). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term khat chewing negatively affects the oral health of young university students.

Anatomy, Variants, and Pathologies of the Superior Glenohumeral Ligament: Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Three-Dimensional Volumetric Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination Sequence and Conventional Magnetic Resonance Arthrography

Hayri Ogul,Leyla Karaca,Cahit Emre Can,Berhan Pirimoglu,Kutsi Tuncer,Murat Topal,Aylin Okur,Mecit Kantarci 대한영상의학회 2014 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this review was to demonstrate magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography findings of anatomy, variants, and pathologic conditions of the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL). This review also demonstrates the applicability of a new MR arthrography sequence in the anterosuperior portion of the glenohumeral joint. The SGHL is a very important anatomical structure in the rotator interval that is responsible for stabilizing the long head of the biceps tendon. Therefore, a torn SGHL can result in pain and instability. Observation of the SGHL is difficult when using conventional MR imaging, because the ligament may be poorly visualized. Shoulder MR arthrography is the most accurately established imaging technique for identifying pathologies of the SGHL and associated structures. The use of three dimensional (3D) volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequences produces thinner image slices and enables a higher in-plane resolution than conventional MR arthrography sequences. Therefore, shoulder MR arthrography using 3D VIBE sequences may contribute to evaluating of the smaller intraarticular structures such as the SGHL.

Genotype × environment interaction and yield stability in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes in the central highland of Ethiopia

Fekadu Wondimu,Mekbib Firew,Lakew Berhane,Haussmann Bettina I. G. 한국작물학회 2023 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.26 No.2

Barley is one of the most important cereal crops cultivated over a wider environment in the diverse agro-ecologies in Ethiopia. Study on genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis using thirty barley genotypes was conducted across nine environments in randomized complete block design with three replications to study the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction and to evaluate the stability and adaptability of barley genotypes with high mean yield performance. Additive main efect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype main efect and genotypes by environment interaction (GGE) and Eberhart and Russell models were employed for stability and adaptability analysis. Thus, AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield showed highly signifcant (P≤0.001) diferences due to genotypes, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Accordingly, environment accounted for (54.61%) of the total variations followed by genotype (10.69%) and G×E interaction (34.70%). Moreover, a substantial percentage of the G×E interaction sum of squares was explained by IPCA1 (45.48%) followed by IPCA2 (24.65%) and IPCA3 (13.02%) while the frst two IPCAs explained 70.13%. Moreover, AMMI and GGE were found to be efcient in grouping the barley growing environment in the central highland, whereas Debre Markos and Bekoji were good representative testing environments. Generally, the current study indicated that 3514-A, 24,990, and 17,148 were desirable genotypes for subsequent breeding line identifcation and variety development.

Model development for mechanical properties and weld quality class of friction stir welding using multi-objective Taguchi method and response surface methodology

Mohamed Ackiel Mohamed,Yupiter HP Manurung,Mohamed Nor Berhan 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.6

This study presents the effect of the governing parameters in friction stir welding (FSW) on the mechanical properties and weld qualityof a 6mm thick 6061 T651 Aluminum alloy butt joint. The main FSW parameters, the rotational and traverse speed were optimized basedon multiple mechanical properties and quality features, which focus on the tensile strength, hardness and the weld quality class using themulti-objective Taguchi method (MTM). Multi signal to noise ratio (MSNR) was employed to determine the optimum welding parametersfor MTM while further analysis concerning the significant level determination was accomplished via the well-established analysis ofvariance (ANOVA). Furthermore, the first order model for predicting the mechanical properties and weld quality class is derived byapplying response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the experimental confirmation test, the proposed method can effectively estimatethe mechanical properties and weld quality class which can be used to enhance the welding performance in FSW or other applications.