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$\alpha$-type Hochschild cohomology of Hom-associative algebras and bialgebras
Benedikt Hurle,Abdenacer Makhlouf 대한수학회 2019 대한수학회지 Vol.56 No.6
In this paper we define a new type of cohomology for multiplicative Hom-associative algebras, which generalizes Hom-type Hochschild cohomology and fits with deformations of Hom-associative algebras including the deformation of the structure map $\alpha$. Moreover, we provide various observations and similarly a new type cohomology of Hom-bialgebras extending the Gerstenhaber-Schack cohomology for Hom-bialgebras and fitting with formal deformations including deformations of the structure map.
Diachronic Probabilistic Grammar
Benedikt Szmrecsanyi 한국영어학학회 2013 영어학연구 Vol.19 No.3
The paper sketches a novel, usage-based framework - Diachronic Probabilistic Grammar (DPG - to analyze variation and change in diachrony. The approach builds on previous work in the Probabilistic Grammar tradition (see, for example, Bresnan 2007; Bresnan and Ford 2010) demonstrating. based on converging experimental and observational evidence, that syntactic knowledge is to some extent probabilistic, and that language users have excellent predictive abilities. What takes center stage in the approach is how contextual predictors (such as, for example, the principle of end weight) constrain linguistic variation. DPG is specifically interested in the extent to which such probabilistic constraints are (un)stable in the course of time. To highlight the diagnostic potential of the DPG framework, the paper explores three case studies: the development of the alternation between non-finite and finite complementation in the Late Modem English period, recent changes in the genitive alternation in the late 20th century, and a cross-constructional analysis of parallelisms in the development of the genitive and the dative alternation in the Late Modern English period.
Faust - Tragödie des menschlichen Autonomieanspruchs
Benedikt Jeßing 한국괴테학회 2013 괴테연구 Vol.- No.26
주체의 자율성이라는 관념은 계몽주의시대에 점점 더 확산되고 확립되며, 18세기 말에 그 정점에 이른다. 감상주의와 ‘질풍노도’ 이후로 독일문학 역시 이러한 경향 속에서 근대적 주체의 모델을 보여주려 시도한다. 그러나 이와 동시에인간이 자율성을 획득하고자 노력하는 것에 대해 비판적으로 성찰하기도 한다. 본고는 괴테가 자신의 드라마 『파우스트』에서 인간의 자율성에 대한 요구를 문학적으로 시험대에 올리고 있다고 보고, 이것이 어떤 식으로 형상화되고 있는지를 살펴본다. 파우스트의 첫 독백에는 인간의 자율성에 대한 요구가 드러나고 있기는 하지만 동시에 그러한 요구가 실현되는 것을 방해하는 세 가지 요소, 즉 멜랑콜리와절망과 행동하지 못하는 무능력 또한 확인된다. 멜랑콜리와 절망이 고양될수록주어진 한계를 넘어서고 자율적이고자 하는 모든 것이 실체 없는 제스추어로 격하된다. 그리고 멜랑콜리와 절망은 파우스트가 실제 행동하는 인간이 되는 것을방해한다. 말로만 행동을 선취하는 파우스트를 실제로 행동하게 만드는 것은 메피스토이다. 메피스토와의 계약 이후 비로소 파우스트는 자신이 지니고 있는 엄청난 행동능력을 현실로 만들어나간다. 여기서 메피스토는 파우스트가 획득한 행동의 자율성을 구현한다. 행동의 자율성이 근대적 주체의 특징이라고 한다면, 행동하는 파우스트는 근대적 인간으로 이해될 수 있을 것이다. 특히 『파우스트, 비극 제2부』에서는 파우스트의 이러한 변화를 중심으로 산업사회가 시작되는 근대에 있어 행동의 자율성이 지니는 의미를 성찰할 수가 있다. 그러나 작품의 결말은 메피스토의 입을 빌려 이렇게 구현된 자율성이 환상이자 자기기만임을 드러낸다. 파우스트의 자율성구현이 다른 이들의 희생을, 심지어 자율적 주체 자신의희생을 요구함으로써 괴테의 『파우스트』는 인간의 자율성에 대한 요구가 맞이하는 비극이 된다.
Towards Future Circular Colliders
Michael Benedikt,Frank Zimmermann 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.6
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) presently provides proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass (c.m.) energy of 13 TeV. The LHC design was started more than 30 years ago, and its physics program will extend through the second half of the 2030’s. The global Future Circular Collider (FCC) study is now preparing for a post-LHC project. The FCC study focuses on the design of a 100-TeV hadron collider (FCC-hh) in a new ∼100 km tunnel. It also includes the design of a high-luminosity electron-positron collider (FCCee) as a potential intermediate step, and a lepton-hadron collider option (FCC-he). The scope of the FCC study comprises accelerators, technology, infrastructure, detectors, physics, concepts for worldwide data services, international governance models, and implementation scenarios. Among the FCC core technologies figure 16-T dipole magnets, based on Nb3Sn superconductor, for the FCC-hh hadron collider, and a highly-efficient superconducting radiofrequency system for the FCCee lepton collider. Following the FCC concept, the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) in Beijing has initiated a parallel design study for an e+e − Higgs factory in China (CEPC), which is to be succeeded by a high-energy hadron collider (SPPC). At present a tunnel circumference of 54 km and a hadron collider c.m. energy of about 70 TeV are being considered. After a brief look at the LHC, this article reports the motivation and the present status of the FCC study, some of the primary design challenges and R&D subjects, as well as the emerging global collaboration.
What is a Resilient Society? Toward Integrated Resilient Communities: A View from Germany
Roland Benedikter and Karim Fathi 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2017 Localities Vol.7 No.-
Like most Western societies, contemporary Germany is in the process of deep restructuring through change drivers, such as the migration crisis; the turn to sustainable energy; and new security needs triggered by recent terror attacks, such as the one onto the Berlin Christmas market in December, 2016. While there is a significantly growing challenge to the public management of new multi-cultural and multi-religious ambiences, particularly in urban centers and regional conurbations, climate change will play a role in transforming the agricultural and farming sector, and natural desasters, such as the floodings in Northern Germany in the summer of 2017, may become more frequent. Given all this multi-dimensional and interrelated change, the question is how German communities–with their diverse needs between the agricultural north and the industrial south, and between the so-called "old" federal states in the west and the "new" federal states in the East–may become more resilient. In addition, there is a new discourse in Europe about the overall resilience of nation states given their increasing internal differentiation. The main question is what the decisive factors for increasing resilience can and should be.