A vibration-based approach for detecting arch dam damage using RBF neural networks and Jaya algorithms

Zahoor Hussain,Ali Zar,Muhammad Akbar,Bassam A. Tayeh,Zhibin Lin 국제구조공학회 2023 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.32 No.5

The study presents a new hybrid data-driven method by combining radial basis functions neural networks (RBFNN) with the Jaya algorithm (JA) to provide effective structural health monitoring of arch dams. The novelty of this approach lies in that only one user-defined parameter is required and thus can increase its effectiveness and efficiency, as compared to other machine learning techniques that often require processing a large amount of training and testing model parameters and hyper-parameters, with high time-consuming. This approach seeks rapid damage detection in arch dams under dynamic conditions, to prevent potential disasters, by utilizing the RBF-NNN to seamlessly integrate the dynamic elastic modulus (DEM) and modal parameters (such as natural frequency and mode shape) as damage indicators. To determine the dynamic characteristics of the arch dam, the JA sequentially optimizes an objective function rooted in vibration-based data sets. Two case studies of hyperbolic concrete arch dams were carefully designed using finite element simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the RBF-NN model, in conjunction with the Jaya algorithm. The testing results demonstrated that the proposed methods could exhibit significant computational time-savings, while effectively detecting damage in arch dam structures with complex nonlinearities. Furthermore, despite training data contaminated with a high level of noise, the RBF-NN and JA fusion remained the robustness, with high accuracy.

Properties and durability of concrete with olive waste ash as a partial cement replacement

Tayeh, Bassam A.,Hadzima-Nyarko, Marijana,Zeyad, Abdullah M.,Al-Harazin, Samer Z. Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.11 No.1

This research aims to study the utilization of olive waste ash (OWA) in the production of concrete as a partial substitute for cement. Effects of using OWA on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete mixtures have been investigated. This is done by carrying out tests involving the addition of various percentages of OWA to cement (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%). For each percentage, tests were performed on both fresh and hardened concrete; these included slump test, unit weight test and compressive strength test after 7, 28 and 90 days. Durability tests were investigated in solutions containing 5% NaOH and MgSO4 by weight of water. In addition, resistance to high temperatures was tested by subjecting the cubes to high temperatures of up to 170℃. The results of this research indicate that a higher percentage of OWA gives a lower compressive strength and lower workability but higher performance in terms of durability against both different weather conditions and high temperatures.

Role of expanded clay aggregate, metakaolin and silica fume on the of modified lightweight concrete properties

Tawfik Taher A.,AlSaffar Doha M.,Tayeh Bassam A.,Metwally Khaled Ali,ElKattan Ibrahim M. 한국자원공학회 2021 Geosystem engineering Vol.24 No.3

This investigation aimed to assess the effect of micro-cementitious materials on the mechanical properties and sulphate resistance of modified eco-efficient lightweight concrete (MDLWC). A modified lightweight concrete (MDLWC) was produced by mixing Light-expanded clay aggregate (LECA) with normal coarse aggregate (dolomite cushed rock). The impact of using different percentage of micro-cementitious materials which was micro silica fume (5–20%) and metakaolin(10–35%) on the mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile and flexural strength), waves transmission velocity of the ultrasonic pulses and sulphate resistivity of MDLWC was studied. The overall results illustrated that the use of micro-cementitious materials in MDLWC caused an enhancement on MDLWC properties. However, the MDLWC specimens containing micro silica fume showed better results than metakaolin. The best results were observed while using samples containing 10% micro silica fume and 30 % metakaolin individually or combined. In addition, the usage of combined mixture of 10% micro silica fume and 30% metakaolin MDLWC mix showed the best improvement rate in compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths by 25, 53.3 and 66.6%, respectively, compared to control MDLWC specimens. On the other hand, the direct empirical equations were proposed on the basis of strong and nonlinear regression analysis using the test data to predict the mechanical properties of MDLWC relationships, rationally. Experimental tests were conducted on ultrasonic pulses velocity, which showed good correlation equation strength of MDLWC. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated that the pores of concrete is smaller for SF and MK individually or combined with MDLWC compared to the control concrete, demonstrating an enhancement within the interfacial microstructure with the pozzolanas incorporation. The previous difference could be explained due to the concrete strength and sulphate penetrability to an extent.

Bond behavior between concrete and prefabricated Ultra High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) plates

Walid Mansour,Mohammed A. Sakr,Ayman A. Seleemah,Bassam A. Tayeh,Tarek M. Khalifa 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.81 No.3

Externally bonded ultrahigh performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is commonly used as a strengthening material for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This study reports the results of an experimental program investigating the bonding behavior between concrete and prefabricated UHPFRC plates. The overall experimental program is consisting of five RC specimens, which are strengthened using the different lengths and widths of prefabricated UHPFRC plates. These specimens were analyzed using the pull-pull double-shear test. The performance of each strengthened specimen is presented, discussed and compared in terms of failure mode, maximum load, load-slip relationship, fracture energy and strain distribution. Specimen C- 25-160-300 which bonded along the whole width of 160 mm recorded the highest maximum load (109.2 kN) among all the analysed specimens. Moreover, a 3D numerical finite element model (FEM) is proposed to simulate the bond behavior between concrete and UHPFRC plates. Moreover, this study reviews the analytical models that can predict the relationship between the maximum bond stress and slip for strengthened concrete elements. The proposed FEM is verified against the experimental program and then used to test 36 RC specimens strengthened with prefabricated UHPFRC plates with different concrete grades and UHPFRC plate widths. The obtained results together with the review of analytical models helped in the formation of a design equation for estimating the bond stress between concrete and prefabricated UHPFRC plates.

Novel approach to improve nano green mortar behaviour using nano-paper waste with nano-metakaolin

Radwa Defalla Abdel, Hafez,Bassam A., Tayeh,Raghda Osama Abd-Al, Ftah,Khaled, Abdelsamie Techno-Press 2022 Advances in concrete construction Vol.14 No.5

Treatment of solid waste building materials is a crucial method of disposal and an area of ongoing research. New standards for the treatment of solid waste building materials are necessary due to multisource features, huge quantities, and complicated compositions of solid waste. In this research, sustainable nanomaterial mixtures containing nano-paper waste (NPW) and nano-metakaolin (NMK) were used as a substitute for Portland cement. Portland cement was replaced with different ratios of NPW and NMK (0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% by weight of cement) while the cement-to-water ratio remained constant at 0.4 in all mortar mixtures. The fresh properties had a positive effect on them, and with the increase in the percentage of replacement, the fresh properties decreased. The results of compressive strength at 7 and 28 days and flexural strength at 28 days show that the nanomaterials improved the strength, but the results of NMK were better than those of NPW. The best replacement rate was 8%, followed by 4%, and finally 12% for both materials. The combination of NMK and NPW as a replacement (12% NMK + 12% NPW) showed less shrinkage than the others because of the high pozzolanic reactivity of the nanomaterials. The combination of NMK and NPW improved the microstructure by increasing the hydration volume and lowering the water in the cement matrix, as clearly observed in the C-S-H decomposition.

Improving the brittle behavior of high-strength shielding concrete blended with lead oxide, bismuth oxide, and tungsten oxide nanoparticles against gamma ray

Mohamed Amin,Ahmad A. Hakamy,Abdullah M. Zeyad,Bassam A. Tayeh,Ibrahim Saad Agwa 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.85 No.1

High-strength shielding concrete against gamma radiation is a priority for many medical and industrial facilities. This paper aimed to investigate the gamma-ray shielding properties of high-strength hematite concrete mixed with silica fume (SF) with nanoparticles of lead dioxide (PbO2), tungsten oxide (WO3), and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). The effect of mixing steel fibres with the aforementioned binders was also investigated. The reference mixture was prepared for high-strength concrete (HSCC) containing 100% hematite coarse and fine aggregate. Thirteen mixtures containing 5% SF and nanoparticles of PbO2, WO3, and Bi2O3 (2%, 5%, and 7% of the cement mass, respectively) were prepared. Steel fibres were added at a volume ratio of 0.28% of the volume of concrete with 5% of nanoparticles. The slump test was conducted to workability of fresh concrete Unit weight water permeability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity tests were conducted to assess concrete’s engineering properties at 28 days. Gamma-ray radiation of 137Cs emits photons with an energy of 662 keV, and that of 60Co emits two photons with energies of 1173 and 1332 keV were applied on concrete specimens to assess radiation shielding properties. Nanoparticles partially replacing cement reduced slump in workability of fresh concrete. The compressive strength of mixtures, including nanoparticles was shown to be greater, achieving 94.5 MPa for the mixture consisting of 7.5 PbO2. In contrast, the mixture (5PbO2-F) containing steel fibres achieved the highest values for splitting tensile, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity (11.71, 15.97, and 42,840 MPa, respectively). High-strength shielded concrete (7.5PbO2) showed the best radiation protection. It also showed the minimum concrete thickness required to prevent the transmission of radiation.

Effectiveness of bond strength between normal concrete as substrate and latex-modified sand concrete reinforced with sisal fibers as a repair material

Oday Z. Jaradat,Karima Gadri,Bassam A. Tayeh,Ahmed M. Maglad,Abdelhamid Guettala Techno-Press 2023 Advances in concrete construction Vol.15 No.6

This study investigated the use of latex-modified sand concrete reinforced with sisal fibers (LMSC) as a repair material. Notably, no prior research has explored the application of LMSC for this purpose. This paper examines the interface bond strength and the type of failure between LMSC as a repair material and the normal concrete (NC) substrate utilising four different surfaces: without surface preparation as a reference (SR), hand hammer (HA), sandblasted (SB), and grooved (GR). The bond strength was measured by bi-surface shear, splitting tensile, and pull-off strength tests at 7, 28, and 90 days. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was also performed to study the microstructure of the interface between the normal concrete substrate and the latex-modified sand concrete reinforced with sisal fibers. The results of this study indicate that LMSC has bonding strength with NC, especially for HR and SB surfaces with high roughness. Therefore, substrate NC surface roughness is essential in increasing the bonding strength and adhesion. Eventually, The LMSC has the potential to repair and rehabilitate concrete structures.

Experimental Study of the Flexural Behaviour of RC Beams Made of Eco-friendly Sawdust Concrete and Strengthened by a Wooden Plate

Ahmed M. Maglad,Walid Mansour,Sabry Fayed,Bassam A. Tayeh,Ahmed M. Yosri,M. Hamad 한국콘크리트학회 2023 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.17 No.6

In this paper, the effectiveness of the strengthening by a wooden plate for reinforced concrete (RC) beams that incorporate waste sawdust (SD) as a partial substitute for fine aggregate (sand) has been investigated. To this end, two types of concrete mixtures were made: normal concrete (NC) and sawdust concrete (SDC), which was made by substituting 15% of the volume of sand with SD. Five RC beams (100 mm in depth, 200 mm in width, and 1500 mm in length) were experimentally tested for flexural behavior under four-point loading. Three strengthening schemes were used in this study. The first scheme used a wooden plate that was only fixed by an adhesive layer. The second and third schemes were applied by a wooden plate, which was fixed by an adhesive layer and steel angles (two and eleven angles). The findings of the study indicate that although the concrete's workability, compressive, and splitting tensile strengths were reduced with the addition of SD, the ultimate load of the beam with SD was lower than that of the control beam, with a slight variation of approximately 4%. Moreover, strengthening the RC beam with a wooden plate and two steel angles yielded the highest load capacity among all tested beams, 20% higher than the control specimen. The study's findings offered useful information for developing eco-friendly sawdust concrete beams with efficient strengthening techniques for potential future uses.

Experimental and numerical studies on flexural behavior of high strength concrete beams containing waste glass

Haido, James H.,Zainalabdeen, Marwa A.,Tayeh, Bassam A. Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.11 No.3

The behavior of concrete containing waste glass as a replacement of cement or aggregate was studied previously in the most of researches, but the present investigation focuses on the recycling of waste glass powder as a substitute for silica fume in high strength concrete (HSC). This endeavor deals with the efficiency of using waste glass powder, as an alternative for silica fume, in the flexural capacity of HSC beam. Thirteen members with dimensions of 0.3 m width, 0.15 m depth and 0.9 m span length were utilized in this work. A comparison study was performed considering HSC members and hybrid beams fabricated by HSC and conventional normal concrete (CC). In addition to the experiments on the influence of glass powder on flexural behavior, numerical analysis was implemented using nonlinear finite element approach to simulate the structural performance of the beams. Same constitutive relationships were selected to model the behavior of HSC with waste glass powder or silica fume to show the matching between the modeling outputs for beams made with these powders. The results showed that the loading capacity and ductility index of the HSC beams with waste glass powder demonstrated enhancing ultimate load and ductility compared with those of HSC specimens with silica fume. The study deduced that the recycled waste glass powder is a good alternative to the pozzolanic powder of silica fume.

Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Fracture Characteristics of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Ahmed M. Maglad,Walid Mansour,Bassam A. Tayeh,Mohamed Elmasry,Ahmed M. Yosri,Sabry Fayed 한국콘크리트학회 2024 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.18 No.1

Fracture parameters of fiber concrete (FC) are currently a hot research area. Fracture mechanics is the field of solid mechanics that helps to study the type and propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of calculating the driving force on a crack and characterizes the material's resistance to fracture. Behavioral characteristics are determined by crack mouth opening displacement and the load–deflection method. This research identifies the fracture parameters of 33 notched simply supported beams made by recycled aggregate cement concrete with steel fiber. The recycled aggregate ratio in concrete has been altered to determine the effect on the mechanical and fracture properties. For determining fracture parameters, a 3-point bending single-edge notched fracture test was used. The results indicated that the steel fiber-reinforced concrete made with recycled aggregate showed similar performance and fracture characteristics compared to normal concrete. Thus, adding steel fibers to various concrete mixes considerably improved the fracture characteristics, while the brittleness was reduced with increased steel fiber content. Linear regression analysis also showed the accuracy of mechanical strength results as the value of R-square was close to unity. Displacement, ultimate load, brittleness (B), fracture toughness (KIC), crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD), fracture energy (GF), modulus of elasticity (E), and characteristic length (lch), were determined for both conventional and recycled aggregate specimens. The “work of fracture"—by definition the formula—is the most reliable to calculate the fracture energy as the nonlinearity is related to the performance of FC.