Performance of a Large Language Model in the Generation of Clinical Guidelines for Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Spine Surgery

Bashar Zaidat,Nancy Shrestha,Ashley M. Rosenberg,Wasil Ahmed,Rami Rajjoub,Timothy Hoang,Mateo Restrepo Mejia,Akiro H. Duey,Justin E. Tang,Jun S. Kim,Samuel K. Cho 대한척추신경외과학회 2024 Neurospine Vol.21 No.1

Objective: Large language models, such as chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT), have great potential for streamlining medical processes and assisting physicians in clinical decision-making. This study aimed to assess the potential of ChatGPT’s 2 models (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.0) to support clinical decision-making by comparing its responses for antibiotic prophylaxis in spine surgery to accepted clinical guidelines. Methods: ChatGPT models were prompted with questions from the North American Spine Society (NASS) Evidence-based Clinical Guidelines for Multidisciplinary Spine Care for Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Spine Surgery (2013). Its responses were then compared and assessed for accuracy. Results: Of the 16 NASS guideline questions concerning antibiotic prophylaxis, 10 responses (62.5%) were accurate in ChatGPT’s GPT-3.5 model and 13 (81%) were accurate in GPT4.0. Twenty-five percent of GPT-3.5 answers were deemed as overly confident while 62.5% of GPT-4.0 answers directly used the NASS guideline as evidence for its response. Conclusion: ChatGPT demonstrated an impressive ability to accurately answer clinical questions. GPT-3.5 model’s performance was limited by its tendency to give overly confident responses and its inability to identify the most significant elements in its responses. GPT-4.0 model’s responses had higher accuracy and cited the NASS guideline as direct evidence many times. While GPT-4.0 is still far from perfect, it has shown an exceptional ability to extract the most relevant research available compared to GPT-3.5. Thus, while ChatGPT has shown far-reaching potential, scrutiny should still be exercised regarding its clinical use at this time.

Predictors of Esophageal Stricture Formation Post Endoscopic Mucosal Resection

Bashar Qumseya,Abraham M. Panossian,Cynthia Rizk,David Cangemi,Christianne Wolfsen,Massimo Raimondo,Timothy Woodward,Michael B. Wallace,Herbert Wolfsen 대한소화기내시경학회 2014 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.47 No.2

Background/Aims: Stricture formation is a common complication after endoscopic mucosal resection. Predictors of stricture formationhave not been well studied. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, descriptive study by using a prospective endoscopic mucosal resection databasein a tertiary referral center. For each patient, we extracted the age, sex, lesion size, use of ablative therapy, and detection of esophagealstrictures. The primary outcome was the presence of esophageal stricture at follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyzethe association between the primary outcome and predictors. Results: Of 136 patients, 27% (n=37) had esophageal strictures. Thirty-two percent (n=44) needed endoscopic dilation to relieve dysphagia(median, 2; range, 1 to 8). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the size of the lesion excised is associated with increasedodds of having a stricture (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.3; p=0.01), when controlling for age, sex, and ablativemodalities. Similarly, the number of lesions removed in the index procedure was associated with increased odds of developing a stricture(odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 4.2; p=0.007). Conclusions: Stricture formation after esophageal endoscopic mucosal resection is common. Risk factors for stricture formation includelarge mucosal resections and the resection of multiple lesions on the initial procedure.

Photodynamic Therapy for Barrett’s Esophagus and Esophageal Carcinoma

Bashar J. Qumseya,Waseem David,Herbert C. Wolfsen 대한소화기내시경학회 2013 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.46 No.1

This paper reviews the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal carcinoma. We describe the history of PDT, mechanics, photosensitizers for PDT in patients with esophageal disease. Finally, we discuss its utility and limitations in this setting.

Estimating a Seismic Wave Velocity for Exciting the Greatest Anticipated Vertical Deck Displacement of a Cable-Stayed Bridge Subjected to Asynchronous Excitation

Bashar Hariri,Lan Lin 한국콘크리트학회 2021 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the seismic wave velocity on vertical displacement of a cable-stayed bridge’s deck under asynchronous excitation. The Quincy Bayview Bridge located in Illinois, USA, and four other generic bridges are selected for the study. Ten records obtained from earthquakes in US, Japan, and Taiwan are used as input for the seismic excitation in the time-history analysis. Two equations are proposed in this study to determine a critical seismic wave velocity that would produce the greatest vertical deck displacement. The critical wave velocity depends on the total length of the bridge, the fundamental period of the bridge, and the C-factor. The C-factor in this study is 0.72, which is based on analyzed results from the five selected bridges. The two equations and the C-factor are verified through application on two 3-span cable-stayed bridges studied previously by Nazmy and Abdel-Ghaffar. The proposed C-factor of 0.72 is recommended for use for typical 3-span cable-stayed bridges with a side-to-main span ratio of about 0.48. The methodology developed in the study, however, can be applied to any specific bridge to examine the excitation of the deck vertical displacement under the longitudinal seismic ground motion.

The Volatility of Dow Jones Conventional and Islamic Indices: Does Covid-19 Pandemic Matter?

Bashar Yaser ALMANSOUR 대한산업공학회 2021 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.20 No.4

The pandemic of Covid-19 has affected the equity market to become highly volatile. This study aims to investigate the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) family models in forecasting the Dow Jones conventional and Islamic indices, and to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on both the Dow Jones conventional and Islamic indices. This study employs a time series of daily data over the period 2013 to 2021. The results show that the GARCH, TGARCH and EGARCH were the best models in predicting the Dow Jones indices. However, when the data is divided into sub-period, it is found that only TGARCH is the best model in forecasting Dow Jones indices. Interestingly, the findings show that bad and good news can significantly affect the conditional volatility of all Dow Jones conventional and Islamic indices returns. The findings of this study conclude that securities regulation depart-ment in the United States of America had captured the influence of corona pandemic. This is mainly because of the strong relationship between the fluctuation of the stock prices and the pandemic itself. Accordingly, the international investors should pay attention to prediction models which offers to utilize these results to adjust their investment counter position for the future volatility and employ hedging strategies during the corona pandemic.

Performance of ARCH and GARCH Models in Forecasting Cryptocurrency Market Volatility

Bashar Yaser Almansour,Muneer M. Alshater,Ammar Yaser Almansour 대한산업공학회 2021 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.20 No.2

The cryptocurrency market is highly volatile; this can be attributed to several factors such as being an emerging market that is purely digital and still evolving with many speculations taking place aligning with behavioural finance factors such as media and investors profile. This study aims to investigate the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) in forecasting selected 9 cryptocurrencies that represent over 80% of the total market capitalization. This study carries a time-series of daily data ranges from 2010 to 2020 base on each cryptocurrency starting date. The results show that the ARCH and GARCH have a significant effect in forecasting cryptocurrency market volatility which means that the past volatility of cryptocurrencies affects the current volatility of it. It also shows that bad and good news can significantly affect the conditional volatility of all cryptocurrencies returns. This study contributes to the investors’ understanding of the dynamics of the cryptocurrency market which enhances the ability to make informed decisions based on a scientific approach.

Digitalization of Trade in Free Trade Agreements with Reference to the WTO and the USMCA: A Closer Look

Bashar H. Malkawi 이준국제법연구원 2019 China and WTO Review Vol.5 No.1

Growth and Detachment of 5 Helix DNA Ribbons

Bashar, Saima,Hwang, Si Un,Lee, Junwye,Amin, Rashid,Dugasani, Sreekantha Reddy,Ha, Tai Hwan,Park, Sung Ha American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.16 No.4

<P>We report on the concentration-dependent surface-assisted growth and time-temperature dependent detachment of one-dimensional 5 helix DNA ribbons (5HR) on a mica substrate. The growth coverage ratio was determined by varying the concentration of the 5HR strands in a test tube, and the detachment rate of 5HR on mica was determined by varying the incubation time at a fixed temperature on a heat block. The topological changes in the concentration-dependent attachment and the time-temperature-dependent detachment for 5HR on mica were observed via atomic force microscopy. The observations indicate that 5HR started to grow on mica at similar to 10 nM and provided full coverage at similar to 50 nM. In contrast 5HR at 65 degrees C started to detach from mica after 5 min and was completely removed after 10 min, The growth and detachment coverage show a sinusoidal variation in the growth ratio and a linear variation with a rate of detachment of 20%/min, respectively. The physical parameters that control the stability of the DNA structures on a given substrate should be studied to successfully integrate DNA structures for physical and chemical applications.</P>

The Dynamic Connectedness between Cryptocurrencies and Foreign Exchange Rates: Evidence by TVP-VAR Approach

Bashar Yaser Almansour,Md Mohan Uddin,Sabri Elkrghli,Ammar Yaser ALMANSOUR 대한산업공학회 2023 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.22 No.3

We investigate the interconnectedness between major cryptocurrencies and foreign exchange rates. This study em-ploys time-series daily data for the cryptocurrencies and foreign exchange rates closing prices, the data is obtained from investing.com and yahoo finance to cover the period of 10 November 2017 to 18 January 2022. The study adopts the connectedness approach developed by Diebold Yilmaz (2014), using the TVP-VAR model to analyze twelve cryptocurrencies and eight foreign exchange rates. The results reveal a greater degree of connectedness across cryptocurrencies and foreign exchange rates over the whole sample, pre and during the corona pandemic, indicating that the Corona pandemic donates to the increase of volatility spillover across the currency and cryptocurrency mar-kets. The results further show that Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin, Bitcoin, TRON, Cardano and Ripple are the main transmitters of shocks to other cryptocurrencies. Moreover, the EUR/USD, AUD/USD and NZD/USD are the main transmitters of shocks to other foreign exchange rates. The study has significant implications for investors, and portfolio managers. Our results offer evidence to improve financial risk assessment, and portfolio hedging strategies of cryptocurrencies against the uncertainty raised by Covid-19 Pandemic, which our findings may support investors in properly rebalancing their portfolios as the level of uncertainty in the market changes

Trade in Oil and Export Restrictions: Taking the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to the WTO Court

( Bashar H Malkawi ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2012 The Asian Business Lawyer Vol.9 No.-