Genetic Structure Among Populations of Elymus burchan-buddae and E. nutans (Triticeae; Poaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Xue-Bing Yan,Cheng-zhang Wang,Yu-Xia Guo,Bao-Rong Lu 한국초지조사료학회 2009 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.08

Genetic structure of 22 populations of two self-pollinating pasture species, Elymus nutans and E. burchan-buddae collected from various altitudes of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was studied using fluorescence-based amplified fragment length polymorphism technique. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 42.97% and 37.63% among-population variation for the two Elymus species, respectively, indicating that the majority of the total variation presented within populations. This result contradicts the common genetic variation pattern for a selfing plant species: lower generic variation within populations. STRUCTURE analyses of the Elymus populations indicated an evident admixture genetic structure, particularly among neighboring populations from the same region, supporting the hypothesis of considerable seed dispersal among populations. The among-population gene flow promulgated by grazing animals may promote the maintenance of genetic diversity in the pasture species, particularly in small and fragmented populations within a given region. The gene flow promulgated by grazing animals may promote the maintenance of genetic diversity in the pasture species, particularly in small and fragmented populations within a given region.

Rapamycin Inhibits Expression of Elongation of Very-long-chain Fatty Acids 1 and Synthesis of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Guo, Zhixin,Wang, Yanfeng,Feng, Xue,Bao, Chaogetu,He, Qiburi,Bao, Lili,Hao, Huifang,Wang, Zhigang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.11

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism and is sufficient to induce specific metabolic processes, including de novo lipid biosynthesis. Elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids 1 (ELOVL1) is a ubiquitously expressed gene and the product of which was thought to be associated with elongation of carbon (C) chain in fatty acids. In the present study, we examined the effects of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTORC1, on ELOVL1 expression and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3) synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). We found that rapamycin decreased the relative abundance of ELOVL1 mRNA, ELOVL1 expression and the level of DHA in a time-dependent manner. These data indicate that ELOVL1 expression and DHA synthesis are regulated by mTORC1 in BMECs.

Verticillium Wilt of Okra Caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. in China

( Wen-xue Yan ),( Yan-xia Shi ),( A-li Chai ),( Xue-wen Xie ),( Men-yan Guo ),( Bao-ju Li ) 한국균학회 2018 Mycobiology Vol.46 No.3

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) has gained more popularity as an economically significant plant for its nutritional and medicinal value, especially in China. During 2014-2016, the root disease of okra was discovered in four okra commercial fields surveyed in China. A fungul was isolated from the infected tissues, and was identified by Verticillium dahliae based on morphological characteristics. Pathogenicity test demonstrated that the fungus was pathogenic on okra, and fulfilled Koch’s postulates. The analysis of three sequences revealed 99-100% identity with the reported V. dahliae strain in GenBank. Neighbor-joining analysis of the gene sequences revealed that the representative isolates were clustered with V. dahliae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Verticillium wilt of okra in China.

Xylaroisopimaranin A, a New Isopimarane Derivative from an Endophytic Fungus Xylaralyce sp.

Shang-Song Bao,Hui-Hui Liu,Xue-Qing Zhang,Cheng-Xiong Liu,Xiao-Cong Li,Zhi-Yong Guo 한국생약학회 2019 Natural Product Sciences Vol.25 No.3

Five secondary metabolites, including a new isopimarane derivative xylaroisopimaranin A (1), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaralyce sp. (HM-1), and their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR, MS and CD spectra. Their bioactivities were performed to antibacterial, Hep G2 cells cytotoxicity and brine shrimp inhibition. The biological evaluation results showed that the xylaroisopimaranin A (1), xylabisboein B (2), griseofulvin (3) , 5-methylmellein (4) and mellein-5-carboxlic acid (5) displayed no significant Hep G2 cells cytotoxicity and antibacterial acitivity, but they inhibited the brine shrimp with IC50 from 0.5 to 25 μmol/mL.

Baicalin attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in rats by modulating the Th17/Treg paradigm

Ying Zou,Shi-Xue Dai,Hong-Gang Chi,Tao Li,Zhi-Wei He,Jian Wang,Cai-Guo Ye,Guo-Liang Huang,Bing Zhao,Wen-Yang Li,Zheng Wan,Jin-Shan Feng,Xue-Bao Zheng 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.10

Baicalin, a flavonoid, has a wide range ofpharmacological properties, including immunomodulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect ofbaicalin on the balance of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatoryT (Treg) cells in a colitis model. The rat colitis modelwas induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS). Baicalin (10 ml/kg, each) or mesalazine (positivecontrol) was then administered orally for 7 days. Inflammatoryand immunological responses were evaluated bypathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-timepolymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and flowcytometry. Our study showed that baicalin not only significantlyattenuated TNBS-induced colitis by reducing thedisease activity index as well as macroscopic and microscopicscores, but it also improved the weight loss andshortening of the colon. Baicalin treatment also induced asignificant decrease in the levels of inflammatory mediators,including the myeloperoxidase activity, the levels oftumor necrosis factor a, IL-1b, and Th1-related cytokinesIL-12 and IFN-c. Furthermore, the beneficial effects ofbaicalin seem to be associated with regulation of the Th17and Treg paradigm. We found that administration ofbaicalin significantly downregulated the number of Th17cells and the levels of Th17-related cytokines (IL-17 andIL-6) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor ct. In contrast, there was an increase in Treg cells numbers,Treg-related cytokines transforming growth factor-b andIL-10, and forkhead box P3. Our results suggest that theanti-inflammatory effect of baicalin may be linked tomodulation of the balance between Th17 and Treg cells inTNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.

Genome-wide analysis of codon usage bias patterns in an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 strain

Ri Wei Xia,Wen Bin Bao,Xue Mei Yin,Wei Yun Qin,Guo Qiang Zhu,Sheng Long Wu 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.11

Enterogenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18 strains are the main pathogenic bacteria causing severe diarrhea in humans and domestic animals. However, the information about synonymous codon usage pattern of ETEC F18 genome remains unclear. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in the ETEC F18 strain SRA: SAMN02471895. After filtering of the complete genome sequence, 4327 coding sequences were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods to calculate synonymous codon usage patterns and to evaluate the influence of various factors in shaping the codon usage. The mean GC content was 51.38%, with a slight preference for G/C-ending codons. Twenty-two codons were determined as ‘‘optimal codons”. ENC plots showed some of the genes were on or close to the expected curve, while only points with low-ENC values were below the curve. PR2 analysis showed that GC and AT were not used proportionally, suggesting major roles for mutational pressure and natural selection in shaping usage. Neutrality plots showed a significant correlation between GC12 and GC3, suggesting that mutational pressure is responsible for nucleotide composition in shaping the strength of codon usage. Translational selection was the main factor shaping the codon usage pattern of ETEC F18 genome, while other factors such as protein length, GRAVY and ARO values also influenced codon usage to some extent. We analyzed the codon usage pattern systematically and identified the factors shaping codon usage bias in the ETEC F18 genome. Such information further elucidates the mechanisms of synonymous codon usage bias and provides the basis of molecular genetic engineering and evolutionary studies.

Selection of Reference Genes for Real-time Quantitative PCR Normalization in the Process of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici Infecting Wheat

Xie, Li-hua,Quan, Xin,Zhang, Jie,Yang, Yan-yan,Sun, Run-hong,Xia, Ming-cong,Xue, Bao-guo,Wu, Chao,Han, Xiao-yun,Xue, Ya-nan,Yang, Li-rong The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.1

Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is a soil borne pathogenic fungus associated with wheat roots. The accurate quantification of gene expression during the process of infection might be helpful to understand the pathogenic molecular mechanism. However, this method requires suitable reference genes for transcript normalization. In this study, nine candidate reference genes were chosen, and the specificity of the primers were investigated by melting curves of PCR products. The expression stability of these nine candidates was determined with three programs-geNorm, Norm Finder, and Best Keeper. $TUB{\beta}$ was identified as the most stable reference gene. Furthermore, the exopolygalacturonase gene (ExoPG) was selected to verify the reliability of $TUB{\beta}$ expression. The expression profile of ExoPG assessed using $TUB{\beta}$ agreed with the results of digital gene expression analysis by RNA-Seq. This study is the first systematic exploration of the optimal reference genes in the infection process of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.

Selection of Reference Genes for Real-time Quantitative PCR Normalization in the Process of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici Infecting Wheat

Li-hua Xie,Xin Quan,Jie Zhang,Yan-yan Yang,Run-hong Sun,Ming-cong Xia,Bao-guo Xue,Chao Wu,Xiao-yun Han,Ya-nan Xue,Li-rong Yang 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.1

Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is a soil borne pathogenic fungus associated with wheat roots. The accurate quantification of gene expression during the process of infection might be helpful to understand the pathogenic molecular mechanism. However, this method requires suitable reference genes for transcript normalization. In this study, nine candidate reference genes were chosen, and the specificity of the primers were investigated by melting curves of PCR products. The expression stability of these nine candidates was determined with three programs-geNorm, Norm Finder, and Best Keeper. TUBβ was identified as the most stable reference gene. Furthermore, the exopolygalacturonase gene (ExoPG) was selected to verify the reliability of TUBβ expression. The expression profile of ExoPG assessed using TUBβ agreed with the results of digital gene expression analysis by RNA-Seq. This study is the first systematic exploration of the optimal reference genes in the infection process of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.