Glucosamine induces cell death via proteasome inhibition in human ALVA41 prostate cancer cell

Bao-Qin Liu,Hua-Qin Wang,Xin Meng,Chao Li,Yan-Yan Gao,Ning Li,Xiao-Fang Niu,Yifu Guan 생화학분자생물학회 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.9

Glucosamine, a naturally occurring amino monosaccharide,has been reported to play a role in the regulation of apoptosis more than half century. However the effect of glucosamine on tumor cells and the involved molecular mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. Glucosamine enters the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) downstream of the rate-limiting step catalyzed by the GFAT (glutamine:fluctose-6-phosphate amidotransferase), providing UDPGlcNAc substrates for O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein modification. Considering that O-GlcNAc modification of proteasome subunits inhibits its activity, we examined whether glucosamine induces growth inhibition via affecting proteasomal activity. In the present study, we found glucosamine inhibited proteasomal activity and the proliferation of ALVA41 prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of proteasomal activity results in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, followed by induction of apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrated that glucosamine downregulated proteasome activator PA28γ and overexpression of PA28γ rescued the proteasomal activity and growth inhibition mediated by glucosamine. We further demonstrated that inhibition of O-GlcNAc abrogated PA28γ suppression induced by glucosamine. These findings suggest that glucosamine may inhibit growth of ALVA41 cancer cells through downregulation of PA28γ and inhibition of proteasomal activity via O-GlcNAc modification.

Glucosamine induces cell death $via$ proteasome inhibition in human ALVA41 prostate cancer cell

Liu, Bao-Qin,Meng, Xin,Li, Chao,Gao, Yan-Yan,Li, Ning,Niu, Xiao-Fang,Guan, Yifu,Wang, Hua-Qin Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.9

Glucosamine, a naturally occurring amino monosaccharide, has been reported to play a role in the regulation of apoptosis more than half century. However the effect of glucosamine on tumor cells and the involved molecular mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. Glucosamine enters the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) downstream of the rate-limiting step catalyzed by the GFAT (glutamine:fluctose- 6-phosphate amidotransferase), providing UDP-GlcNAc substrates for O-linked ${\beta}$-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein modification. Considering that O-GlcNAc modification of proteasome subunits inhibits its activity, we examined whether glucosamine induces growth inhibition $via$ affecting proteasomal activity. In the present study, we found glucosamine inhibited proteasomal activity and the proliferation of ALVA41 prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of proteasomal activity results in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, followed by induction of apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrated that glucosamine downregulated proteasome activator $PA28{\gamma}$ and overexpression of $PA28{\gamma}$ rescued the proteasomal activity and growth inhibition mediated by glucosamine. We further demonstrated that inhibition of O-GlcNAc abrogated $PA28{\gamma}$ suppression induced by glucosamine. These findings suggest that glucosamine may inhibit growth of ALVA41 cancer cells through downregulation of $PA28{\gamma}$ and inhibition of proteasomal activity via O-GlcNAc modification.

Expression of Cdc25B mRNA in Duodenal Mucosa of Chicken

Qin, Junhui,Zhang, Hui,Bao, Huijun,Zhou, Qiang,Liu, Yi,Xu, Chunsheng,Chu, Xiaohong,Chen, Qiusheng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.4

Cdc25B is a mitotic regulator that might act as a starter phosphatase to initiate the positive feedback loop at the entry into mitotic (M) phase. In the present study, distribution of Cdc25B mRNA in duodenal mucosa of the chicken was demonstrated by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) using sense and antisense digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled RNA probes. The results showed that there were many labeled cells distributing in the duodenal mucosa of the adult chicken. Of these labeled cells, 81.60${\pm}$9.63% of Cdc25B mRNA positive cells was distributed in the basilar part and mid-portion of the intestinal gland and 36.21${\pm}$8.81% in the middle and basilar portion of villi of the small intestine of the chicken, respectively. Most of these labeled cells were positive in the regions of the stem cell and proliferation. The signals of ISHH decreased from basilar to upper part in the crypt of Lieberkuhn and weakened in the inferior villi of the duodenum. Moreover, the positive signals were both in the cytoplasm and cell nucleus. However, the labeled cells were negative in both the lamina muscularis mucosae and muscular layer. The results of ISHH suggested the existence of Cdc25B mRNA and vigorous proliferation activities in the duodenal mucosa of adult chicken, replenishing the cells which had sloughed off from the superior part of the villus. Our results provide some molecular evidence for a regular pattern of avian intestinal epitheliosis and functional partition and provide an approach to further study of the locations of Cdc25B in the chicken.

Gene Microarray Assessment of Multiple Genes and Signal Pathways Involved in Androgen-dependent Prostate Cancer Becoming Androgen Independent

Liu, Jun-Bao,Dai, Chun-Mei,Su, Xiao-Yun,Cao, Lu,Qin, Rui,Kong, Qing-Bo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

To study the gene expression change and possible signal pathway during androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) becoming androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), an LNCaP cell model of AIPC was established using flutamide in combination with androgen-free environment inducement, and differential expression genes were screened by microarray. Then the biological process, molecular function and KEGG pathway of differential expression genes are analyzed by Molecule Annotation System (MAS). By comparison of 12,207 expression genes, 347 expression genes were acquired, of which 156 were up-ragulated and 191 down-regulated. After analyzing the biological process and molecule function of differential expression genes, these genes are found to play crucial roles in cell proliferation, differntiation, cell cycle control, protein metabolism and modification and other biological process, serve as signal molecules, enzymes, peptide hormones, cytokines, cytoskeletal proteins and adhesion molecules. The analysis of KEGG show that the relevant genes of AIPC transformation participate in glutathione metabolism, cell cycle, P53 signal pathway, cytochrome P450 metabolism, Hedgehog signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, adipocytokines signal pathway, PPAR signal pathway, TGF-${\beta}$ signal pathway and JAK-STAT signal pathway. In conclusion, during the process of ADPC becoming AIPC, it is not only one specific gene or pathway, but multiple genes and pathways that change. The findings above lay the foundation for study of AIPC mechanism and development of AIPC targeting drugs.

Structural, photoluminescent, and dielectric properties of Eu3+-doped Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films

Ling Liu,Ni Qin,Dinghua Bao 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.6

Eu3+-doped Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films were prepared by a chemical solution deposition method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence and dielectric measurements. The thin films were well crystallized with a pure perovskite structure. A contraction of the unit cell was observed upon incorporation of Eu3+ ions below 2 mol%, while an expansion occurred as the Eu3+ concentration was further increased above 2 mol%, indicating that Eu3+ ions with different concentrations occupied different lattice sites. Photoluminescence spectra showed two prominent transitions of Eu3+ ions at 594 nm (5D0→7F1) and 618 nm (5D0→7F2) upon excitation at 395 nm (7F0→5L6). There existed two quenching concentrations at 2 mol% and 4 mol% due to different lattice sites of the Eu3+ ions. We also investigated the dielectric properties of the thin films. Our study suggests that Eu3+-doped Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films have potential applications in multifunctional optoelectronic devices.

The Expression Patterns of Cdc25A, Cdc25B, Sox2 and Mnb in Central Nervous System in Early Chicken Embryos

Zhang, Hui,Qin, Junhui,Cao, Jingjing,Hei, Nainan,Xu, Chunsheng,Yang, Ping,Liu, Haili,Chu, Xiaohong,Bao, Huijun,Chen, Qiusheng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.6

The sense and antisense digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes of four genes, Cdc25A, Cdc25B, Sox2 and Mnb, were produced by using SP6 and T7 RNA polymerases, respectively, and in vitro transcription. Expression patterns of the four genes were detected by in situ hybridization in HH (Hamburger and Hamilton) stage 10 chick embryos. In general, expression patterns of the four genes were similar. mRNA of the four genes was mostly restricted to the entire CNS (central nervous system). All were confined to an identical region, neural tube, neural groove and caudal neural plate, corresponding to the notochord or spinal cord, but there was some distinction in specific region or in concentration, for example in somites. The overlap in expression at the same developmental stage in the CNS suggests that the four genes may be functional similar or related in CNS development. Expression patterns of the four genes support specific roles of these regulators in the developing CNS.

Role of IL-18 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms, Serum IL-18 Levels, and Risk of Hepatitis B Virus-related Liver Disease in the Guangxi Zhuang Population: a Retrospective Case-Control Study

Lu, Yu,Bao, Jin-Gui,Deng, Yan,Rong, Cheng-Zhi,Liu, Yan-Qiong,Huang, Xiu-Li,Song, Liu-Ying,Li, Shan,Qin, Xue Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and HBV-related diseases and whether these polymorphisms influence its expression in the Guangxi Zhuang population. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 129 chronic HBV infected (CHB) patients, 86 HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and 160 healthy controls in our study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were used to detect IL-18 gene -607C/A, -137G/C polymorphisms, and an ELISA kit was employed to determine serum IL-18 levels. Results: No correlation was found between the -607C/A polymorphism and risk of HBV-related disease. For the -137G/C polymorphism, the GC genotype and C allele were associated with a significantly lower risk of CHB (95%CI: 0.32-0.95, p=0.034 and 95%CI: 0.35-0.91, p=0.018) and HBV-related LC (95%CI: 0.24-0.89, p=0.022 and 95%CI: 0.28-0.90, p=0.021). A similar decreased risk was also found with the A-607C-137 haplotype. With respect to IL-18 expression, it was significantly lower in both patient groups, but no association was noted between the two polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene and its expression. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the -137C allele in the IL-18 gene may be a protective factor for HBV-related disease, and serum IL-18 level may be inversely associated with CHB and HBV-related LC.

Differential effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus and subsequent osteoblastic βcatenin activation on trabecular and cortical bone in a mouse model

Sixu Chen,Daocheng Liu,Sihao He,Lei Yang,Quanwei Bao,Hao Qin,Huayu Liu,Yufeng Zhao,Zhaowen Zong 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a pathological condition associated with osteopenia. WNT/β-catenin signaling is implicated in this process. Trabecular and cortical bone respond differently to WNT/β-catenin signaling in healthy mice. We investigated whether this signaling has different effects on trabecular and cortical bone in T1DM. We first established a streptozotocin-induced T1DM mouse model and then constitutively activated β-catenin in osteoblasts in the setting of T1DM (T1-CA). The extent of bone loss was greater in trabecular bone than that in cortical bone in T1DM mice, and this difference was consistent with the reduction in the expression of β-catenin signaling in the two bone compartments. Further experiments demonstrated that in T1DM mice, trabecular bone showed lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) than the levels in cortical bone, leading to lower WNT/β-catenin signaling activity through the inhibition of the IGF-1R/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway. After β-catenin was activated in T1-CA mice, the bone mass and bone strength increased to substantially greater extents in trabecular bone than those in cortical bone. In addition, the cortical bone of the T1-CA mice displayed an unexpected increase in bone porosity, with increased bone resorption. The downregulated expression of WNT16 might be responsible for these cortical bone changes. In conclusion, we found that although the activation of WNT/ β-catenin signaling increased the trabecular bone mass and bone strength in T1DM mice, it also increased the cortical bone porosity, impairing the bone strength. These findings should be considered in the future treatment of T1DM-related osteopenia.

A Modifi ed Virtual Generator Control for DC Microgrid with Improved Dynamic Characteristics of DC Bus Voltage and Enhanced current Sharing Effect

Zhang Han-Wen,Zhang Qin-Jin,Liu Yan-Cheng,Wang Hong-Lai,Hu Wang-Bao 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.6

Traditional virtual DC motor control can suppress the bus voltage fl uctuations caused by load power mutations and distributed generation fl uctuations. However, the dynamic response is poor and the load current sharing cannot be adjusted. Thus, a modifi ed virtual DC generator control strategy is proposed, which combines the average current controller with the virtual DC generator to enhance current sharing eff ect. The adaptive regulation equations of inertia coeffi cient and damping coeffi cient are elaborated simultaneously to improve the system dynamic characteristics. Then the infl uence of key control parameters on system stability is analyzed by establishing the small signal model. Finally, simulations and a StarSim HIL experimental platform of DC microgrid are built. The results show that the proposed method can eff ectively suppress the DC bus voltage fl uctuations and enable them to have a better dynamic response, while realizing the accurate current sharing.

Involvement of MicroRNA-198 Overexpression in the Poor Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer

Qi, Bo,Yao, Wen-Jian,Zhao, Bao-Sheng,Qin, Xiu-Guang,Wang, Yi,Wang, Wen-Ju,Wang, Tian-Yun,Liu, Shang-Guo,Li, Han-Chen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.9

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the miR-198 expression level is related to clinicopathological factors and prognosis of esophageal cancer. Methods: MicroRNA was extracted from esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery for assessment using the Taqman@ MicroRNA assay. The correlation between miR-198 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed, and the significance of miR-198 as a prognostic factor and its relationship with survival was determined. Results: MicroRNA-198 (miR-198) expression was higher in patients with poor prognosis than those with good prognosis (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed that the miR-198 expression level had a significant correlation with survival time (P=0.030) and that patients with a higher expression of miR-198 had a shorter survival time. Cox multi-factor model analysis showed that patient prognosis (P=0.014), tumor length (P=0.040) and expression (P=0.012), and survival time had a significant correlation; the corresponding risks were 7.268, 1.246, and 3.524, respectively. Conclusion: miR-198 overexpression is involved in the poor prognosis of esophageal cancer and can be used as a biomarker for selection of cases requiring especial attention.