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방호열(Ho Yeol Bang) 한국국제통상학회 2000 국제통상연구 Vol.5 No.2
Whether local managerial systems and practices converge into the global standard is a very interesting and important question. As a first step to answer this question, this study examines the differences and similarities between Korean and Taiwanese small and medium-sized firms. Comparative analysis focuses to the variables related with internationalization process. They includes corporate culture(international orientation, problem solving behavior), human resources management system, strategy types and competitive advantages. And it examines whether or not fitness among corporate culture, strategy types, competitive advantages is achieved. Then the impact of fitness on performance is examined. According to strategic management literatures, strong fitness leads to higher performance. Empirical testing of four hypotheses uses data collected by means of direct interviews and a questionnaire survey. The major findings of this comparative study is as follows. Even though the hypotheses are partially accepted, the results indicate that firms with fitted resources with fitted strategies perform better than unfitted ones. The most interest finding is the fitness between two cultural dimensions which are international orientation and problem solving behavior.
방호열(Ho Yeol Bang) 한국국제통상학회 1998 국제통상연구 Vol.3 No.2
Conventional foreign direct investment(FDI) theories assume that ownership of firm-specific assets motives FDI to exploit them in foreign markets. Conventional theories, therefore, can not explain how Korean firms which did not own strong firm-specific assets overcame their organizational weakness and entry barriers to foreign markets, and how they created subsidiaries` competitive advantages. Strategic linkage theory and network approach can complement the conventional theories by explaining that Korean firms could overcame their weakness by exploiting foreign network resources. This paper contends FDI is a strategic means to gain access to foreign network resources. We tried to classify the types of Korean firms` international strategies and their implications for performance. We could not find empirical evidence to support our hypotheses that international strategies for strengthening strategic linkage give positive effects on performance.
한국 중소기업의 모방적 해외직접투자: 사회적 영향과정을 중심으로
방호열 ( Bang Ho Yeol ) 한국국제통상학회 2003 국제통상연구 Vol.8 No.1
The weakness of small and medium sized firms(SMFs) become more saliant on entering the international market place. The shortage of resource and information of SMFs makes their managers face the greater uncertain environment. The previous studies show that the conventional theory was not satisfactory in explaining Korean SMFs` foreign direct investment. In this paper a new conceptual framework was developed to explain the Korean SMFs` foreign direct investment. The framework was based on both the network(or relational) view and social influence perspective. The foreign direct investment of a SMF can be decided as a result of imitating the first mover`s action. This imitating decision making has merit and can be a second best choice for managers who do not have enough information to make the right decision. The conceptual framework theorized this imitation behavior into two separate but interrelated processes. Five hypothesis were developed, and tested using the data collected through the questionnaire method.
방호열 ( Ho Yeol Bang ) 한국국제경영학회 1996 國際經營硏究 Vol.7 No.1
전략경영의 관점에서 볼 때, 해외시장진입방식의 선택문제를 설명해 주는 기존의 모형들은 경영자가 당면하는 보다 현실적인 문제, 즉 의사결정의 결과로 얻게 되는 성과가 무엇이며, 원하는 성과를 얻기 위해 선택한 진입방식을 어떻게 관리해야 하는가 하는 문제에 대해 만족할 만한 설명을 할 수가 없다. 기존의 선택모형은 기업의 내부환경과 외부환경에 따라 이익(효율성)의 극대화 가능성이 가장 높은 진입방식을 사전적으로 연결시켜 주는데 그치며, 이러한 가능성이 실제 이익(효율성)의 극대화로 실현되는 과정에 대해 설명할 수가 없다. 그리고 그 동안의 연구는 학자들의 관심분야와 학문적 배경에 따라 다르게 진행되었기 때문에 학제적인 접근법(interdisciplinary approach)을 통해 기존의 연구결과를 통합해야 할 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 해외시장진입방식의 전략적 모형을 통해 기존의 선택모형이 가지고 있는 한계점을 보완하고자 하였다. 전략적 모형은 해외시장진입방식의 선택모형과 전략경영을 결합한 모형이다. 해외시장진입방식의 선택을 설명하는 이론을 성과와 연관시킴으로써 경영자가 당면하는 문제에 대해 보다 나은 답을 제공할 수 있다. 한편 전략경영분야에서는 그 동안 해외시장진입방식이 기업의 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 관심을 가지지 않았다. 이런 점에서 볼 때 전략적 모형은 기업의 성과에 관심을 가지는 전략경영분야에도 보다 풍부한 연구문제를 제시해 줄 가능성이 있다.