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Pulse TIG welding: Process, Automation and Control
Baghel, P.K.,Nagesh, D.S. The Korean Welding and Joining Society 2017 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Pulse TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding is often considered the most difficult of all the welding processes commonly used in industry. Because the welder must maintain a short arc length, great care and skill are required to prevent contact between the electrode and the workpiece. Pulse TIG welding is most commonly used to weld thin sections of stainless steel, non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium and copper alloys. It is significantly slower than most other welding techniques and comparatively more complex and difficult to master as it requires greater welder dexterity than MIG or stick welding. The problems associated with manual TIG welding includes undercutting, tungsten inclusions, porosity, Heat affected zone cracks and also the adverse effect on health of welding gun operator due to amount of tungsten fumes produced during the welding process. This brings the necessity of automation. Hence, In this paper an attempt has been made to build a customerized setup of Pulse TIG welding based on through review of Pulse TIG welding parameters. The cost associated for making automated TIG is found to be low as compared to SPM (Special Purpose machines) available in the market.
Baghel, Kavita,Kazmi, Hasan Raza,Raj, Saloni,Chandra, Abhijit,Srivastava, Rajeshwar Nath Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1
Background: Maspin expression is a potential prognostic factor for various malignancies but its relation with gallbladder cancer is unknown and needs to be investigated needs to be investigated. We therefore here focused on maspin mRNA expression in normal, gall stone disease and gallbladder cancer subjects, with particular attention to prognostic importance in individuals with malignancies. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. Gallbladder samples from normal (n=25), gall stone disease (n=25) and cancer patients (n=38) were analysed for maspin mRNA expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative real time PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Students t test or ANOVA. Survival analysis was conducted according to the Kaplan-Meier method and correlations were assessed using the Pearson correlation method. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant increase (p=0.028) in expression of maspin mRNA was observed in gallbladder cancer as compared to gall stone disease, whereas no expression was found in normal tissues. Significant correlation (Pearson's coefficient(r)=-0.798, p<0.0001) was observed between relative quantification of maspin mRNA and survival of cancer patients after surgery, with significantly shorter (p=0.002) survival in patients having relative quantification >1.5 as compared to those having relative quantification <1.5. Similarly, significant differences in patient survival for maspin mRNA expression was observed for stage II (p=0.025) and III (p=0.011) cancer. Conclusions: Higher expression of maspin mRNA in gallbladder cancer has prognostic significance for stage II and III cancer, which needs to be investigated further.
A Comprehensive Understanding of Model Lipid Membranes: Concepts to Applications
Sonam Baghel,Monika Khurana 대한화학회 2023 대한화학회지 Vol.67 No.2
The cell membrane, also known as the biological membrane, surrounds every living cell. The main components of cell membranes are lipids and therefore called as lipid membranes. These membranes are mainly made up of a two-dimensional lipid bilayer along with integral and peripheral proteins. The complex nature of lipid membranes makes it difficult to study and hence artificial lipid membranes are prepared which mimic the original lipid membranes. These artificial lipid membranes are prepared from phospholipid vesicles (liposomes). The liposomes are formed when self-forming phospholipid bilayer comes in contact with water. Liposomes can be unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles which comprises of phospholipids that can be pro- duced naturally or synthetically. The phospholipids are non-toxic, biodegradable and are readily produced on a large scale. These liposomes are mostly used in the drug delivery systems. This paper offers comprehensive literature with insights on developing basic understanding of lipid membranes from its structure, organization, and phase behavior to its potential use in biomedical applications. The progress in the field of artificial membrane models considering methods of preparation of liposomes for mim- icking lipid membranes, interactions between the lipid membranes, and characterizing techniques such as UV-visible, FTIR, Cal- orimetry and X-ray diffraction are explained in a concise manner.
Kuldeep Baghel,ZAHRA,Jinkee Lee 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.11
Understanding heat transfer characteristics of sheet metal is of practical importance in sheet metal rolling operation to ensure strength and quality of final product. We present a numerical study of free surface planar liquid jet impingement on a uniformly heated moving surface. Scale adaptive simulation (SAS) for turbulent flow and volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to capture the liquid-air interface. The computational domain was divided into two parts to carry out 3D simulations, then results of separate domains were superimposed to resolve boundary conditions. A parametric study considered three different jet Reynolds numbers of 4000, 8000 and 12000. Four different surface to jet velocity ratios, u s /u j , were considered. We focused on studying interfacial flow characteristics, turbulence intensity variations, and their relation to heat transfer. Splitting the domain into two parts and superimposing results as boundary conditions resulted in a reasonable accuracy and reduced computation cost. We observed that gravity significantly affects interfacial structures at Reynolds number of 4000. As surface velocity increases, the heat removal rate from the impingement surface in the direction of plate motion increases. However, contrasting trends are observed in the reverse direction despite increased turbulence fluctuations with surface velocity.
( Mahendra Baghele ),( Shubhi Mishra ),( Victor Benno Meyer-rochow ),( Chuleui Jung ),( Sampat Ghosh ) 한국잠사학회 2021 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.43 No.2
We explored the indigenous local knowledge associated with the use of snails by Baiga people in Baihar tehsil of Balaghat district in central India through interview with a semi-structured questionnaire. Results revealed that Baiga people widely accept snails of 3-5 morpho-groups belonging to Ampullariidae, and Viviparidae family as food. Besides, use of snail as therapeutic agents for ailments like body ache, joint pain, digestion, weakness of bones etc. were found common. Hand-picking of snails from the wild environments as well as agriculture field was the primary way of harvesting edible snails. We advocate the development of a farming system for the continuous supply of snails as a food resource, advancement of scientific investigation of functional properties of them, economic progress of the region and therefore the overall sustainability.
P. K. Baghel,D. S. Nagesh 대한용접·접합학회 2017 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Pulse TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding is often considered the most difficult of all the welding processes commonly used in industry. Because the welder must maintain a short arc length, great care and skill are required to prevent contact between the electrode and the workpiece. Pulse TIG welding is most commonly used to weld thin sections of stainless steel, non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium and copper alloys. It is significantly slower than most other welding techniques and comparatively more complex and difficult to master as it requires greater welder dexterity than MIG or stick welding. The problems associated with manual TIG welding includes undercutting, tungsten inclusions, porosity, Heat affected zone cracks and also the adverse effect on health of welding gun operator due to amount of tungsten fumes produced during the welding process. This brings the necessity of automation. Hence, In this paper an attempt has been made to build a customerized setup of Pulse TIG welding based on through review of Pulse TIG welding parameters. The cost associated for making automated TIG is found to be low as compared to SPM (Special Purpose machines) available in the market.