Effects of active drinking practices on fluid consumption and sweat rate while exercising in a hot environment

( Youn Sun Son ),( Bong Yeon Hwang ),( Dae Taek Lee ),( Yoon Jung Bae ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Youn Sun Son, Bong Yeon Hwang, Dae Taek Lee and Yoon Jung Bae. Effects of active drinking practices on fluid consumptionand sweat rate while exercising in a hot environment. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.215-223, 2014 [Purpose]To examine the effectsof active drinking practices on fluid consumption and sweat rate while exercising in a hot environment. [Methods]Nine mencompleted two experiments. Each consisted of 3 phases: pre-testing (pre), training period, and post-testing (post). During testing,the subjects ran on a treadmill at a moderate intensity for 90 min at 39 ± 1℃ followed by a 3-h recovery. They drank ad libitum. During training, they ran for 90 min for 7 days while either drinking actively (AH, 150% of weight loss) or passively (PH,50% of weight loss). [Results]The actual volume consumed in training was three times greater during AH than during PH. Inpost during AH, the volume of drinking was two times greater than pre (1592 ± 953 and 855 ± 551 mL, respectively; p < 0.05). No difference in volume consumption during PH between pre and post was found. The sweat loss during exercise was greaterin post (1377 ± 956 mL) than in pre (558 ± 642 mL) during AH (p < 0.05), but not during PH. Rectal temperature and heartrate decreased after training. Serum osmolality following exercise were not different than the baseline or between the conditions. [Conclusion]Active drinking practices while exercising in a hot environment induced greater voluntary fluid intake and sweatloss. [Keyword]voluntary intake, rehydration, thermoregulation.

梯形荷重을 받는 軟弱地盤상의 壓盛土 效果

裵鍾淳,權正烈,沈勇勳,盧潤炅 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Vertical deformation and lateral flow can occur as a result of the construction of nearby embankments on a soft ground. This paper considered the behavior from a model test that situated pressure berms on the soft ground by trapezodial load., as varied the height and width of the pressure berm and height(H) of the load. But width(B) of the load is equal to all tests. The test results are as follows : 1. Maximum settlement occur at the center of the embankment and ending settlement is to the depth about 1.8B from the ground surface. 2. Maximum uplift location is about 0.3B ∼ 0.4B from the toe of the pressure berm and maximum uplift deformation occur with its height at H/2 without any influence from its width. 3. The width and height of the pressure berm for mimimum uplift deformation is 2H and H/3. 4. Maximum lateral flow occur to the depth at D/3 from the ground surface without any influence from its height and width.

말뚝이 매입된 연약지반의 변형거동

裵鍾淳,權正烈,鄭晳允,朴卿局 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

When embankment is constructed on soft ground, lateral displacements and consolidation settlements develops. When load work on the soft clay ground, we can earn the following result through model test that is the lateral displacement by the piles embedded distance(L) and the piles spacing rate(s/D). 1. As increasing L and s/D, the maximum heaving height(HH Max) of the ground was also increasing, and the maximum heaving distance(HL Max) became far from the end of the load. 2. As L and s/D was increasing, the maximum of the lateral displacement(SL Max) became increasing, and The location of the maximum lateral displacement(SL Max) occurred in the -0.17~-0.28B spot regardless L and s/D. 3. HH Maxof the ground is proportional to SL Max

낙상으로 인한 좌심실 파열 후 생존한 환자 1례

배택환,김행재,정윤석,김준식,조준필,이철주 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Blunt or nonpenetrating chest injuries are common after motor vehicle accidents or falls. Blunt injury to the heart ranges from contusion to rupture. Cardiac rupture, however, is un-common and associated with a very high mortality rate ; left ventricular rupture due to falling is even more rare. We experienced a case of left ventricular rupture of the heart caused by a fall, which the patient survived. A 63-year-old man fell off a ladder and presented with hypotension from left hemothorax and pericardial tamponade. The hemothorax was relieved via an emergency closed thoracostomy but dyspnea and hypotension continued. And so, echocardio-graphy was done and pericardial tamponade was detected. Emergency left thoracotomy was done to repair the rupture site. We believe that patients with cardiac rupture who reach the hospital alive can often be saved by prompt diagnosis and immediate surgical treatment.

土地區劃整理事業이 都市開發에 미친 影響과 對策 : 金海市를 中心으로

윤철현,박정배 東亞大學校 大學院 1997 大學院論文集 Vol.22 No.-

The City of Kimhae has developed rapidly along with promotion as a legal city. To respond with it, the city has spread out actively land subdivision projects by civilian. Supervision of municipal authority against the projects by civilian has been excluded in the development process and so its results has presented nearly non-interferent development. It is natural that an influence of Land Subdivision Projects in Kimhae on urban development is great because its scale over the entire city is one-third of built-up area. This paper has emphasized on the negative effect rather than positive effect on the land subdivision projects regarding it. As a result, first, unrealistic population projection, exessive seperation and annexation of land parcels, exessive commercial use and high rate of vacant lots have been discovered. Second, a number of sites for land subdivision has been overissued by the municipality and it interrupts systematic urban development. Eventually, the city of Kimhae has followed the process like lan subdivision projects→acceleration of population inflow→orderless urban space→exhaution of buildable lands. Basic reason such the problems as the above results from which city government has not planned to administer individual project area as well as entire ones. It is evident that development not having planning products spatial disorder, Therefore this paper has suggested to induct master land development plan and detailed plan.

여중생의 신체질량 지수에 따른 신체만족도, 식습관, 비만관련 스트레스 그리고 운동습관에 대한 조사

배윤정,김성태,성봉주 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate body dissatisfaction, eating attitudes, and exercise behavior in female adolescents and to develop strategic countermeasures against those epidemic phenomenon. A total of 269 junior female high school students participated in this study, and were divided into three groups based on the body mass index (BMI); BMI<18.5: underweight (UW), 18.5-24.9: average weight (AW), and 25.0-29.9 overweight (OW), A questionnaire consisted of Body Dissatisfaction Index (BD[), Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT26), Obesity Related Stress (ORS), and exercise behavior was administered, For the comparisons of means, one-way ANOVA was employed, and relationships between variables were assessed by correlation coefficient, For the analyses of relationship between BDI and EAT26, and physical activities, X² was utilized, The BD[ between UW and OW was significantly different (P<.05) while no differences were found in EAT26 among groups. ANOVA revealed ORS score was statistically different (P<.05), but post-hoc test did riot show any differences among groups, In each group, BMI and EAT26, and BMI and BDI were highly correlated (P<.05). However no relationships were found between BDI and EAT26. When comparing the level of physical activities among groups, no differences were found. The prevalence or inactive (less then average) was 24.7, 28.9, and 45.2% in UW, AW, and OW, respectively. The desire for exercise was 94.6, 94.5, and 100% in UW, AW, arid OW, respectively, and this was statistically different (P<.05), The perception or exercise necessity was highly rated in all groups, particularly in OW female adolescents.

쇄골 중간부 골절후 불유합 및 지연 유합의 원인

윤정로,심재익,김택선,이성종,김영배,김학준,안국환,장재영,홍명표 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

쇄골 중간 1/3 부위의 골절은 치료 결과가 양호하여 보존적 치료가 원칙적으로 받아 들어지고 잇으며 불유합에 대한 빈도도 낮은 것으로 되어 있다. 그러나 최근 전위 및 단축의 정도가 심할 경우 높은 불유합의 결과와 불량한 임상 결과를 보고하고 있어 이런 예에 대해선 수술적 치료를 권장하고 있다. 저자들은 단축 및 전위의 정도와 불유합의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : 1993년 2월부터 2002년 1월까지 본원에 내원 했던 성인 중간부 쇄골 골절 환자 194명 중 완전 전위를 보인 78례를 조사하여 이중 63례를 대상으로 분석하여 후 향적 연구를 시행하였다. 4개월 추시 후에도 방사성 사진상 유합 소견이 관찰되지 않으면 불유합의 유의성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결 과 : 63례 중 불유합 및 지연 유합을 소견을 보인 환자는 15(23%)례였다. 골유합을 보인 48례의 단축은 평균 8.6㎜(2㎜-17㎜)였고, 전위는 평균 9.7㎜(2-22㎜)였다 .불유합 및 지연 유합을 보였던 15례에서 단축은 평균 14.5㎜(3㎜-37㎜), 전위는 평균 17.3㎜(4-25㎜)였다. 18㎜이상 단축이 있었던 경우 불유합의 발생과는 통계학적으로 유의성을 나타내었고(Fisher's exact test, p<0.01), Chi-square test상 16㎜ 이상의 전위를 보였던 경우 불유합 발생과 통계학적으로 의미가 있었다(p<0.01). 결 론 : 쇄골 골절 특히 중간 1/3의 골절은 비교적 보존적 치료에 결과가 좋은 것으로 되어 있으나, 전위 및 단축이 심한 경우 불유합에 대한 가능성이 높이 때문에 보다 경과 관찰시 유합의 진행이 없으면 적극적인 치료를 고려해야한다. Purpose : Because the prognosis of the mid 1.3 clavicle fracture is good, the conservative treatment with a figure of 8 bandage is the gold standard and the nonunions are rare. However, recently surgical treatment is recommended when the shortening and displacement is severe because of the high nonunion rate and the poor clinical result. This study was undertaken to evaluate that the shortening and displacement at fracture site are associated with the development of nonunion. Materials and Methods : We analysed the 194 fractures of mid 1/3 clavicle in adults which had been treated conservatively from February 1993 to January 2002 and did the retrospective study. Of these, 78 cases were originally in the middle third of the clavicle and had been completely displaced. We reviewed 63 of these cases. The shortening and displacement at the fracture site was measured on the initial roentgenogram. And the analysis of the patients' chart was done for another predisposing nonunion factors. Nonunion and delayed union are considered to be present when there has been little or no progression of clinical or radiographic healing at a minimum of 4 months after injury. Results : 15 of the 63 cases had developed nonunion.. The average 8.6㎜(2㎜-17㎜) shortening and average 9.7㎜(2-22㎜) in the union patients. The average 14.5㎜(3㎜-37㎜) shortening and average 17.3㎜(4-25㎜) in the nonunion patients. We found that initial shortening ≥18㎜(Fisher's exact test, p<0.01) and initial displacement ≥ 16㎜(Chi-square test. p<0.01)at the fracture site were significantly associated with the development of nonunion. Conclusion : The conservative treatment with figure-80-bandage is the gold standard in the clavicle middle one third fracture. However, the nonunion is commonly occurs in the cases of more of severely shortened and displaced fractures. If there are no signs of callus formation and the patient complains of pain after several week, osteosynthesis should be considered.

자궁경부 상피종양에서 human papillomavirus 감염과 survivin 발현

윤재호,정동준,이정은,박동명,배동한,선우재근,백무준,김창진 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been considered a causative agent of uterine cervical carcinoma. HPV is a DNA oncogenic virus, which is well known as a causative virus in uterine cervical carcinoma. The virus is classified into two groups genotypically, low risk and high risk, according to the carcinogenic potentiality, and the determination of the viral genotype is important in clinical practice. Recently, numerous genotypes can be determined by high throughput method using DNA chip. Survivin is a recently characterized inhibitor of anti-apoptosis (IAP) protein, which is abundantly expressed in most solid and hematological malignancies, but undetectable in normal adult tissues. In this study, HPV genotypes are determined by DNA chip and the expression of survivin was examined by immunohistochemistry in 80 cases of uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive carcinoma to see the roles of HPV and survivin in the carciogenesis of uterine cervical epithelial neoplasia. The results were as follows: 1. HPV positive rate was 72.5%, while negative rate was 27.5% in 80 cases of CIN and invasive carcinoma. The CIN and invasive carcinoma showed higher HPV positive rate (p <0.05). 2. HPV positive rate according to the histologic grade were 60%, 65%, 77% and 90% in CINI, CINII, CINII and invasive carcinoma, respectively. HPV positive rate showed increasing tendency according to the histologic grade, though there was no statistical significance. 3. The most frequent genotype was type 16 and the next were 58, 52, 18 and 33 in order of frequency. 4. Survivin was expressed in 96.3% of CIN and invasive carcinoma. The expression rate of survivin showed no significant difference between the histologic grade of CIN and invasive carcinoma, but showed tendency of increased expression rate in invasive carcinoma. 5. Survivin was expressed in HPV positive and in HPV negative each as in 95.5% and 96.6% respectively. There was no significant difference of survivin expression between HPV positive and negative cases. The above results suggest that HPV has no effect on the regulation of survivin expresson level in the uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinomas.

고능율 와이어컷 방전가공조건에 관한 실험적 고찰

배성한,정윤교 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 産技硏論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Wire-cut electric discharge machining is technique in the midst of development, and the factors of effect on working characteristic are various. Purpose of this study is to obtain efficient machining condition for metal mold of satisfactional quality from experimental study in wire-cut electric discharge machining with alloy tool steel STD11. In this study, the effect of peak discharge current[Ip], gap voltage[Vg], and spark cycle[T] on machining speed[F], kerf width[G], and surface roughness[Ra] in wire-cut electric discharge machining are discussed mainly. It is found that F is function of Ip, Vg, T and expressed ad F = {α*Ip*(V-Vg)+β}/T[mm/min]. Relationship between Ra and F can be written as Ra=γ*F+δ[μm]. G is proptioned to Ip and Vg but is not connected with T. If the average roughness of metal mold is, therefore, decided, the machining speed and efficient machining conditions can be calculated.

임상 증상이 심하지 않은 심낭 삼출 환자의 장기 추적 결과

배장호,김기식,강미숙,남명희,김미정,김민수,김기영,님창욱,김윤년,김권배,정시전,김여희 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.7