배위량의 순회전도가 영남지역의 3.1만세운동에 끼친 영향에 대한 연구

배재욱 ( Bae Jae Woog ) 한세대학교 영산글로벌신학연구소 2020 영산신학저널 Vol.0 No.51

The centenary of the March First Independence Movement falls in the year of 2019. The March First Movement is an important and epoch-making event in the history of Korea. The national spirit derived from this incident spread to a save-the-nation movement. The Korean Church took a leading role from the preparation stage of the uprising to the execution stage. In this paper, the author explores how the passionate evangelical activities of Bae We Ryang affected the March First Manse (“hurrah”) Movement in the Gyeongsang (or Youngnam) region. Bae We Ryang was the first person to make a connection with Korea by arriving at Busan port on January 29, 1891. He came down to Busan on February 25, 1891 to buy land for a missionary branch in Busan. Although Bae’s misssionary work may not be directly related to the March First Manse Movement in the Gyeongsang region, his import- ance should not be overlooked in focusing on how the results of his missionary work affected the March First Movement in the region. The author attempts to seek relevance between his role and the March First Movement in Gyeongsang region. After he set up a base in Busan, he began building the structure of the Busan Mission Branch on September 24, 1891 and completed it in June of 1892. Bae We Ryang first established the foundation of the mission in Korea by conducting missionary work mainly in Busan through 1) Itinerating travel; 2) conducting guests to a reception room in a house; 3) establishing Choryang Church with all the baptized persons; 4) establishing a Chinese literary school. He did missionary work with Busan and Daegu as centers having a far-reaching plan in mind. Bae We Ryang moved to Daegu in April 1896, hoping to preach the gospel there all his life, but before long the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A (PCUSA) made him move to Seoul and Pyongyang. His successors, James Edward Adams (1867∼ 1929), Dr. Woodbridge O. Johnson (1869∼1951) and Henry Munro Bruen (1874∼1959) were given many missionary roles to evangelize people in the Youngnam region. In the Youngnam region, the March First Movement starting first in cities such as Daegu and Busan expanded to rural areas and then became the most powerful movement in the country. The demonstrations in the Gyeongsang region were led by Christian leaders and students. Daegu’s March Eighth Movement (대구 3.8운동) was planned and started by Daegu’s Christian religious leaders. Bae’s second missionary journey has been viewed as a major source of evangelization for the northern part of Youngnam areas. During the March First Movement in the Gyeongsang region, Christian leaders and believers played pivotal roles. Bae preached the gospel throughout the entire Youngnam region and the birth of churches there could all be deeply related to him. The March First Movement in Youngnam is connected with the regions where he made his rounds for the gospel. Therefore, it remains an important source for research in relating Bae We Ryang with studies on the March First Movement in the Youngnam region.

배위량의 2차 전도 여정과 순례길로서의 가치

배재욱(Jae-Woog Bae) 영남신학대학교 2016 신학과 목회 Vol.45 No.-

부산항을 통해 미지의 세계인 한국으로 와서 이 땅에서 선교하고자 노력했던 배위량(裵偉良/윌리엄 M. 베어드/ William M. Baird, 1862~1931)은 1893년 4월부터 5월까지 경상도 땅 일원을 탐방하여 선교지부를 개척하고자 경상도 지역 순회 전도여행을 떠나 1,240리나 여행하면서 순례했다. 배위량은 1894년 4월 22일 많은 위험과 고통을 감내하면서 모든 어려움을 모험과 인내와 열정으로 극복하고 대구에 도착했다. 그는 나중에 남성로에 있는 대구제일교회 옛 본당의 교회 부지를 구입하여 경상도 선교의 기틀을 닦았다. 그가 주님의 복음을 이 땅에 전하고자 다녔던 그 길을 다시 찾는다면 인생의 목적을 깨닫지 못하고 방황하는 우리 한국교회의 젊은이들과 한국교회에게 주는 좋은 선물이 되리라고 생각한다. 그것은 세속화의 물결 앞에서 한국교회의 정체성을 지키고, 한국교회를 건강하고 새롭게 하는 길이 될 것이다. 배위량은 “믿음으로 호랑이 굴속에 뛰어든 선교사”처럼 위험과 고난을 감수하는 모험을 감행했다. 그의 2차 전도여행은 동래 - 밀양 - 청도 - 대구 - 상주 - 안동 - 의성 - 신령 - 영천 - 경주 - 울산을 거쳐 동래에까지 이어졌다. 그 후 그는 자신의 선교 터전인 부산 선교지부에 머물렀지만, 부산에서 대구로 이주하여 대구에 정착하는 것으로 제 2차 전도여행의 결실을 맺었다. 배위량의 길은 섬기는 마음으로 그리고 헌신하고 봉사하는 마음으로 만들어 가야할 것이다. Bae We Ryang (William M. Baird, 1862~1931) came to the unknown world of Korea through Busan Harbor for missionary work. He visited all of Gyeongsang Province from April to May in 1893, and made a pilgrimage, going on a 486.981818km evangelical journey to make a local branch of the mission. Although Bae We Ryang endured many hardships, he overcame his difficulties with his adventurous spirit and passion, and arrived in Daegu on April 22, 1894. He established the Gyeongsang Province ministry by buying the land, on which the old main hall of Daegu Jeil Church on Namsung Street is built, for his church site. Bae’s mission of spreading the Lord’s Gospel is an inspiration for the Korean Church and its youths. Looking to Bae’s example, the Korean Church can find its identity and stand strong against the waves of secularization. Bae We Ryang carried out his mission, enduring risk and hardship, like “a missionary who put his head into the lion’s mouth by faith.” After his second evangelical journey through Busan - Dongnae - Miryang - Cheongdo - Daegu - Sangju - Andong - Uiseong - ShinRyoung - Yeongcheon - Gyeongju - Ulsan - and Busan once more, he settled down in Daegu again. Bae We Ryang’s mission was to prepare a strong foundation and be an example for the Korean Church; following Bae, the Korean Church should also strive to serve and be an example for the Korean people with dedication.

안새부리(Ansaipyuri)에 대한 역사·지리학적인 탐구

배재욱(Bae, Jae Woog) 주안대학원대학교 2024 주안신학논단 Vol.2024 No.2

영남지역 최초의 복음 전도자인 배위량 선교사는 대구·경북지역의 문화에도 큰 영향을 끼쳤다. 대구·경북지역의 교회는 3.1운동 시기에 큰 역할을 감당했다. 그런데, 대구·경북지역에서 3.1운동이 일어난 발상지는 배위량의 제2차 순회전도 여행한 지역과 거의 일치한다. 이러한 관점에서 그가 대구·경북 지역 교회에 끼친 영향을 유추해 볼 수 있다. 그의 일기에 나타나는 마을 이름인 ‘Ansaipyuri’(‘안새부리’)는 선교·문화사적인 의미에서 중요하다. 그것은 이 마을이 배위량의 선교활동에서 중요한 열쇠어(Schlüsselwort)가 되고 한국 초기 선교 역사를 이해하는 데 기본적이고, 중요한 토대를 이루기 때문이다. 필자는 이 논문에서 “안새부리(Ansaipyuri)에 대한 역사·지리학적인 탐구”를 통하여 다음 2가지 소주제를 다루고자 한다. 1. 안새부리에 대한 연구가 왜 필요한가? 2. 안새부리가 어디인가? 3. 안새부리가 왜 신촌리 안마을인가? “안새부리의 위치에 대한 역사·지리학적 이해”를 통하여 안새부리의 위치를 찾고자 배위량의 일기 본문을 분석하고 인문학적인 분석과 현장 탐방를 통하여 “안새부리(Ansaipyuri)에 대한 역사·지리학적인 탐구”를 진행하게 될 것이다. 팔조리의 출발점은 팔조령에 그 기원이 있다. 자연부락 이름이 존재하지 않는 팔조리는 여러 가지 정황으로 볼 때, 상당히 늦게 형성된 마을이므로, 팔조리를 1893년 4월 21일에 배위량이 잠을 잤던 마을인 안새부리로 보는 것은 역사·지리학적인 측면에서 보면 시기적으로 맞지 않다. 그리고 몇 가지 정황상 팔조리가 배위량이 말하는 안새부리라는 주장은 역사적인 근거가 매우 빈약하다. “안새부리의 위치에 대한 역사·지리학적 이해”를 통하여 안새부리의 위치를 찾고자 배위량의 일기 본문을 분석하고, 현장 탐방과 인문학적인 사고를 통하여 “안새부리(Ansaipyuri)에 대한 역사·지리학적인 탐구”를 진행하게 될 것이다. 배위량은 안새부리(Ansaipyuri)라는 산골마을에서 1893년 4월 21일 밤에 잠을 자고 이튿날 아침에 팔조령을 넘어서 대구를 향하였다. 역사·지리학적인 판단으로 볼 때 안새부리는 ‘신촌리의 안 마을’로 추정할 수 있다. 1893년 4월 21일에 배위량이 여행한 경로는 청도 읍치에서 나와 ‘왼쪽으로 난 길’을 따라 학산리 방향으로 향하다가 토평리와 고철리를 거쳐 당시에 차북면 소재지인 상당동(현재 신촌리 상당마을)을 거쳐 청도 역사의 현장인 ‘신촌리 안 마을’로 와서 하룻밤을 쉬어 갔다고 본다. 옛날부터 ‘새벌’로 불리던 신촌리는 배위량이 처음으로 청도를 방문했던 1893년 당시에는 ‘새불’ 또는 ‘새부리’로 불렸고, 지금은 그 말의 후기 변화 형태인 ‘새월’이란 지명으로 불린다. 이런 논증에 따라 ‘안새부리’는 ‘신촌리의 안동네’로 추정된다. Missionary Bae Wi-ryang(William M. Baird, 1862-1931, 베어드) was the first evangelist in Youngnam province. Missionary Bae Wi-ryang was the first evangelist in Youngnam province. He is a pathfinder who greatly influenced the culture of the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area. Churches in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area play an important role during the March 1st Independence Movement. By the way, the birthplace of the 3.1 movement in Daegu-Gyeongbuk area is almost the same as the area where Bae Wi-ryang’s second round trip traveled. From this point of view, we can infer the influence he had on the churches in Daegu-Gyeongbuk area. The name of a village in his diary, ‘Ansaipyuri’, is significant keyword (Schlüsselwort) in missionary and cultural history. The name of this place is an important keyword in Bae’s missionary activities and is fundamental to understanding early missionary history in Korea. In this paper, through a historical and geographical exploration of Ansaipyuri, I would like to address the following two subtopics. The first is: “Why is the study of Ansaipyuri necessary?” The second is: “Where is Ansaipyuri?”. The third is: “Why is Ansaipyuri an inner village of Sinchonri?” In order to locate Ansaipyuri through a historical-geographical understanding of the location of Ansaipyuri, I analysed the diary texts of Bae Wi-ryang and conducted a historicalgeographical exploration of Ansaipyuri through field visits. The origin of Paljori is the starting point of Paljoryeong. Paljori, which does not have a natural village name, is a village formed quite late in various circumstances. So it is not timely for Paljori to become ‘Ansaipyuri’, the village where Bae Wi-ryang slept in a mountain village called Ansaipyuri on 21 April 1893 and left for Daegu the next morning, crossing the Paljoryeong. In some contexts, the claim that Paljori is the amount of coordination ‘Ansaipyuri’ is very poor in historical basis. Based on historical and geographical research, Ansaipyuri is believed to be the ‘inner village of Sinchonri’. The route taken by Bae Wi-ryang on 21 April 1893 is believed to have been from ‘Cheongdo-eupchi’(‘청도 읍치’[邑治]) to Haksanri along the road on the left, then through ‘Topyeongri’, ‘Gochulri’ and ‘Sangdang-village’, the seat of the district office of ‘Chabuk-myeon’, to an ‘inner village in Sinchonri’, the historical site of Cheongdo, where he stayed overnight. Sinchonri, which called ‘Saebeol’, When Bae Wi-ryang first visited Sinchonri in 1893, it was later ‘saebul’ or ‘saebuli’, and now ‘Saewol’, a later form of the place name. From this it can be concluded that ‘Ansaipyuri’ was an ‘inner village of Sinchonri’.

Purification of a Steroid △1 - dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter simplex

BAE,MOO,MI - KYUNG LEE 한국미생물생명공학회 1993 Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.3 No.3

Level of Resident Care Need and Staffing by Size of Nursing Home under the Public Long-term Care Insurance in South Korea

Bae,Sung-Heui,Kim,Hongsoo 한국노인간호학회 2020 노인간호학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: Formal long-term care in nursing homes became a popular means of caring for frail elders in South Korea. This universal long-term care (LTC) insurance for elders was introduced in 2008. The aim of this study was to provide information on the extent of and variations in residents’ care needs and nursing staffing characteristics across nursing homes. Methods: This was a population-based secondary analysis of a large national survey study involving 1,472 older residents in 92 nursing homes in South Korea in 2013. Characteristics of residents and nursing homes were collected by functional assessment and an examination of administrator surveys for nursing home size was done using descriptive analysis. Results: Small and small-medium nursing homes were more likely to provide care to non-Medical-aid beneficiaries and older people with lower care need level. These smaller homes also better met the minimum nursing staffing standard. However, they were less likely to hire registered nurses (RNs), as it is not yet a staffing requirement for nursing homes in Korea. Conclusion: South Korea has a policy agenda to increase nursing staffing level, especially by adding RNs, and decrease variations in staffing levels by nursing home size. Further evidence on care-need level, proper resource allocation, and policies designed to strengthen the LTC workforce is essential to advance the LTC system in Korea.

Competition Responses of Populus alba Clone ‘Bolleana’ to red:far-red light

Bae,Han-hong,Kang,Ho-duck,Richard B,Hall 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

The reduced ratio of red:far-red (R:FR) light acts as a measure of the proximity of competitors and plants can detect the potentially competing neighbor plants by perceiving reflected R:FR signals and initiate the response of “shade avoidance” before actual shading occurs. The phytochrome system is responsible for monitoring the changes in the R:FR and initiating the shade avoidance response. The response to low R:FR ratio was studied in a white aspen Populus alba clone ‘Bolleana’ using two filter systems: a clear plastic filter system that allows a R:FR ratio less than 1.0 to pass from adjacent border plant reflection; and a special commercial plastic that blocks FR light and creates a R:FR ratio above 3.0. The reduced R:FR signals enhanced the stem elongation in response to competition at the expense of relative stem diameter growth. Trees grown inside clear chambers were 27 % taller than trees grown inside the FR-blocking filter chambers. Stem taper of clear chamber trees was 16% less than the FR-blocking filter trees. Low R:FR also induced 22% more stem dry weight and 13% greater petiole length per leaf compared to the FR-blocking filter trees. There were no statistically significant differences in leaf area, leaf number increment, and total dry weight between the two light filter treatments.

19세기 刑政風俗圖에 나타난 형벌의 특징에 관한 고찰

차인배(Cha In-bae) 한국역사민속학회 2014 역사민속학 Vol.0 No.44

19세기 풍속화가로 알려진 金允輔와 金俊根이 그린 형정풍속화가 ≪형정도첩≫과 <기산풍속첩> 등에 전하고 있다. 이들 형정풍속화는 범죄 단속, 처벌, 고문, 재판 등 다양한 형정에 관한 내용을 담고 있어 조선시대 법전에 기록된 형정 내용을 시각적으로 확인할 수 있다. 특히 이들 가운데 일부는 기존의 문헌에서도 찾아볼 수 없는 독특한 형벌체계를 소개하고 있어 형정연구에 대한 충분한 자료적 가치를 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 형정과 형벌에 관한 연구 성과를 토대로 형정풍속도를 조명해 보고자 한다. 19세기에 활동했던 김윤보와 김준근의 형정풍속도를 종합적으로 수집ㆍ분석하고, 개별 그림의 내용을 기존 형정에 관한 연구 성과와 비교 고찰해보고자 한다. 이를 위해 두 풍속화가의 형정풍속도를 오형ㆍ고문ㆍ사회범죄 등 몇 가지 형벌체계로 분류한 후, 그림내용의 내용을 분석해 각각의 특징을 고찰하고 그 공통점을 통해 당대의 형정의 특성을 고찰하였다. 또한 각론에서는 기왕에 알려진 형정에 관한 내용과 그림 묘사의 비교를 통해 그 집행 과정과 내용을 보다 면밀히 고찰함으로써 역사적 사실에 접근하고자 하였다. Genre paintings depicting scenes of penal administration by Yun-bo Gim and Jun-geun Gim are included in the Hyeongjeong docheop (Album of Genre Paintings Depicting Scenes of Penal Administration) and Gisan pungsok docheop (Album of Gisan’s Genre Paintings), respectively. These genre paintings depict various scenes of penal administration including crime enforcement, punishment, torture and trial, allowing visual confirmation of contents of penal administration that was recorded in the legal codes of the Joseon Dynasty. In particular, some of the paintings have significant value in respect of research on penal administration as they introduce unique punishment systems that are not found in existing literature. In existing studies on the penal administration of the Joseon Dynasty, genre paintings were undervalued, only used as supplementary visual material to help understanding of penal administration. Although some of the paintings were exaggerated due in part to commercial purposes, the genre paintings realistically reflect the penal administration of the time to such an extent as to even depicting trivial customs of the executor that could not be ascertained in literature. Thus, this paper classified the genre paintings of the two painters by several punishment systems, examined the each of their characteristics through the differences in the content of the paintings, and studied the characteristics of the penal administration of the time through their similarities. Moreover, in each section, the paper sought to approach historical truths by thoroughly studying the process and content of execution by comparing and contrasting the details of the paintings with the existing knowledge on penal administration.

Effect of Ultrasonic Melt Treatment on Solidification Microstructure of Al–5Ti–1B Alloy Containing Numerous Inoculant Particles

Soo‑Bae Kim,Jae‑Gil Jung,Young‑Hee Cho,Su‑Hyeon Kim,Kwangjun Euh,Jung‑Moo Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The effect of ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) on the solidification microstructure of an Al–5Ti–1B alloy containing highvolumefractions of Al3Tiand TiB2particles is investigated for various UST times with different melt holding times. Theas-cast Al–5Ti–1B alloy is composed of TiB2and polygonal Al3Tiparticles (present prior to UST), plate-like Al3Tiparticles,and Al grains (formed during UST and/or solidification). The UST causes a size reduction and homogeneous distributionof the TiB2-agglomerated region containing many submicron-sized TiB2particles pushed to the grain boundaries. The USTslightly decreases the size and improves the distribution of polygonal Al3Tiparticles enriched in the TiB2-agglomeratedregion. Unlike the TiB2and polygonal Al3Tiparticles, which exhibit a minor refining effect, the plate-like Al3Tiparticlesshow a significant refinement with UST application. The UST has a significant effect on the size distribution of Al grains byinducing the formation of medium-sized grains at the expense of small and large grains; however, it only has a slight effecton grain refinement. The degree of microstructure modification increases with increasing UST time but decreases with meltholding time after UST. The mechanisms for the refinement and dispersion of the TiB2and Al3Tiparticles and Al grains arediscussed considering fragmentation, nucleation, and growth behaviors induced by the UST and subsequent solidification.

공유재 이론의 적용 대상 확대

배득종 ( Deuk J. Bae ) 한국행정학회 2004 한국행정학보 Vol.38 No.4

The study of Public Administration is an application science that employs economic theory and models for the analysis of public finance. It usually adopts a theory of public goods. However, public goods are only a part of goods supplied by government. Most goods in the public sector are the commons (defined as rival goods without excludability) or the mixed goods. Theory of the commons has long been established, and the most famous is the theory of Tragedy of the Commons developed by Hardin. However, use has been limited to special areas such as fishery, forestry, and environmental quality. Most goods in the public sector are the commons, though the theories of the commons are applied to very limited goods. This study explores the ways to apply the theory of the commons widely to goods in public sectors such as budgets, performance, and other financial or human resources. The key for the wider use of the theory is the development of a feedback loop which connects private interest to public interests. It requires creativity and wisdom to develop such an incentive loop.

Colwyn, Age 5 1/2, “Protecting Mom and Dad”

Klaus G. Witz,Sung Ah Bae,Hyunju Lee,Youngcook Jun,Yongsock Chang 아시아질적탐구학회 2022 아시아질적탐구 Vol.1 No.1

The present paper is part of a larger case study of a 5 1/2 year old Korean boy, Colwyn, with his mother, Dr. Bae. Dr. Bae interviewed Colwyn twice, about 2 months apart; the first interview was audiotaped, the second videotaped. The present paper is based primarily on the second interview where Colwyn tells several wildly imaginative stories of himself like a superhero “protecting mom and dad.” Our aim is to communicate a sense of Colwyn’s “feeling, consciousness, state” when he is telling these “stories”, using the portraiture philosophy of Lawrence-Lightfoot and Davis and the “Participant-as-ally - Essentialist portraiture” approach of Witz and his students. The paper suggests that Colwyn’s “telling stories” in that Interview involves a highly self-actualized way of “being involved with his ‘I’”, which was apparently prompted by Interview 1 and is expressed in the drawing in Fig. 1. (In Interview 2 he constantly comes back to this drawing and uses it as a jumping off point for ideas in the stories). In addition, when he is telling a story, his whole being (feeling and mind) is “as if flowing in a direct channel,” manifesting as a constant stream of inspiration (creativity), ideas and diverse kinds of energy which is coming from within him, and that is carried on a powerful undercurrent of moral feeling of “being good.” At the same time telling the story represents a state of “subjectively being in a unity with” his mother’s feelings of appreciation and love. These things represent intense genuine spiritual engagement that at the same time manifests itself as creative expression in painting and in verbal interaction, already at this young age. This conclusion is supported by various additional data available.