Aluminum ASA 6061 Anodizing Process by Chromic Acid Using Box–Wilson Central Composite Design: Optimization and Corrosion Tendency

Khalid H. Rashid,Anees A. Khadom,Hameed B. Mahood 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.10

The behavior of anodic porous alumina film formed on an aluminum surface by anodizing in chromic acid solutions wasoptimized using Box–Wilson experimental design. The film thickness was correlated as a function of temperature, acidconcentration, applied voltage, and time. A mathematical model was suggested and optimized. Results of coating thicknessindicate that both temperature and time play an important role in the anodizing process. The interaction effect of variableson the film thickness is less pronounced compared with the effect of the main variables. Optimum film thickness obtainedduring the anodizing process was 10.43 μm at the optimum value of temperature (45 °C) and time (68 min). The polarizationmeasurement of anodized aluminum ASA 6061 in chromic acid shows a high corrosion resistance in the presence ofcoating. The results confirmed by using surface morphology investigations.

The management of perioperative pain in craniosynostosis repair: a systematic literature review of the current practices and guidelines for the future

Hatan Mortada,Raghad AlKhashan,Nawaf Alhindi,Haifa B. AlWaily,Ghada A. Alsadhan,Saad Alrobaiea,Khalid Arab 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2022 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.44 No.-

Background: Craniosynostosis is a condition characterized by a premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. The surgical repair of craniosynostosis causes significant pain for the child. A key focus of craniosynostosis repair is developing effective strategies to manage perioperative pain. This study aimed to review perioperative pain control strategies for craniosynostosis repair systematically. Methods: Guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used in the design of this review. In May 2022, the following databases were used to conduct the literature search: MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. A search was performed using MeSH terms “craniosynostosis,” “pain management,” and “cranioplasty.” Results: The literature review yielded 718 publications. After applying our inclusion criteria, 17 articles were included, accounting for a total of 893 patients. During the postoperative period, most studies used multimodal analgesia, primarily opioids, and acetaminophen. In the postoperative period, oral ibuprofen was the most commonly used NSAID, rectal codeine, and acetaminophen were the most commonly used weak opioids, and continuous remifentanil infusion was the most commonly used potent opioid. Conclusion: The authors determined the best pain management options for pediatric patients undergoing cranioplasty by analyzing the most commonly used analgesics. A high-quality clinical trial comparing different types of analgesic combinations would be a valuable addition to the present literature.

Potential side-NSM strengthening approach to enhance the flexural performance of RC beams: Experimental, numerical and analytical investigations

Md. Akter Hosen,Mohd Zamin Jumaat,A.B.M. Saiful Islam,Khalid Ahmed Al Kaaf,Mahaad Issa Shammas,Ibrahim Y. Hakeem,Mohammad Momeen Ul Islam 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.85 No.2

The performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beam specimens strengthened using a newly proposed Side Near Surface Mounted (S-NSM) technology was investigated experimentally in this work. In addition, analytical and nonlinear finite element (FE) modeling was exploited to forecast the performance of RC members reinforced with S-NSM utilizing steel bars. Five (one control and four strengthened) RC beams were evaluated for flexural performance under static loading conditions employing four-point bending loads. Experimental variables comprise different S-NSM reinforcement ratios. The constitutive models were applied for simulating the non-linear material characteristics of used concrete, major, and strengthening reinforcements. The failure load and mode, yield and ultimate strengths, deflection, strain, cracking behavior as well as ductility of the beams were evaluated and discussed. To cope with the flexural behavior of the tested beams, a 3D non-linear FE model was simulated. In parametric investigations, the influence of S-NSM reinforcement, the efficacy of the S-NSM procedure, and the structural response ductility are examined. The experimental, numerical, and analytical outcomes show good agreement. The results revealed a significant increase in yield and ultimate strengths as well as improved failure modes.

Palm Vitamin E Prevents Osteoporosis in Orchidectomized Growing Male Rats

S. Ima Nirwana,A. Kiftiah,A. G. Zainal,M. Norazlina,M. T. Gapor,B. A. K. Khalid 한국생약학회 2000 Natural Product Sciences Vol.6 No.4

Testosterone deficiency increased bone resorption, giving rise to osteoporosis. Testosterone deficiency also increased lipid peroxidation and free radical formation. Free radicals have been shown to be toxic to osteoblasts as well as to activate osteoclasts. In this study, the effects of giving an antioxidant, i.e. vitamin E-rich extract from palm oil on bone mineral density and calcium content was studied. Palm vitamin E prevented the loss in bone mineral density due to orchidectomy, seen in the whole femur, proximal amd midshaft regions, as well as L4 vertebra. Similar observations were seen in bone calcium content of the L5 vertebra. Giving palm olein also prevented the loss in bone mineral density in the femoral midshaft and L4 vertebra; and bone calcium content in the L5 vertebra. In conclusion, vitamin E-rich extract from palm oil was effective in preventing the toss in bone mineral density and calcium content of orchidectomized male rats. This action is probably due to its role as an antioxidant.

Combined Effects of Sex Hormones and Dietary Oils on Lipid Peroxidation

Z. Merican,M. Jamaludin,B. A. K Khalid.,S. Ima Nirwana 한국생약학회 1995 Natural Product Sciences Vol.1 No.1

The effects of orchildectomy with/without testosterone replacement in male rats, and ovarectomy with estrogen replacement in female rats on lipid peroxidation were studied in male and female rats fed with diets fortified with 20% w/w soybean oil or palm oil for 4 months. Serum, liver and heart homogenates were assayed for malonaldehyde and conjugated dime levels. Orchidectomy was found to reduce levels of lipid peroxidation products in the serum, liver and heart. Testosterone replacement did not increase the Lipid peroxidation products to levels in the nonorchildectomised rats, while estrogen did not influence lipid peroxidation significantly. Palm oil decreased, but soybean oil increased lipid peroxidation in the liver and heart of both the castrated and sex hormone-replaced male and female rats.

Behavior and modeling of RC beams strengthened with NSM-steel technique

Md. Akter Hosen,Khalid Ahmed Al Kaaf,A.B.M. Saiful Islam,Mohd Zamin Jumaat,Zaheer Abbas Kazmi 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.88 No.1

The reinforced concrete (RC) structures might need strengthening or upgradation due to adverse environmental conditions, design defects, modification requirements, and to prolong the expected lifespan. The RC beams have been efficiently strengthened using the near surface mounted (NSM) approach over the externally bonded reinforcing (EBR) system. In this study, the performance of RC beam elements strengthened with NSM-steel rebars was investigated using an experimental program and nonlinear finite element modeling (FEM). Nine medium-sized, rectangular cross-section RC beams total in number made up for the experimental evaluation. The beams strengthened with varying percentages of NSM reinforcement, and the number of grooves was assessed in four-point bending experiments up to failure. Based on the experimental evaluation, the load-displacement response, crack features, and failure modes of the strengthened beams were recorded and considered. According to the experimental findings, NSM steel greatly improved the flexural strength (up to about 84%) and stiffness of RC beams. The flexural response of the tested beams was simulated using a 3D non-linear finite element (FE) model. The findings of the experiments and the numerical analysis showed good agreement. The effect of the NSM groove and reinforcement on the structural response was then assessed parametrically.